AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Ebûbekir Ağa — Hacı Efendizâde es-Seyyid el-Hâc

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 6, p. 98 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Recep Orhan ÖZEL - Doç. Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından Amasya mütesellimi el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa bin el-Hâc Ebûbekir Ağa’nın mahdûmu ve a’yân-ı sâdâttan es-Seyyid el-Hâc Zeynel’abidîn Ağa’nın kerîmezâdesidir. Pederinin [296] hayâtında hâcıyân ve a’yân meclislerine a’zâ, 1190 senesinden i’tibâren birkaç def’a nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı oldu.

1200’de Hacıbaşı, Rus muhârebesinde baş-a’yân olarak harbe gidip gösterdiği hizmetlere mükâfât olmak üzere 1204’de dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılığı ile taltîf edildi. Avdetinde yine meclis a’zâsı, bir müddet Zile voyvodası, 1209’da Çorum sancağı mütesellimi oldu. Orada dört yıl kaldı. 1213 senesi evâhirinde vefât etdi. Âkil, kerîm, müdebbir, mu’tedil, hânedân bir zât idi. Beylerbeyi tarzında yaşar, emîrâne sevilir, servet ü sâmânı debdebe ve dârâtına kifâyet ederdi. Oğulları es-Seyyid Mehmed, Ahmed Ağalardır. Evlâdına “Hacı Bekiroğulları” dendi. Hacı Bekirağazâdeler demekdi. Birâderi es-Seyyid el-Hâc Zeynel’abidîn Efendi Medîne mollası olup 1220’de vefât etdi.

Es-Seyyid Mehmed Ağazâde Alay kâtibi es-Seyyid Abdullah Efendi ve es-Seyyid Ahmed Ağazâde mîr-livâ es-Seyyid Ebûbekir Paşa’dır. Es-Seyyid Abdullah Efendi’nin oğulları es-Seyyid Mehmed Rıf’at, Abdullah [297] Efendilerdir. Hâfız Rif’at Efendi’nin oğulları es-Seyyid Hüseyin, Mehmed Efendilerle Bakkal Abdullah Efendi’nin oğulları es-Seyyid Ebûbekir, Ahmed, Osmân, Mehmed Nûrî Efendiler, Amasya’da ber-hayât idiler. Es-Seyyid Mehmed Nûrî Efendi, manifatura tüccârından iken 1328’de vefât etdi. Eytâmına birâderi hamâmcı es-Seyyid Ahmed Ağa vasî oldu. Diğerleri de vefât etdi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He is the son of Hacı Ahmed Ağa bin Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa, one of the palace kapıcıbaşıs and mütesellim of Amasya, and the son of the daughter of es-Seyyid Hacı Zeynelâbidîn Ağa, one of the leading seyyids. While his father was alive he became a member of the pilgrims' and ayan councils; from 1190 [1776] he served several times as nakîbüleşraf kaymakamı.

In 1200 [1785-86] he became hacıbaşı. He took part in the Russian war as baş-âyân, and in return for the services he showed he was rewarded in 1204 [1789-90] with the rank of palace kapıcıbaşı. On his return he again became a council member; for a time he served as voivode of Zile, and in 1209 [1794-95] became mütesellim of the sanjak of Çorum. He stayed there four years. He died at the end of 1213 [1799]. He was a wise, generous, prudent, moderate man from a well-rooted family. He lived like a beylerbeyi and was loved like an emir; his wealth and possessions sufficed for his display and splendor. His sons are es-Seyyid Mehmed and Ahmed Ağas. His descendants were called the "Hacı Bekiroğulları"; this meant "Hacı Bekirağazâdes". His brother es-Seyyid Hacı Zeynelâbidîn Efendi became molla of Medina and died in 1220 [1805-06].

The son of Seyyid Mehmed Ağa is the Alay kâtibi (clerk of the regiment) es-Seyyid Abdullah Efendi, and the son of Seyyid Ahmed Ağa is the mirliva es-Seyyid Ebûbekir Pasha. The sons of Seyyid Abdullah Efendi are es-Seyyid Mehmed Rif'at and Abdullah Efendis. The sons of Hâfız Rif'at Efendi, es-Seyyid Hüseyin and Mehmed Efendis, and the sons of Bakkal Abdullah Efendi, es-Seyyid Ebûbekir, Ahmed, Osmân and Mehmed Nûrî Efendis, were alive in Amasya. Es-Seyyid Mehmed Nûrî Efendi, a dealer in manufactured goods (manifatura tüccarı), died in 1328 [1910]. His brother the bath-keeper es-Seyyid Ahmed Ağa became guardian of his orphans. The others also died.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşısı: the palace's kapıcıbaşı; a rank mostly given in the eighteenth century to provincial notables
  • mütesellim: the deputy who administers a sanjak in place of the sanjak's governor
  • kerîmezâde: daughter's son, grandson
  • sâdât: seyyids, descendants of the Prophet
  • nakîbü'l-eşrâf kâ'im-makâmı: the provincial deputy of the nakîbüleşraf, who looked after the affairs of the seyyids
  • baş-a'yân: head of the city's ayan
  • taltîf: rewarding, granting rank
  • voyvoda: the official who ran the taxes and administration of a kaza
  • evâhir: the end, the last days
  • âkil, müdebbir, mu'tedil: wise, prudent, moderate
  • debdebe ve dârât: display, splendor
  • molla: kadı of the great cities, a high-ranking kadı
  • mîr-livâ: sanjak bey; later a rank equivalent to brigadier general
  • ber-hayât: alive
  • eytâm: orphans
  • vasî: the person charged with looking after the property and affairs of orphans

The Hacı Efendizâdes and the Ayan Rivalry

Ebûbekir Ağa belonged to one of the most influential ayan families of eighteenth-century Amasya. Hüsameddin wrote a separate entry in the same volume for his father Hacı Ahmed Ağa. There it is related that Ahmed Ağa was the son of the dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşısı Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa bin Mustafa Ağa bin Sarı Mehmed Ağa, that he was the son-in-law of the nakîbüleşraf kaymakamı Seyyid Hacı Zeynelâbidîn Ağa, that in 1161 [1748] he became baş-âyân and mütesellim of Amasya, and that he was brought back to these posts several times. That Ahmed Ağa withdrew aside for a time because he did not get along with Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, that in 1193 [1779] he contributed to the defeat of the Caniklis by giving material aid to Çapanzâde Mustafa Bey, and that when in 1195 Caniklizâde Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha came to Amasya as mutasarrıf he went to Yozgat are also in the same entry; he died in early 1196 [1781-82].

This information also agrees with present-day research on the Canikli family. As Özcan Mert relates, the Amasya ayan, unable to bear the pressure of Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha, took refuge in late 1778 with Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey; in the ensuing conflict Amasya passed into Çapanoğlu's hands, while the Caniklis were forced to flee to Crimea. When, among the Caniklis pardoned in 1781, the sanjak of Amasya was given again to Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha, that Hacı Ahmed Ağa, who had taken the Çapanoğlu side, left the city is an understandable result. The real rise of his son Ebûbekir Ağa took place after his father's death and in the years when Canikli influence had weakened.

The Nakîbüleşraf Kaymakamlığı

The nakîbüleşraf kaymakamlığı, which Ebûbekir Ağa's maternal grandfather Seyyid Zeynelâbidîn Ağa also held, is a post that shows the family's seyyid link. The Ottoman nakîbüleşraf lived in Istanbul; in other cities there were nakîbüleşraf kaymakams chosen from among the seyyids for a set period. As Ş. Tufan Buzpınar notes, there was a grading among these kaymakams, and their areas of duty could at times exceed the limits of a kaza or sanjak. Keeping the genealogical records of the seyyids and supervising those who claimed seyyid status were the main tasks of this post. That Ebûbekir Ağa's name bears the title "es-Seyyid" and that he held this post several times suggests that the family's seyyid status came from the maternal side; Hüsameddin does not say this explicitly, and this is an inference.

War, Rank and the Mütesellimship of Çorum

The war Hüsameddin calls the "Russian battle" is the Ottoman-Russian war that began in 1787 and ended in 1792 with the Treaty of Iași. It is understood that Ebûbekir Ağa became hacıbaşı in 1200 and took part in the war in the capacity of baş-âyân; since the war was declared on 2 Zilkade 1201 (16 August 1787), some time must have passed between the date of the hacıbaşıship and setting out on campaign. In this period the campaign decrees sent from Istanbul to the kazas asked the ayan to come on campaign in person at the head of the soldiers they had gathered; while many ayan tried to avoid this, that Ebûbekir Ağa joined the army and was in the end rewarded with rank is noteworthy in this respect. The kapıcıbaşılık was a rank that had also been given to Ebûbekir Ağa's father and grandfather; that the family bore this title for three generations shows the continuity of its influence.

The information that Ebûbekir Ağa became mütesellim of the sanjak of Çorum in 1209 [1794-95] and stayed there four years could not be verified in other sources. Çorum was in the same years a sanjak that the Caniklis too administered at times; Özcan Mert records that Mehmed Bey, nephew of Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, took over the administration of the sanjak of Çorum in 1778, and Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha in 1782. Ebûbekir Ağa's being sent to this sanjak as mütesellim can be read as a sign that in the years when the Caniklis lost their power, the pro-Çapanoğlu ayan of Amasya came to the fore in the region.

Family Ties

It is understood that the brother named in the entry, Seyyid Hacı Zeynelâbidîn Efendi, took his name from his maternal grandfather and rose to the kadılık of Medina (the mollaship); no information on him was found in other sources. Another noteworthy connection is this: in the entry on his father Ahmed Ağa, Hüsameddin mentions as his brother the surre-i hümâyûn emini Hacı Mustafa Ağa, and writes that Mustafa Ağa died on the pilgrimage road in Rebîülevvel 1201 [1786-87] and that his son Seyyid Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa was also one of the men of state. This Ebûbekir Ağa is the person who has a separate entry in the same volume with the epithet "Pazarbaşızâde"; the two Ebûbekir Ağas are therefore cousins. Only, since Hüsameddin in that entry shows Mustafa Ağa as the son of "Pazarbaşı Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa", the family tie is not entirely consistent within the book.

When one comes to the generation of the grandsons, it is seen that the family's position changed. In one branch an Alay kâtibi and a pasha of the rank of mirliva were raised, while in the other branch there remained grandsons who in the early twentieth century made their living as a dealer in manufactured goods, a grocer and a bath-keeper. That Hüsameddin brings this genealogical record down to 1328 [1910] suggests that he knew the family personally in his own time.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 98–98. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

Volume 6 contents

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