Amasyalıdır. Muzafferüddîn Fağfur Paşa Vakfı mütevellîsi Abdullah Çelebi bin Hasan Çelebi bin İshak Bey’in mahdûmudur. [72] Züamâdan olup hayli muhârebâta iştirâk ederek terakkiyâta nâil oldu. Bin hudûdunda Amasya Alay beyi olup makamında tekerrür etdi. 1009’da Karayazıcı Harbinde şehîden vefât eyledi. Birâderi Sefer Bey’dir.
Çerkes İshak Bey Beylerbeyilerden Amasyalı Hacı Beyzâde Mehmed Paşa’nın kölesidir. Efendisi sâyesinde züamâdan olup hayli muhârebâta girdi. Meşâhir-i züamâdan olup 1016’da Eşkiya harbinde vefât etdi. Oğlu Mehmed Bey’dir.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. He was the son of Abdullah Çelebi, trustee of the Muzafferüddin Fağfur Pasha Waqf; Abdullah Çelebi was the son of Hasan Çelebi, and Hasan Çelebi the son of İshak Bey. He was among the zeamet holders; he took part in many wars and rose. Around 1000 [1591-92] he became alay bey of Amasya and was appointed to the same post several times. In 1009 [1600-01] he died as a martyr in the war against Karayazıcı. His brother is Sefer Bey.
Çerkes İshak Bey was the slave of Hacı Beyzâde Mehmed Pasha of Amasya, one of the beylerbeyis. Thanks to his master he became a zeamet holder and entered many wars. He was among the famous zeamet holders; he died in 1016 [1607-08] in the war against the brigands. His son is Mehmed Bey.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mütevellî: waqf administrator
- züamâ: zeamet holders; mounted commanders granted a military land grant of high income
- terakkiyât: advancements, promotions
- nâil olmak: to attain, to obtain
- Alay beyi: commander of the mounted troops of a sanjak
- tekerrür etmek: to recur, to be repeated
- şehîden vefât: to die as a martyr
- birâder: brother
- meşâhir-i züamâ: famous zeamet holders
- eşkıya harbi: war against the brigands, that is, the Celali rebels
The War Against Karayazıcı
Karayazıcı Abdülhalim was the first great leader of the Celali revolts, who rose in the region of Sivas and Maraş in 1598. He had gathered some twenty thousand sekbans and defeated the forces sent by the governors of the region; among his followers Deli Zülfikar of Amasya is also mentioned. The state tried to pacify him by appointing him first to the beylik of Ayıntab and then to the sanjak of Amasya; Karayazıcı stayed six months in Amasya and was then appointed to Çorum. But the sekbans in his retinue did not give up plunder and oppression. In the summer of 1600 the army of Hacı İbrahim Pasha was defeated near Kayseri, and then Sokullu Hasan Pasha ambushed the rebels near Elbistan on 12 August 1601; Karayazıcı fled to the Canik mountains and died soon after. Hüsameddin gives 1009; this year corresponds to 1600-01 and covers one of these engagements against Karayazıcı. Since the sources do not state in which engagement he died, this matching is not certain.
Alay Bey of Amasya
Hüsameddin writes that İshak Bey was appointed alay bey of Amasya around 1000 and "recurred in his post", that is, was appointed to the same office several times. The dates and details of these appointments are not given in the sources read. That Karayazıcı himself was appointed briefly to the sanjak of Amasya in 1600 suggests a direct link between İshak Bey's place of service and this revolt; no source states this explicitly.
Çerkes İshak Bey and the War Against the Brigands
The second part of the entry recalls the period after Karayazıcı. The Celali revolts led to a period of disorder in Anatolia, called the "great flight", until 1608; those who fled the villages took refuge in the cities. In 1606 the grand vizier Kuyucu Murad Pasha defeated Canbuladoğlu Ali Pasha. The year 1016 [1607-08], when Çerkes İshak Bey died, falls within this period; no information was found in the sources read about the engagement in which he died or about the identity of his master, Hacı Beyzâde Mehmed Pasha of Amasya.
The Fağfur Pasha Waqf
In the searches made, no record was found in other sources about the Muzafferüddin Fağfur Pasha Waqf or Abdullah Çelebi's trusteeship. The identity of Fağfur Pasha in Amasya and the present condition of the waqf could not be verified.
Origins of the Celali Revolts
The name Celali goes back to Bozoklu Şeyh Celâl, who rebelled in 1519. At first groups discontented with Ottoman rule and Turkmen incited by the Safavids rose against the state; after 1590, bands made up of peasants who had abandoned their land, suhtes, and unemployed levends and sekbans gathered around ringleaders and the movement turned into an all-out revolt. After Karayazıcı, his brother Deli Hasan besieged Ankara in 1602, but came to terms with the state and was appointed beylerbeyi of Bosnia. In this period people in Anatolia fled the villages and took refuge in the cities; the "great flight" lasted until 1608. The deaths of the two İshak Beys fall within this period.
Bibliography