Amasyalıdır. Amasya emîr-i kebîri Şâdgeldi Paşa ahfâdından Mirlivâ Pîr Hüseyin Beyzâde Derviş Bey’in mahdûmudur. 1054 senesi zilhiccesinin yirmisinde Amasya beyi oldu. 1055 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Ebûbekir Bey, devr ü teftişe çıkıp tarafından Abdülcelîl Efendizâde “el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa” Amasya mütesellimi oldu. Çünkü Girit Harbi’nden dolayı Amasya havâlisinde eşkıyâ türemişdi. Bu esnada kethüdâyeri Kara Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa idi.
Muharrem evâhirinde Müftü Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi’nin azliyle Şeyh Yâkubzâde Mustafa Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve gurre-i saferde Hakâlalızâde es-Seyyid Abdurrahim Efendi Amasya nâibi olup Kadı Mustafa Efendi İstanbul’a gitdi.
Cumâdelûlâ gurresinde Amasya Kadısı Mustafa Efendi Sakız mollası olduğundan Amasyalı Şeyh Hasan Efendizâde Kutbeddîn Mustafa Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. Bu zât, “Kutbî” demekle ma‘rûf şâir, edîb idi.
Bu esnada Amasya a‘yânı şunlardı: Hoca Ahmed Paşa, Hacı Kerîm Paşazâde Hüseyin Bey, Helvacı Mehmed Ağa, bunun birâderi Deli Yûsuf Ağa, Kara Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa, Alaybeyi Gürcü Ali Bey, Murâd oğlu Gâvur Murâd Ağa, Alevî Köylü Gazanfer Ağa, Furûc Ağa demekle [93] meşhûr Hakâlalı Şâtıroğlu Ali Ağa, Yeniçeri Serdârı Murâd oğlu Hamza Ağa.
Mirlivâ Bekir Bey, asîl, necîb, bir merd-i kerîm idi. Amasya Mutasarrıfesi Hümâ Şâh Sultân’a yaranmak, sâye-i ikbâlinde beylerbeyi olmak hevesiyle ba’zı ta‘addiyâta yol vermiş, a‘yânın haset ve rekâbetini celb edecek nüfûza mâlik olmuşdu.
Bu yüzden şikâyetlere ma’rûz kaldı. Çünkü Haseki Sultân, muttasıl para istiyor, bîçâreyi katl u i’dâm ile korkutuyordu. Bekir Bey, havf ü recâ arasında hareket ederek maruz kaldığı şikâyetlerde i‘zâm edilmişdi.
Şevvâl evâilinde Bab-ı Âlî’ye tevâlî eden şikâyetle Mirlivâ Ebûbekir Bey yalnız azl ve Amasya sancağı da Sivas Beylerbeyi Ahmed Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Mirliva (sanjak governor) Pîr Hüseyin Beyzâde Derviş Bey, one of the descendants of Şâdgeldi Pasha, the great emir of Amasya. On the twentieth of Zilhicce 1054 [1645] he became bey of Amasya. On the first day of Muharrem 1055 [1645] Ebûbekir Bey set out to tour and inspect the sanjak; on his behalf Abdülcelîl Efendizâde "el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa" became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya. For because of the Cretan War brigands had appeared around Amasya. At this time the kethüdâyeri (local kethüda of the sipahis) was Kara Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa.
At the end of Muharrem, with the dismissal of Mufti Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi, Şeyh Yâkubzâde Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya, and on the first day of Safer Hakâlalızâde Seyyid Abdurrahîm Efendi became naib (deputy judge) of Amasya, and Kadı Mustafa Efendi went to Istanbul.
On the first day of the month of Cemaziyelevvel, since Mustafa Efendi, Kadı of Amasya, became molla of Chios (kadı of the island of Chios), Kutbeddîn Mustafa Efendi, son of Şeyh Hasan Efendi of Amasya, became kadı of Amasya. This man was a poet and man of letters known as "Kutbî".
At this time the notables of Amasya were these: Hoca Ahmed Pasha, Hacı Kerîm Paşazâde Hüseyin Bey, Helvacı Mehmed Ağa, his brother Deli Yûsuf Ağa, Kara Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa, Alaybeyi Gürcü Ali Bey, Murâdoğlu Gâvur Murâd Ağa, Gazanfer Ağa of the village of Alevî, Şâtıroğlu Ali Ağa of Hakâlalı known as "Furûc Ağa", and Murâdoğlu Hamza Ağa, Serdar of the Janissaries.
Mirliva Bekir Bey was a man of noble descent, pure nature, courage and generosity. In his eagerness to please Hümâ Şâh Sultan, the mutasarrıfe of Amasya, and to become beylerbeyi with her support, he had overlooked certain injustices, and had gained enough influence to draw the jealousy and rivalry of the notables.
For this reason complaints were made against him. For the Haseki Sultan constantly demanded money and threatened to have the poor man killed and executed. Bekir Bey acted between fear and hope, and the guilt alleged in the complaints against him was made out to be greater than it was.
At the beginning of Şevval, on the successive complaints reaching the Sublime Porte, Mirliva Ebûbekir Bey was merely dismissed, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to Ahmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- emîr-i kebîr: great emir, ruling bey
- ahfâd: grandchildren, descendants
- devr ü teftiş: touring and inspecting the sanjak
- havâli: surroundings, environs
- nâib: the judge's deputy
- molla: here, the senior-rank kadı of a great city or island
- a'yân: the notables of a city
- merd-i kerîm: a brave and generous person
- sâye-i ikbâl: the protection and support of a great man
- ta'addî: injustice, oppression
- muttasıl: constantly, continuously
- havf ü recâ: fear and hope
- i'zâm: magnifying, exaggerating
- tevâlî: coming one after another
The Lineage of Şâdgeldi Pasha
Şâdgeldi Pasha, on whom Ebûbekir Bey's descent rests, was the emir who governed Amasya in the fourteenth century, in the period of the Eretna Beylik. Şâdgeldi, the second son of Hacı Kutlu Şah, became emir of Amasya in 1359; though he was briefly driven out of the city by Alâeddin Ali Bey of the Eretnids, he regained the administration a few months later and held Amasya until his death in 1381. It was he who had the building known as the Saraçhane Mosque built in 1372; the mosque was at first called the Şâdgeldi Pasha Mosque, and because of the saddlers' shops around it took its present name from the time of Çelebi Mehmed. Şâdgeldi Pasha's tomb, of the eyvan type, also stands today opposite the Halifet Gazi Tomb, to the southwest of the Kadılar Tomb. That the emir's descendants still formed families of zeamet holders in Amasya in the seventeenth century shows that the old ruling families of the city survived within the Ottoman order too. Çolak Hüseyin Pasha, who appears in the earlier entries, is according to Hüsameddin of the same lineage.
Ebûbekir Bey's Family and What Followed
Hüsameddin's biographies of the emirs reveal the ties among the people in this short entry. Çolak Hüseyin Pasha was the son-in-law of Derviş Bey, mirliva of Amasya; that is, he was Ebûbekir Bey's brother-in-law. When Hüseyin Pasha was executed in 1058 and his goods confiscated, nothing but a house was left to his son Derviş Mehmed Çelebi, and his maternal uncle Ebûbekir Bey became the guardian of this orphan.
The biography of Ebûbekir Bey's mütesellim el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa shows that the dismissal went harder than the text relates. According to this biography Hüseyin Ağa was the son of Sandukîzâde Abdülcelîl Efendi, former mufti of Amasya; he showed merit in the Revan and Baghdad campaigns, became kethüdâyeri, and in Muharrem 1055 became mütesellim of Amasya. But "because of the excessive conduct of Mirliva Ebûbekir Bey" the two of them were dismissed together and imprisoned in Şevval of the same year; Hüseyin Ağa was taken out of the dungeon of Amasya Castle in early 1056 on the surety of Sefer Ağa, and the inquiry showed him to be innocent. The phrase "was merely dismissed" said of Ebûbekir Bey in the entry seems to be used to convey that he was not executed; his having been imprisoned does not contradict the phrase.
The "Ahmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas" to whom Amasya is given in the text is Ahmed Bey of the previous entry, that is, Ankebût Ahmed Pasha. According to the biography Hüsameddin gives for him, in Şevval 1055 the sanjak of Amasya was given to him as his has, and at the same time he became serdar of Crete. Thus Amasya passed out of the haseki's hands and again into the charge of a pasha from Amasya.
The Haseki Sultan and the Burden on the Provinces
The picture Hüsameddin describes agrees with the known face of the reign of Sultan İbrahim. Feridun Emecen, relying on the contemporary historian Vecîhî, writes that the sultan made eight of his favourites hasekis, assigned them heavy hasses, and distributed select provinces and sanjaks as paşmaklık. When a sanjak's revenue was set aside for a haseki, the local bey had both to meet the haseki's demands for money and to manage the notables of the city. Ebûbekir Bey's being caught "between fear and hope" is the result of these two pressures. In the same years troops were being gathered for the Cretan campaign from the Anatolian sanjaks, Amasya included; Hüsameddin thinks that this weakened public order in the provinces, and the sentence in the text, "because of the Cretan War brigands had appeared around Amasya," expresses this.
On Kadı Kutbeddîn Mustafa Efendi, "Kutbî", no information was found in other sources, either on his poems or on his judgeship.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 569–569. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vols. 9-12, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, entry "Hüseyin Paşa-Çolak", e-book p. 25; entry "Hüseyin Ağa-Abdülcelilzâde el-Hâc", e-book p. 30.
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vols. 6-8, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, entry "Ahmed Paşa-Ankebût", e-book pp. 176-177.
Academic studies
Official sources
Other sources