AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · DÖRDÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Hüseyin Pasha (Küçük Alizâde)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 623 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Esbak Amasya Miralayı Küçük Ali Bey’in mahdûmudur. “Küçük Ali Beyzâde” demekle meşhûrdur.⁶⁸⁸ 1115 senesi cumâdelâhiresinin on birinde Amasya mutasarrıfı ve birâderzâdesi Yeğen Ali Ağa bin Ahmed Bey de Amasya mütesellimi oldu.⁶⁸⁹

Recebin dokuzuncu günü Sadr-ı a’zam Ahmed Paşa azl u nefy edildi. İmâm-ı Sultânî Deli Emîr Mustafa Efendi Kıbrıs’a gönderilip orada boğduruldu. Ramazân içinde Şeyhülislâm Hâfız Mehmed Efendi de azl edilip Bursa’ya gönderildi.

Şevvâlin gurresinde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya kadısı olup Kurban Bayramı’nın ikinci günü Müftü Zanalı es-Seyyid el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi’nin azliyle Torumtay Müderrisi Hacı Efendizâde el-Hâc Ömer Efendi bin Şeyh Mehmed Ağa bin Sarı Mehmed Ağa Amasya müftüsü oldu. Müteâkiben hasta yatan baş a‘yân el-Hâc Abdülbâki Efendi vefât etdi.

1116 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Yeğen es-Seyyid el-Hâc Hasan Ağa baş a‘yân olup on gün sonra Emîr Hacı ile Deli Emîr Paşa [237] zâde azl edilerek es-Seyyid Mahmûd Ağa nakîb kâ’im-makâmı ve Avkatlı İbrâhim Ağa alaybeyi oldu.

Rebîülâhirin yirmisinde ulûfeciyân-ı yemîn kethüdâsı Amasyalı Hüseyin Ağa bin Mehmed, Yeniçeri Ağası Tortumlu İbrâhim Ağa’nın şerrine uğrayıp azliyle Amasya’ya gönderildi. Müteâkiben İbrâhim Ağa da azl edildiğinden Hüseyin Ağa bâ-fermân-ı âlî Amasya şehir kethüdâsı oldu.⁶⁹⁰

Cumâdelûlânın yirmisekizinci günü Amasya Mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa’nın efendisi olan Kayseriyyeli Kalaylı Koz Ahmed Paşa sadrâzam olduğundan cumâdelâhirede Hüseyin Paşa vezâretle Bursa muhâfızı olup Amasya sancağı Serçeşme Ahmed Bey’e tevcîh edildi.

Footnotes

  • 688 Mukâta’at Defterinde “Kalaylı Koz Ahmed Paşa kethüdâsı Amasyalı Küçük Alizâde” diye yazılıdır.
  • 689 Bu Yeğen Ali Ağa, Amasya’da Yeğenzâdeler’in cedd-i a‘lâsıdır. Buna “Yeğen Ali Bey” denir. Hüseyin Paşa’nın yeğenidir.
  • 690 Bu Hüseyin Ağa Amasya’da Şehir Kethüdâsıoğullarının cedd-i a‘lâsıdır.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya, a son of the former miralay (alaybeyi) of Amasya, Küçük Ali Bey. He is known as "Küçük Ali Beyzâde." On the eleventh day of Cemâziyelâhir 1115 [1703] he became mutasarrıf (governor) of Amasya; his nephew Yeğen Ali Ağa, son of Ahmed Bey, became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya.

On the ninth day of Receb Grand Vizier Ahmed Pasha was dismissed and exiled. The sultan's imam Deli Emîr Mustafa Efendi was sent to Cyprus and strangled there. During Ramazan Şeyhülislâm Hâfız Mehmed Efendi was also dismissed and sent to Bursa.

On the first day of Şevval İbrâhim Efendi became kadı (judge) of Amasya. On the second day of the Feast of the Sacrifice, upon the dismissal of the mufti Zanalı es-Seyyid el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi, Hacı Efendizâde el-Hâc Ömer Efendi, son of Şeyh Mehmed Ağa, son of Sarı Mehmed Ağa, professor of the Torumtay Madrasa, became mufti of Amasya. Then the head notable (baş âyan) el-Hâc Abdülbâki Efendi, who had been bedridden for some time, died.

On the first day of Muharrem 1116 [1704] Yeğen es-Seyyid el-Hâc Hasan Ağa became head notable. Ten days later Emîr Hacı and Deli Emîr Paşazâde were dismissed; es-Seyyid Mahmûd Ağa became deputy of the naqib (naqib kaymakamı), and Avkatlı İbrâhim Ağa alaybeyi.

On the twentieth of Rebîülâhir, Hüseyin Ağa of Amasya, son of Mehmed, steward of the company of the right-hand salaried cavalry (sağ ulûfeciler), having suffered the malice of the Janissary Agha İbrâhim Ağa of Tortum, was dismissed and sent to Amasya. Shortly after, since İbrâhim Ağa too was dismissed, Hüseyin Ağa became city steward of Amasya by the sultan's decree.

On the twenty-eighth day of Cemâziyelevvel, Kalaylı Koz Ahmed Pasha of Kayseri, who was the master of the governor of Amasya, Hüseyin Pasha, became grand vizier. Thereupon in Cemâziyelâhir Hüseyin Pasha became guardian (muhafız) of Bursa with a vizierate, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to Serçeşme Ahmed Bey.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mîrâlây: alaybeyi, commander of the timar-holding sipahis in a sanjak
  • mahdûm: son
  • birâderzâde: brother's son, nephew
  • azl u nefy: dismissal and exile
  • imâm-ı sultânî: the sultan's imam
  • müderris: madrasa professor
  • ulûfeciyân-ı yemîn: the company of the right-hand salaried cavalry among the cavalry of the Porte
  • şer: malice, harm
  • bâ-fermân-ı âlî: by the sultan's decree
  • şehir kethüdâsı: the local official who represents the city's people and tradesmen before the administration
  • efendi: here, the senior person in whose service someone was and to whom he was attached
  • muhâfız: military administrator of an important city or fortress
  • cedd-i a'lâ: the greatest ancestor of a lineage

The Life of Küçük Alizâde Hüseyin Pasha

Hüseyin Pasha's life is told in detail in the entry "Hüseyin Paşa-Küçük Alizâde" in Hüsameddin's biographical volume. According to it, he is the youngest son of Küçük Ali Bey, one of the great zeamet holders of Amasya; his elder brothers are the beys Ahmed, Mehmed and Hasan. In his youth he entered the Enderun, was enrolled in the Baltacı Corps and, after being trained, became steward of the baltacıs. Here he formed a friendship with Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha of Kayseri; in Muharrem 1099, upon the change of reign, he was dismissed and removed from the palace, and a few months later, when Ahmed Pasha became grand admiral (kaptan-ı derya), he entered his household and became his steward. In 1104 he served as mütesellim of Sivas during the pasha's governorship of Sivas; in 1108, when his master's vizierate was abolished, he came to Amasya in exile; in 1109, as tax farmer of a tax item of the sanjaks of Sivas, Amasya and Çorum, he gained a great fortune in five years. In Rebîülevvel 1114, when Daltaban Mustafa Pasha became grand vizier, he became serçeşme in his household; on 11 Cemâziyelâhir 1115 he became governor of Amasya with the rank of beylerbeyi, and during his master's grand vizierate, on 8 Cemâziyelâhir 1116, guardian of Bursa with a vizierate.

According to the rest of the biography, Hüseyin Pasha came to Istanbul as janissary agha in Receb 1116; upon his master's dismissal from the grand vizierate on 27 Şaban he too was dismissed and sent to his former post, the guardianship of Bursa. In Cemâziyelevvel 1118 he became governor of Egypt, was dismissed in Cemâziyelâhir 1119, and died on the way back. Hüsameddin describes him as "a person of discernment, fit to be employed." His daughter Fatıma Hanım lived in Amasya, in 1148 had a madrasa built in the Mehmed Pasha Quarter and endowed her properties to this madrasa, stipulating that the administratorship of the waqf go to Yeğen Ali Beyzâde İbrâhim Bey and his children.

The Confusion of Names in the Sources

In Hüseyin Pasha's biography Hüsameddin makes a correction aimed at Râşid Mehmed Efendi's history. In one place Râşid writes that "Bosnavî Hüseyin Pasha, who was steward of Grand Vizier Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha and guardian of Bursa with a vizierate in his grand vizierate," was invited and made janissary agha, and in recounting his dismissal that "Bosnavî Hasan Pasha, who became janissary agha by Kalaylı Ahmed Pasha's will," was dismissed and sent to his former post, the sanjak of Hüdavendigâr (Bursa). Hüsameddin says there are two pen errors here: the person who rose from the stewardship of Kalaylı Ahmed Pasha is not Hasan but Küçük Alizâde Hüseyin Pasha; and this Hüseyin Pasha is not from Bosnia but from Amasya, which is established by financial records, sharia court registers and his family's being from Amasya, the Bosnian Hüseyin Pasha being another person. The Mukataat Register record that Hüsameddin cites in his footnote in this entry also describes the pasha as "Küçük Alizâde of Amasya, steward of Kalaylı Koz Ahmed Pasha."

Lists of janissary aghas compiled today carry traces of this confusion. In one of these lists, for the year 1704 the names "Bosnian Hasan Ağa," "İbrahim Ağa," "Koca Hasan Ağa" and "Hüseyin Ağa, steward of Koz Ahmed Pasha" appear one after another; Tortumlu İbrâhim Ağa is placed in early 1705. Setting aside the inconsistency of the dates in the list, the recording that a Hüseyin Ağa who was steward of Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha was janissary agha in these years supports Hüsameddin's correction.

A similar situation exists regarding the governorship of Egypt. In compiled lists of Ottoman governors of Egypt, Dellak Ali Pasha appears in 1706-1707. But in the notes of the same list it is stated that Mehmed Süreyya's Sicill-i Osmânî shows "the steward" (kethüda) Hüseyin Pasha as governor of Egypt exactly in this period, while in its own list it gives Dellak Ali Pasha and writes that in the same year someone called "Kethüda Hasan Ağa" followed him. It is highly probable that this Hüseyin Pasha, mentioned with the epithet "kethüda," is the Küçük Alizâde Hüseyin Pasha whom Hüsameddin writes was governor of Egypt in 1118-1119; Hüsameddin's record has value as a testimony that can serve to illuminate this confused period.

His Master Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha's Grand Vizierate

Hüseyin Pasha's rise depends from beginning to end on his master Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha. According to compilations on his life, Ahmed Pasha, born in a village of Kayseri and noted to be of Greek (Rum) origin, entered the palace when young and was enrolled in the Baltacı Corps; after the coffee-service chiefship (kahvecibaşılık) and the water-carriers' chiefship (sakabaşılık) he rose through the governorship of Jeddah, in 1688 the governorship of Van, and in the same year the grand admiralty. In 1693, while deputy grand vizier in Istanbul, he won the people's love by enforcing the price ceiling (narh) and preventing the black market; in 1696, because of his negligence in the fall of Azov, he had to hide, and in 1699 he was pardoned. It is also rumored that his epithet comes from his father's being a tinsmith and from his being made to wait in the room of the kozbekçis in the palace when he was brought to the grand vizierate.

His coming to the grand vizierate is told in detail in Reşad Ekrem Koçu's İstanbul Ansiklopedisi: to Ahmed III, weary of the greed of Grand Vizier Enişte Hasan Pasha, the chief of the girls' quarters (kızlar ağası) Uzun Süleyman Ağa proposed Ahmed Pasha, saying "there is no vizier like Kalaylı Pasha"; the pasha, receiving the sultan's invitation (hatt), boarded a ship with a few men and came to Istanbul, was secretly hosted in the room of the kozbekçis in the palace, and, when the seal was taken from Enişte Hasan Pasha, was received in audience at the Baghdad Kiosk and became grand vizier (28 Cemâziyelevvel 1116 = 27 September 1704). The date of 28 Cemâziyelevvel that Hüsameddin gives coincides exactly with this. Ahmed Pasha's grand vizierate lasted two months and twenty-seven days; he was dismissed on 25 December 1704. In Dilek Seniha Cenez's study this date is given as 27 Şaban 1116; Hüsameddin's placing Hüseyin Pasha's dismissal from the janissary aghaship on 27 Şaban "following his master's dismissal from the grand vizierate" falls on the same day. After his dismissal Kalaylıkoz Ahmed Pasha was exiled to Mytilene, served in later years as guardian of Chania and Lepanto, and died in Lepanto in January 1715.

The Purge of the Edirne Incident

The three events in the entry's second paragraph are the view from Amasya of Ahmed III's removing one by one the persons the rebels had brought to power after the revolt of 1703. According to Abdülkadir Özcan's entry, the seal was taken from the hands of Grand Vizier Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha on 8 Receb 1115 (17 November 1703), and the next day, that is, on 9 Receb as Hüsameddin gives it, he was exiled to Chios. Şeyhülislâm İmam Mehmed Efendi was also dismissed on 18 Ramazan 1115 (25 January 1704) and sent to Bursa for compulsory residence. About the strangling in Cyprus of Deli Emîr Mustafa Efendi of Lâdik no information was found in other sources. Since it is known that Feyzullah Efendi's family was also exiled to Cyprus, it is understood that the island was one of the places to which those who fell from favor were sent in these years.

The Torumtay Madrasa and Hacı Efendizâde Ömer Efendi

The Torumtay Madrasa, of which Hacı Efendizâde Ömer Efendi, brought to the muftiship of Amasya, was professor, is the building known today as the Gökmedrese Mosque. According to Fazilet Koçyiğit's study, the work is also called the Torumtay Mosque after its founder; its founder is Seyfeddin Torumtay, governor of Amasya in the time of Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev II, and this information is learned from the surviving Torumtay waqf deed. Since it has no inscription, its construction date is not certain; some researchers, going by the waqf deed, date the building to 665 (1266-67). The conditions in the deed show that separate revenue was allotted for education and for the muezzin and that the building was used as both mosque and madrasa. Koçyiğit also reports that Hüsameddin gives the names of the professors who worked in this madrasa and that the first professor was the physician Gıyaseddin Mahmud-ı Garmînî. The tomb of Seyfeddin Torumtay, opposite the Gökmedrese, was built in 1278.

Ömer Efendi's genealogical record ties him to the Hacı Efendizâde family named in the previous entry: he too, like the guardian of Belgrade Hacı Efendizâde Ali Pasha, is a grandson of Sarı Mehmed Ağa. Thus within the same year one member of this family rose to Belgrade with a vizierate and another to the muftiship of Amasya.

The Yeğenzâdes and the Şehir Kethüdâsıoğulları

The footnotes report that two persons named in the entry were ancestors of two long-lived families in Amasya. The mütesellim Yeğen Ali Ağa is the son of Hüseyin Pasha's elder brother Ahmed Bey; according to Hüsameddin's biographical volume he is both nephew and son-in-law of the pasha, and his lineage "to this day is famous as the Yeğenzâdes." It should be recalled that in the book Yeğen Ali Bey appears often before this entry as head notable and mütesellim, and that his influence drew attention in the investigation of the fire of 1113.

Hüseyin Ağa, son of Mehmed, brought to the city stewardship, is the ancestor of the Şehir Kethüdâsıoğulları (Sons of the City Steward) in Amasya. According to the entry "Hüseyin Ağa-Kethüdâ" in the biographical volume, he is the son of Mehmed, a janissary of Amasya; raised in the Janissary Corps, he became steward of the company of the right-hand salaried cavalry, was dismissed in Rebîülâhir 1116 after suffering the malice of the janissary agha and sent to Amasya, became city steward of Amasya by the sultan's decree and died in mid-Rebîülevvel 1119. About Tortumlu İbrâhim Ağa, apart from his name being placed in early 1705 in the list of janissary aghas, no information was found in other sources.

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