Amasya‘da tahsîl-i ilim edib ba’zı meşâyihden inâbe ederek Halvetî meşâyihinden oldu. 1099’da Gümüşlüzâde Tekkesi şeyhi ve 1109’da Helkis Köprüsü başındaki Garibler Câmii imâmı oldu. 1126’da vefât etdi. Ulemâ-yı meşâyihden hâfız-ı Kur’ân, müttakî bir imâm idi.
Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL
İsrâfil Efendi, Şeyh
Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 289 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ
Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)
Our Research Article
Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk
In Modern English
He studied in Amasya and, after attaching himself to certain sheikhs, became one of the Halvetî sheikhs. In 1099 [1687-88] he became sheikh of the Gümüşlüzâde Tekke, and in 1109 [1697-98] imam of the Garibler Mosque at the head of the Helkıs Bridge. He died in 1126 [1714-15]. He was a scholar among the sheikhs, a hafiz of the Qur'an, and a God-fearing imam.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- tahsîl-i ilim: acquiring learning
- meşâyih: sheikhs
- inâbe: turning to a sheikh and attaching oneself to him
- ulemâ-yı meşâyih: scholars who also served as sheikhs
- hâfız-ı Kur'ân: one who knows the whole Qur'an by heart
- müttakî: God-fearing, one who avoids sin
- tekke: a building where members of a Sufi order gather, perform dhikr and hold conversation, and where dervishes stay
Which Building Is the Gümüşlüzâde Tekke
The tekke named in the entry is the building known today as the Yâkub Paşa Tekke, in the Pîrler quarter of Amasya; among the people it is also called the Çilehâne Tekke. Pazarlıoğlu Yâkub Paşa, Beylerbey of Ankara, founded the tekke in 815 (1412), and its endowment deed was registered in Dhu al-Qa'da 815 (February 1413) by the judge of Amasya, Mevlânâ Rükneddin Mahmud, known as Sarı Kadı. Yâkub Paşa built and endowed this tekke, which belonged to the Halvetiyye order, for the mufti Şeyh Gümüşlüzâde Abdurrahman Çelebi (d. 903/1497-98). The tekke's second name therefore comes from its first sheikh, Gümüşlüzâde Abdurrahman Çelebi. Hüsameddin too says that the tekke stood within the Yâkub Paşa Mansion.
The Chain of Sheikhs and the Sheikh in the Text
After Gümüşlüzâde, the leadership of the tekke passed to figures whom the people of Amasya call the "silsiletü'z-zeheb" (golden chain): beginning with Pîr Abdurrahman Çelebi, son-in-law of Abdurrahman Çelebi, followed by Şemseddin Mehmed Buhârî, his son Celâleddin Abdurrahman Çelebi, Saraçlar Pîri Sun'ullah Halvetî and others, in turn. In the later period Şeyh Mehmed Efendi (d. 1099/1688), Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi, his son Seyyid Mehmed Efendi, Hâfız Seyyid Mahmud Efendi and Hâfız Seyyid Abdullah Efendi (d. 1214/1800) are mentioned.
İsrâfil Efendi's name does not appear in this list. That Hüsameddin makes İsrâfil Efendi sheikh of the tekke in 1099 [1687-88] coincides with the same year as the entry "Şeyh Mehmed Efendi (d. 1099)" in the list of sheikhs. This suggests that İsrâfil Efendi may have succeeded Mehmed Efendi that year or been mentioned together with him; but this is an inference and could not be verified in the sources.
The Part of the Tekke Turned into a Madrasa
In 1031 (1622), when a dispute arose over the leadership between the preacher Şeyh Hüsâmeddin Efendi and Şeyh Abdi Efendi, a madrasa was set up in the mosque and the cell units connected to it, and its professorship was given to Abdi Efendi. The tekke function was continued in the room at the northeast corner and in the tevhidhâne, and the leadership was left to Hüsâmeddin Efendi. In other words, about sixty years before İsrâfil Efendi's time as sheikh, the building was already being used as both a madrasa and a tekke.
The Building Today
The Yâkub Paşa Tekke was damaged in earthquakes; the building, damaged in the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, was repaired in 1967. It is among the rare Sufi buildings that have come down from the early Ottoman period in their original form. Around a barrel-vaulted corridor are arranged the mosque, twelve vaulted units with hearths (six halvethâne cells and six dervish cells), the tevhidhâne, the sheikh's room and the tomb. The wrought-iron door of the tomb bears two signatures and is counted among the outstanding examples of early Ottoman metalwork. The plan of this building was not continued in later Halvetî tekkes.
The Garibler Mosque and the Helkıs Bridge
According to the text, İsrâfil Efendi became imam of the Garibler Mosque at the head of the Helkıs Bridge in 1109 (1697-98). In the searches carried out, no other source was found on the date, location or present state of this mosque; the same applies to the Helkıs Bridge.
Bibliography
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 289–289. amasya.bel.tr