AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · ESER VE YAZAR HAKKINDA · 2. AMASYA TARİHİ HAKKINDA · 2.4. Eserin Kaynakları · 2.4.2. Arşiv Kaynakları

Musakkafât and Mahlûlât Registers

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Introduction: The Work and Its Author, p. 65–66 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Songül KEÇECİ KURT

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Osmanlı Devleti’nde müsakkafât denilen dükkan, depo, fırın, mağaza, mahsen, oda ve benzeri icar getiren emlak ile kurulan vakıflar mevcuttur. Bu emlakların türü ve miktarı, bu tür vakıfların intikalleri ve benzeri bilgilerin kaydedildiği defterler önemli kaynaklar arasındadır.¹¹⁰ Bu defterlerde çeşitli vakıflara ait akârın yerleri, sınırları, işletim şekli, kira bedellerine dair kayıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bazı defterlerde icare, temessük, ferâğ ve intikâl kayıtları bulunsa da musakkafât kayıtlarının çoğunlukta olması sebebiyle bu defterlere Musakkafât Defterleri denilmiştir.¹¹¹ “Mahlûlât” geride mîrasçı bırakmadan ölen kimselerden vakıflara veya devlet hazînesine kalan topraklar, mallar, mîraslara denilmektedir. Bu toprakların, malların, mîrasların kaydedildiği defterlere de mahlûlât defterleri denilmektedir.¹¹² Her iki defter serisi yine vakıflarla ilgili kayıtlarda kullanılmıştır.

Footnotes

  • 110 Osman Köksal, Osmanlı Şehrinin Kandilleri Mi Sönüyor? 19. Yüzyıl Sonunda Selanik’te Maddi Müzâyaka İçerisine Düşen Bazı Vakıflar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, Osmanlı Dönemi Balkan Şehirleri 2, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, 2017, s. 725.
  • 111 https://www.vgm.gov.tr/kurumsal/vakif-kayitlar-arsivi/belge-ornekleri
  • 112 https://katalog.devletarsivleri.gov.tr
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

In the Ottoman state there were waqfs established with rent-yielding properties called musakkafât, such as shops, depots, bakeries, stores, warehouses, rooms and the like. The registers in which the type and quantity of these properties, the transfers (intikal) of such waqfs and similar information were recorded are among the important sources. These registers contain records on the locations, boundaries, manner of operation and rental prices of the income-producing properties belonging to various waqfs. Although some registers also contain records of leasing, temessük, ferâğ and intikal, these registers were called Musakkafât Registers because musakkafât records predominate. "Mahlûlât" is the name given to the lands, goods and inheritance that pass to waqfs or to the state treasury from persons who die leaving no heir. The registers in which these lands, goods and inheritances were recorded are likewise called mahlûlât registers. Both of these register series were again used for records concerning waqfs.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • musakkafât: roofed, income-yielding waqf buildings (such as houses, inns, shops, baths and mills)
  • akâr: real estate that provides income for a waqf
  • icare: leasing
  • temessük: a bond, a document
  • ferâğ: the transfer of the right to a property to another
  • intikâl: change of hands, passing
  • mahlûl: left without an owner, with no heir appearing

The Musakkafât Registers

The word musakkafât comes from the root sakf, meaning roof. In waqf terminology it was used for income-producing structures such as houses, inns, caravanserais, mansions, baths, mills, shops, workshops and marketplaces. The Musakkafât Registers in the archive of the General Directorate of Foundations are ten registers belonging to the years 1089-1293 in the hijri calendar (1679-1877 in the Gregorian). The description of this series agrees with the sentence in the introduction written for Hüsameddin's book: locations, boundaries, manner of operation, rental prices.

Mahlûlât and Waqfs

The term mahlûl also occurs in the mukâtaa system: when the malikâne holder died, the mukâtaa was regarded as mahlûl and put up for tender again. Here, by contrast, it describes ownerless property that passed to waqfs and the state. According to the entry Muhallefât, the muhallefât office dealt with matters concerning the estates of persons who died leaving no heir or whose heirs could not be determined, and if the goods could not be kept in kind they were converted into money.

Which waqfs Hüsameddin drew from these two register series cannot be learned from this introduction. References to these registers in the relevant entries must be sought out one by one.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Books

  • Osman Köksal, "Osmanlı Şehrinin Kandilleri Mi Sönüyor?", Osmanlı Dönemi Balkan Şehirleri 2, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara 2017, p. 719-732.

Introduction: The Work and Its Author contents