AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Ahmed Pasha (Hoca)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 570–571 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. İğnecizâde Hâce-i Sultânî Ömer Efendi’nin birâderi Hoca Ahmed Paşa’dır. 1057 senesi saferinin yirmi altıncı günü Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Girit Harbi’ne me’mûr oldu. Alaybeyi olan mahdûmu Mustafa Bey’le Girit’e gidip Sefer Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Çünkü Sefer Ağa, Muzaffereddîn Fağfûr Paşa evlâdından ve Amasya a‘yânından bir merd-i kerîm idi. Hacı Hamza Mahallesinde ikâmet ederdi. Gerek bunun ve gerek sâir mutasarrıfların istikâmeti sâyesinde Amasya’nın hakîkî mutasarrıfı olan Telli Hâre’nin ya’nî Hümâ Şâh Sultân’ın nüfûzu hissedilmez bir halde idi.

Amasya halkı, Telli Haseki’ye, “Telli Hâre” ünvânını vermişlerdi. Hâlâ bu şöhret Amasya’da bâkîdir. Gayet nâzik, az bir şeyden gücenen adamlara, “Telli hâre” denmektedir. Sefer Ağa, halk ile Telli Hâre’yi güzel idâre ederdi. Telli Hâre, yalnız Amasya havâssından kendisine mahsus vergiyi Sefer Ağa’dan alırdı. İdâre husûsâtına karışdırılmazdı.

Hoca Ahmed Paşa’nın zamanında Amasya Kalesi’ni tamire müsâade edildiğinden Has Odalı Yûsuf Ağa binâ emîni ve Hoca Ahmed Paşazâde Dede Ali Bey de mübâşir olup, Kal’a-i Bâlâ’nın her tarafı ve Aşağı İç Kale tamiratına başlandı.

Rebîülevvelde kibâr-ı mevâlîden Amasyalı Memikzâde Mustafa Efendi İstanbul kadısı ve müteâkiben mirâhur-ı şehriyârî Köprülü Hamamcı Mehmed Ağa da yeniçeri ağası oldu. [97]

Cumâdelûlâda Sivas Beylerbeyi Ankebût Ahmed Paşa’ya Konya Karaman Eyâleti verildiğinden vüzerâdan Bosnalı Vardar Ali Paşa Sivas vâlisi olup geldi.

Recebde Amasya Mevlevîhânesi şeyhi Ârif Mehmed Dede Efendi, ba’zı ahvâl ve harekâttan dolayı azledildiğinden yerine Mesnevîhân Mahmûd Dede Efendi mevlevîhâne şeyhi oldu. Arif Mehmed Dede Efendi de mahdûmu Abdülbâkî Dede ile İstanbul’a gitdi.

Bu esnada Şam Eyâleti Üçüncü Haseki Şîvekâr Sultân’a tevcîh edildiğinden vâlide kethüdâsı Mimârbaşı Kâsım Ağa’nın himmetiyle Ma‘arra Beyi olan Köprülü Mehmed Paşa Şam Eyâleti mütesellimi ve beylerbeyi kâ’im-makâmı oldu.

Şa’bânda Girit’e giden Amasya Kethüdâyeri Bâkî Paşazâde Habîb Ağa Mora Kasteli Kalesi’ni fethederek büyük bir şöhret aldığından şehîden vefât eden İznikî Beyzâde Ali Ağa yerine sipâhiler ağası oldu. Bu esnada Kıbrıs’tan ma‘zûl olan Geldiklânlı Ali Paşa Amasya’ya geldi.

Ramazân evâilinde Vardar Ali Paşa’dan Sivas vilâyeti nâmına otuz bin kuruş Ramazâniye ve Sivas’ta ikâmet eden İbşir Paşa’nın zevce-i menkûhası istenmişdi. İsteyen Sultân İbrâhim idi.

Ramazânın yirmi ikisine musâdif martın birinde Köprü a‘yânından Hacı Yûsuf Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi olup Amasya’ya geldi. [98]

Şevvâlin yirmi birinde Kudüs-i Şerîf Beylerbeyiliği de Şam Eyâleti mütesellimi ve beylerbeyi kâ’im-makâmı olan Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.⁶⁴⁸

Vardar Ali Paşa, dindar ve hamiyetperver bir zât idi. Ne istenilen parayı, ne de İbşir Paşa zevcesini göndermedi. Çünkü Sivas Vilayetinin elli yedi senesi vergisi kâmilen tahsîl edilip gönderilmişdi. Bir kimsenin zevce-i menkûhasını diğerine takdîm etmek de şer‘ u akla muhâlifti.

1058 senesi gurre-i muharreminde sâbık Şehr-i Zor Beylerbeyi Şemsi Paşazâde Ahmed Paşa ma‘zûlen gelip Saluzcu Karyesi a‘şârı kendisine hâs tâ‘yîn edildi. Birkaç gün sonra Hoca Ahmed Paşa yine Trabzon beylerbeyi olup Amasya sancağı selefi Hüseyin Paşa’ya Karahisar-ı Şarkî sancağıyla beraber tevcîh edildi.

Footnotes

  • 648 Evkâf Mahzeninde ele geçen telhisât listesinde şöyle yazılı gördüm: “Şam Beylerbeyiliği Kâ’im makâmlığı Üçüncü Haseki Şîvekâr Sultan tarafından Ma‘arra Beyi Köprülü Mehmed’e verilmekle Kudüs-i Şerîf ile Şam Eyâleti ka’im makâmlığı Hatt-ı Şerîf ile ihsan olunmağın emri yazılmak… 21 Eylül 1057”. Bunun altında “Hatt-ı Hümâyûn-ı saâdet-i makrûn ile Şam Eyâleti pâyesi sâbık Ma‘arra Beyi olup Şam kâ’im makâmı olan Mehmed’e verilmek… 22 Eylül 1057”.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He is Hoca Ahmed Pasha, of the İğnecizâde family, brother of Ömer Efendi, the sultan's tutor. On the twenty-sixth day of Safer 1057 [1647] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya and was assigned to the Cretan War. He went to Crete together with his son Mustafa Bey, who was alaybeyi; Sefer Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya.

For Sefer Ağa, of the lineage of Muzaffereddîn Fağfûr Pasha, was one of the notables of Amasya, a generous and brave man; he lived in the Hacı Hamza quarter. Thanks to the integrity both of him and of the other mutasarrıfs, the influence of Telli Hâre, that is Hümâ Şâh Sultan, who was the real mutasarrıf of Amasya, was hardly felt.

The people of Amasya had given the Telli Haseki the name "Telli Hâre". This name lives on in Amasya to this day: someone very delicate, who takes offence at a small thing, is called "telli hâre". Sefer Ağa managed both the people and Telli Hâre well. Telli Hâre took from Sefer Ağa only the tax set aside for herself from the hasses of Amasya, and was not involved in matters of administration.

In the time of Hoca Ahmed Pasha, since permission was granted for the repair of Amasya Castle, Has Odalı Yûsuf Ağa became bina emini (official in charge of building works) and Hoca Ahmed Paşazâde Dede Ali Bey became mübaşir (official who carried out the work), and the repair of every part of the Upper Castle and of the Lower Inner Castle was begun.

In Rebîülevvel, Memikzâde Mustafa Efendi of Amasya, one of the great mollas, became kadı of Istanbul; then Köprülü Hamamcı Mehmed Ağa, the sultan's mîrâhur (palace official in charge of the stables and horses), became agha of the janissaries.

In Cemaziyelevvel, when the Province of Konya-Karaman was given to Ankebût Ahmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas, Vardar Ali Pasha of Bosnia, one of the viziers, came as governor of Sivas.

In Recep, Ârif Mehmed Dede Efendi, sheikh of the Amasya Mevlevi lodge, was dismissed because of some of his attitudes and conduct; in his place Mahmûd Dede Efendi, the Mesnevîhân (reader of the Mesnevî), became sheikh of the Mevlevi lodge. Ârif Mehmed Dede Efendi went to Istanbul with his son Abdülbâkî Dede.

At this time, since the Province of Damascus was given to the Third Haseki Şîvekâr Sultan, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, who through the efforts of Mimarbaşı Kâsım Ağa, kethüda of the valide sultan, had become bey of Maarra, became mütesellim of the Province of Damascus and beylerbeyi kaymakamı (deputy).

In Şaban, Habîb Ağa, Bâkî Paşazâde, kethüdâyeri of Amasya (local commander of the sipahis of the sanjak), who had gone to Crete, won great fame by conquering the fortress of Mora Kasteli and became sipahiler ağası in place of İznikî Beyzâde Ali Ağa, who fell as a martyr. At this time Geldiklânlı Ali Pasha, who had been dismissed from Cyprus, came to Amasya.

At the beginning of Ramazan, thirty thousand kuruş as ramazaniye (holiday gift) in the name of the province of Sivas, and the lawfully wedded wife of İbşir Pasha, who lived in Sivas, were demanded from Vardar Ali Pasha. The one who demanded them was Sultan İbrâhim.

On the first of March, which fell on the twenty-second of Ramazan, Mehmed Ağa, son of Hacı Yûsuf Ağa, one of the notables of Köprü, came to Amasya as mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs.

On the twenty-first of Şevval the Beylerbeyiship of Jerusalem the Noble too was given to Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, who was mütesellim of the Province of Damascus and beylerbeyi kaymakamı.

Vardar Ali Pasha was a pious man who looked after his country and his nation. He sent neither the money demanded nor the wife of İbşir Pasha. For the tax of the province of Sivas for the year [10]57 had been collected and sent in full; and to offer one person's lawfully wedded wife to another was contrary both to the sharia and to reason.

On the first day of Muharrem 1058 [1648], Şemsi Paşazâde Ahmed Pasha, former Beylerbeyi of Şehrizor, came, dismissed, and the öşr (tax on produce) of the village of Saluzcu was set aside for him as has. A few days later Hoca Ahmed Pasha again became beylerbeyi of Trabzon; the sanjak of Amasya, together with the sanjak of Karahisar-ı Şarkî, was given to the mutasarrıf before him, Hüseyin Pasha.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • hâce-i sultânî: the sultan's tutor
  • birâder: brother
  • merd-i kerîm: generous, brave man
  • istikâmet: integrity, uprightness
  • hâre: a fine silk fabric with a wavy (watered) pattern
  • havâs: plural of has; large dirlik revenues
  • binâ emîni: the official responsible for the expenses and execution of a building work
  • Kal'a-i Bâlâ: the Upper Castle
  • kibâr-ı mevâlî: high-ranking kadıs and müderrises
  • mirâhur-ı şehriyârî: the sultan's master of the stables
  • Mesnevîhân: the person who reads and comments on Mevlânâ's Mesnevî
  • vâlide kethüdâsı: the official who conducts the affairs of the valide sultan
  • kethüdâyeri: the local commander of the timar-holding sipahis in a sanjak
  • ma'zûl: dismissed from office
  • ramazâniye: money demanded on the occasion of Ramazan and the holiday
  • zevce-i menkûha: lawfully wedded wife
  • musâdif: falling on, coinciding
  • hamiyetperver: one who looks after his country and nation, honourable
  • a'şâr: öşür taxes, the tenth part taken from produce

Hoca Ahmed Pasha

Hoca Ahmed Pasha, the subject of the entry, belongs to one of the best-known families of Amasya in the seventeenth century. According to Hüsameddin's biography volume he is of the İğnecizâdes, descended from Pîr Safiyyüddîn, one of the great men of the Halvetî order, and is the brother of Ömer Efendi, tutor and adviser of Sultan Osman II. While he was müderris at the Atabeg Gazi Madrasa in Amasya, through his elder brother's standing at the palace he moved in 1027 [1618] to the defterdarship of Sivas and the next year to the beylerbeyiship of Karaman; he served in Teke, Aleppo, Batum and Trabzon. When his brother's era ended in the disturbance that broke out at the beginning of Recep 1031 [1622], he was dismissed and for years remained without a post in Amasya. When Murad IV came to Amasya in 1045 [1635] he lodged in his mansion and gave him the mütevelliship of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs.

The same biography confirms the dates in this entry too: Ahmed Pasha became mutasarrıf of Amasya for the second time at the beginning of Safer 1057 and was transferred to the governorship of Trabzon at the beginning of Muharrem 1058. Hüsameddin gives his nickname as "Kehleli" in the biography volume and as "Pehleli" on a later page of the history section of the book; which is correct could not be determined. Ahmed Pasha's end was sad: in 1069 [1659], in the time of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, all his property was confiscated, he died the same year and was buried in the tomb of his ancestor Pîr Safiyyüddîn.

The Telli Haseki and the Expression in Amasya

The most vivid lines of the entry concern the name "Telli Hâre" that the people of Amasya gave the Telli Haseki. Hümâşah Sultan was the last haseki Sultan İbrâhim took in marriage. The wedding was held in a splendid ceremony in which the Chief Black Eunuch acted for the bride and the grand vizier for the sultan; because the bride was brought to the palace from the Davutpaşa garden in a wire-embroidered veil (telli duvak), she was called "Telli Haseki". It is known, from the chronicler Vecîhî, that Sultan İbrâhim distributed provinces and sanjaks to his hasekis as paşmaklık. It is related that the treasury of Egypt was given to Hümâşah as her marriage portion, and that the İbrahim Pasha Palace in Sultanahmet was furnished with sable furs and assigned to her.

The expression Hüsameddin records could not be found in another source. "Hâre" is a fine silk fabric with a wavy pattern; the delicacy of such a wire-worked fabric, and the similarity of sound with the name of the Telli Haseki, may explain how the expression acquired the meaning "one hurt by the smallest thing." This is an interpretation; Hüsameddin ties the origin of the expression to the Haseki, but does not explain why the people referred to her with this word.

The Castle Repair and the Mevlevi Lodge

The repair Hüsameddin mentions concerns the Upper Castle of Amasya Castle on Mount Harşena and its lower inner walls. The castle is today described in three parts: the Inner City on the bank of the Yeşilırmak (Hatuniye quarter), the Girls' Palace and the Upper Castle. A considerable part of the walls of the castle, which has eight defensive tiers, still stands. No trace of the repair of 1647 was found in another source.

The change of sheikh at the Amasya Mevlevi lodge too can be compared with other sources. According to the information compiled by Abdülhalim Durma, the lodge, which burned in 1602 during the brigand incidents, was rebuilt in 1637 by the former grand vizier Bayram Pasha on the application of Mehmed Ârif Dede, son of Sheikh İbrâhim Çelebi, and its waqfs were enlarged. The sheikhs after this new building were, in order, Mehmed Ârif Dede, his son-in-law Mahmud Dede, Abdülkadir Dede and Alâeddin Dede. Durma's source explains the transition between Ârif Dede and Mahmud Dede by the tie of son-in-law; Hüsameddin, however, writes here that Ârif Dede was dismissed "because of some of his attitudes and conduct." The two records do not exclude each other, but the detail of dismissal Hüsameddin gives is found only in him. Evliya Çelebi too, on his visit in 1646, writes that among the forty or so lodges of Amasya the most beautiful was the Mevlânâ lodge, a Mevlevi lodge that was a place of sema and pleasure. The building, which stood beyond the Hacı Mahmud Madrasa on the bank of the Yeşilırmak, burned in the years of the First World War.

Vardar Ali Pasha's Refusal

The last section of the entry describes the beginning of a rebellion that would shake Anatolia a few months later. The man Hüsameddin calls "Vardar" is known in the sources as Varvar Ali Pasha. According to Ahmet Önal's entry, he was a Bosnian born in the village of Varvar in the district of Prozor in Dalmatia; he was recruited through the devshirme in 1008 [1599-1600], trained in the palace as a falconer, and served as beylerbeyi in many provinces such as Cyprus, Adana, Rumelia, Van and Bosnia. When 30,000 kuruş was demanded from Istanbul in Ramazan 1057 [October 1647] in the name of a holiday gift, he gathered the notables of Sivas, had the province's annual revenue calculated, and declared that this money could not be paid. He also rejected the order that Perihan Hanım, the lawfully wedded wife of İpşir Mustafa Pasha, who was in Sivas, be sent to Istanbul to be offered to Sultan İbrâhim. Thus Hüsameddin's two records, the money and the woman, correspond exactly with present-day research that relies on Kâtib Çelebi. The continuation of the event is in the next entry.

Köprülü's Deputy Governorship of Damascus and a Document

In the footnote on Köprülü Mehmed Pasha's appointment to Damascus and Jerusalem, Hüsameddin quotes from a list of telhises (summary reports presented by the grand vizier to the sultan) that he found in the Evkaf Treasury. According to it, the deputy governorship of the beylerbeyiship of Damascus was given by the Third Haseki Şîvekâr Sultan to Köprülü Mehmed, Bey of Maarra, the deputy governorship of Jerusalem and the province of Damascus was granted by hatt-ı şerif, and the next day the rank of the province of Damascus was conferred on the same person. The dates in the document are written as "21 September 1057" and "22 September 1057"; the use together of a Hijri year and a Rumi month name is odd, and how this date is to be read is not clear.

Christopher Whitehead's research, based on the archival registers, confirms that Şivekâr Sultan was the holder of the revenues of Damascus and Köprülü her kaymakam; but it places Köprülü's appointment to Damascus earlier, in Rebîülevvel 1057 [April 1647], and shows that he was holding the sanjak of Jerusalem at the same time. According to Whitehead, Köprülü was dismissed from Damascus in November 1647 and appointed to Karaman early the next year. This difference between Hüsameddin's ordering and the archival record shows how scattered the traces of Köprülü's career in these years are in the sources.

Other Names

Memikzâde Mustafa Efendi's judgeship of Istanbul is given in Mehmet İpşirli's entry as 4 Safer 1057 [11 March 1647]; Hüsameddin places it in the month of Rebîülevvel. According to the same source, Memikzâde left the judgeship of Istanbul on 20 November of the same year, rose in later years as far as the kazaskership of Rumelia, was made şeyhülislam briefly in 1656 and dismissed thirteen hours later. The information that Bâkî Paşazâde Habîb Ağa took a fortress called "Mora Kasteli" in Crete could not be verified with other sources; it is known that in the first years of the Cretan War Deli Hüseyin Pasha took the fortress of Kisamo, but whether this is the fortress Hüsameddin means could not be determined. No information was found in other sources on Sefer Ağa, Geldiklânlı Ali Pasha and Mehmed Ağa, son of Hacı Yûsuf Ağa.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Official sources

Other sources

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