Amasyalıdır. Konya kadısı olup Amasya’da medfûn olan Pîr Hasan Çelebi ahfâdından Hüseyin Çelebi bin Kâsım Çelebi bin Pîr Hasan Çelebi mahdûmudur. Fuzalâdan Mevlânâ Sinâneddîn Yûsuf Çelebi’den okudu. Ba’dehû ders-i âm ve Yörgüç Paşa [243] Medresesine müderris oldu.
Şehzâdeliğinde Sultân Bâyezîd Hân’ın teveccühâtından müstefîd olduğu münâsebetle 883 vak’asında İskilip kadısı olarak Amasya’dan uzaklaştırıldı. Ba’dehû ma’zûlen orada kaldı.
886’da Sultân Bâyezîd Hân’ın cülûsu üzerine avdetle Halfet Gâzi ve 890’da Mehmed Paşa Medresesi hitâmında müderrisi, ba’dehû 896’da Sultân Bâyezîd Medresesi müderrisi ve Amasya müftüsü oldu. Ba’dehû Ankara kadısı ve birkaç yıl da Amasya kadısı olup 910 sâline doğru vefât etdi. Kibâr-ı ulemâdan idi.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Hüseyin Çelebi, son of Kâsım Çelebi, son of Pîr Hasan Çelebi, a descendant of Pîr Hasan Çelebi, who had been a judge (kadı) of Konya and is buried in Amasya. Among the scholars, he studied under Mevlânâ Sinâneddin Yûsuf Çelebi. He later began to teach and became a müderris (madrasa professor) at the Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa.
Because he had enjoyed the favor of Sultan Bayezid Han while the latter was still a prince, he was made judge (kadı) of İskilip at the time of the events of 883 [1478-79] and so removed from Amasya. He afterwards stayed there, having been dismissed from office.
When Sultan Bayezid Han ascended the throne in 886 [1481], he returned to Amasya and became müderris at the Halfet Gazi Madrasa, and in 890 [1485] at the Mehmed Pasha Madrasa, whose construction had just been completed. Later, in 896 [1490-91], he became müderris of the Sultan Bayezid Madrasa and mufti of Amasya. After that he served as judge (kadı) of Ankara and then, for several years, as judge of Amasya, and died around 910 [1504-05]. He was one of the great scholars.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- medfûn: buried
- ahfâd: grandchildren, descendants
- teveccühât: closeness, favors
- müstefîd: one who benefits
- vak'a: event
- ma'zûlen: having been dismissed from office
- avdet: return
- hitâm: end, completion
- kibâr-ı ulemâ: great scholars
The Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa
The madrasa where Kadızâde Ebüssuûd first taught belonged to the complex of the Yörgüç Pasha Mosque in Amasya, which is still open for worship today. According to some sources the mosque was built by Yörgüç Pasha in 1428; a study on Amasya in the age of the princes (şehzades) states that the complex was built in 1431 and consisted of a mosque, a tomb, a soup kitchen (imarethane) and a madrasa of four rooms. Yörgüç Pasha served for a time as sanjak governor of Amasya; when Murad, son of Çelebi Mehmed, was sent to Amasya at a young age, he stayed here as the prince's lala (tutor), and he rose to the rank of vizier under Murad II. The mosque is one of the inverted-T plan mosques common in Amasya; its arches built of red and white marble give the building a colorful appearance. The madrasa itself has not survived. A survey of the Amasya madrasas records that the Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa was counted among the first-class madrasas, at the level of 60 akçe, that wooden rooms were later added to the east of the courtyard to enlarge it, and that these additions were demolished in 1855.
The Events of 883
The event Hüsameddin calls "the incident of 883" must relate to the measures Mehmed the Conqueror took against the circle around his son Prince Bayezid in Amasya. The best-known example from the same years is Müeyyedzâde Abdurrahman Efendi. After complaints that Bayezid was being accustomed in Amasya to pleasures, drink and entertainment, the Conqueror ordered Müeyyedzâde's execution; on hearing this, Prince Bayezid arranged in 884 (1479) for Müeyyedzâde to flee to Aleppo. Kadızâde Ebüssuûd's removal from Amasya with the judgeship of İskilip, "because he had enjoyed the favor of Sultan Bayezid," appears to be a milder instance of the same purge. The one-year difference between Hüsameddin's date of 883 and the date of 884 given for Müeyyedzâde may be explained by the events having stretched over the winter of 1478-79; this is a conjecture. When Bayezid ascended the throne in 886 (1481), Müeyyedzâde returned to Ottoman lands from Shiraz and Kadızâde from İskilip to Amasya.
The Mehmed Pasha and Sultan Bayezid Madrasas
Hüsameddin says Kadızâde became müderris in 890 (1485) at the Mehmed Pasha Madrasa, "whose construction had been completed." Present-day sources give a later date for this madrasa: according to the survey of the Amasya madrasas, Hızır Paşazâde Mehmed Pasha had the masonry madrasa in the courtyard of the Mehmed Pasha Mosque built in 1494; the study on the age of the princes likewise states that the Mehmed Pasha complex was built in 1495 and consisted of a mosque, a soup kitchen, a tomb and a madrasa. 1494-95 corresponds to the Hijri years 899-900. Either Hüsameddin's date of 890 is a copying error, or the madrasa was completed before the complex as a whole. With the available sources it was not possible to resolve this difference.
The Sultan Bayezid Madrasa, which Kadızâde reached in 896 (1490-91), is part of the Bayezid II Complex. According to the inscription of the complex's mosque it was completed in Receb 891 (July 1486), and its endowment deed (vakfiye) was written in mid-Cemâziyelevvel 901 (January 1496). The deed shows the complex as consisting of a mosque, a soup kitchen, a madrasa and a children's school (sıbyan mektebi). The professorship of the madrasa was assigned to the mufti of Amasya, and this condition was observed until 1673. Hüsameddin's presenting Kadızâde as both müderris of this madrasa and mufti of Amasya fits this arrangement. The complex's mosque, madrasa and soup kitchen still stand today.
The Halfet Gazi Madrasa, where Kadızâde became müderris in 886, partly stands today in the Şamice neighborhood. No information was found in other sources on Kadızâde Ebüssuûd Mehmed Efendi himself, on his grandfather Pîr Hasan Çelebi, or on his teacher Sinâneddin Yûsuf Çelebi.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 82–82. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Selim Özcan, "Amasya'da Sancak Beyliği Yapan Şehzadeler Döneminde Amasya Şehri", Amasya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 5 (2015), p. 69-95. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/19685
- Semavi Eyice, "Beyazıt II Camii ve Külliyesi (Amasya)", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/beyazit-ii-camii-ve-kulliyesi--amasya
- Aynur Durukan, "Hilfet Gazi Medresesi ve Türbesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 18, 1998. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hilfet-gazi-medresesi-ve-turbesi
Official sources
Books