AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Ahmed Çelebi — Mevlânâ Şemseddîn es-Sûfî

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 6, p. 121 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Recep Orhan ÖZEL - Doç. Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Mehmed Çelebi mahdûmudur. Müfti’s-sakaleyn demekle meşhûr olan Gümüşlüzâde Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi’den ulûm [378] ve müşârün-ileyhin sohbetinde tasfiye-i derûn ederek tedrîs ve irşâda me’zûn oldu. Gümüşlüzâde zâviyesinde icrâ-yı meşîhat ve câmiinde kırk va’az u tezkîre muvâzabet ve Sofular Mahallesi’nde ikâmet etmekte iken 851’de vefât etdi. Meşâhîr-i ulemâdan meşâyîh-i sûfiyyeden olup halvetî-meşreb, münzevî bir zât idi. “Sofî şeyh” demekle meşhûr idi. Mahdûmu Ali Çelebi’dir.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was the son of Mehmed Çelebi. He learned from Gümüşlüzâde Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi, who was known by the epithet "mufti of humans and jinn"; purifying his heart in his company, he received permission to teach and to act as a spiritual guide. He died in 851 [1447-48] while serving as sheikh at the Gümüşlüzâde zaviye, regularly keeping up the forty sermon and counsel gatherings in the mosque of the same place, and living in the Sofular Quarter. He was one of the well-known scholars and Sufi sheikhs, a man of Halvetî disposition who lived in seclusion. He was known as "Sofî Şeyh". His son is Ali Çelebi.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • müfti's-sakaleyn: mufti of humans and jinn; a title of praise given to a scholar
  • tasfiye-i derûn: purifying the inner world, the heart
  • tedrîs ve irşâd: teaching and showing the right path, spiritual guidance
  • me'zûn: having received permission, licensed
  • icrâ-yı meşîhat: carrying out the office of sheikh
  • va'az u tezkîre muvâzabet: keeping up sermon and counsel gatherings without interruption
  • meşâyîh-i sûfiyye: Sufi sheikhs
  • halvetî-meşreb: on the Halvetî path, of Halvetî disposition
  • münzevî: withdrawn into seclusion, living apart from the people

His Teacher Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi and the Gümüşlüoğlu Tekke

Ahmed Çelebi's teacher Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi belongs to the first generation of Halvetîism in Amasya. According to research on the Halvetiyye tekkes, the Halvetî path came to the city with Pîr Şücâeddin İlyas, who returned to Amasya in 1406 after Timur's death; Hâce Celâl Çelebi, a relative of Pîr İlyas, a year after the sheikh's arrival built the Gümüşlüoğlu Tekke, also called Tâciye, and gave it to the service of the order. This tekke is the first in Amasya set aside only for the Halvetîs. After Pîr İlyas's death the sheikhship of the tekke passed to his son-in-law Abdurrahman Çelebi, who died in 827 [1424]. In the part of his book that tells of the governorship of Yörgüç Pasha, Hüsameddin too writes that in Ramadan 827 Gümüşlüzâde Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi, sheikh of the Pîr İlyas Halvetî Zaviye, died and Sheikh Hamîdeddîn Mehmed Çelebi took his place.

Abdurrahman Çelebi was at the same time a mufti in Amasya, composed Turkish poems under the pen-name "Hüsâmî", and was an ecstatic sheikh fond of the sema. Because the family's original home was the town of Gümüş attached to Amasya, they were called "Gümüşlüoğlu". The title "müfti's-sakaleyn" in the article is an exaggerated praise made of his being both mufti and sheikh. It is recorded that in the tomb of Pîr İlyas, beside the sheikh, lie his son-in-law Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi and his grandson Pîr Hayreddin Hızır Çelebi, and that for this reason it is called the "Pirler Tomb"; the tomb is today among the most visited places in the city.

The Zaviye's Mosque and the Sofular Quarter

Hüsameddin says that Ahmed Çelebi preached in the "mosque" of the Gümüşlüzâde zaviye. The first construction of the Gümüşlü Mosque, which today stands opposite the Hükümet Bridge and overlooks Yavuz Selim Square from above, is dated to 1326 and attributed to Tâceddin Mahmud Çelebi. The first, wooden-roofed building collapsed in the earthquake of 1419 and was rebuilt in 1491 by Defterdar Mahmud Bey. That the mosque is called "Gümüşlü" today is from after the repair made in 1688 by Gümüşlüzâde İbrahim Bey. Judging by these dates, it is uncertain whether the place where Ahmed Çelebi preached between 1424 and 1447 is the same as today's mosque; the zaviye's own mescit may have been meant.

The Sofular Quarter where Ahmed Çelebi lived bears the same name today. The best-known building of the quarter is the Sofular (Abdullah Pasha) Mosque, built in 1502 as a darülhadis by Abdullah Pasha, beylerbeyi of Bayezid II; this building belongs to about half a century after Ahmed Çelebi. It is plausible that the quarter's name comes from the Sufis, that is, from the tekke circle; that Ahmed Çelebi, called "Sofî Şeyh", lived here recalls this link, but no information resting on a document was found on the origin of the name.

No information about Ahmed Çelebi himself or his son Ali Çelebi was found in other sources.

Bibliography

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