Amasya Emîr-i kebîri beylerbeyi Şâdgeldi Paşa’nın evlâd-ı kirâmından esbak Amasya sancağı beyi Dervîş Bey bin Pîr Hüseyin Bey bin Dervîş Mehmed Çelebi bin Hüseyin Paşa bin el-Hâc Ahmed Bey bin Hüseyin Bey bin Hasan Bey bin Burak Bey bin Devetdâr Ahmed Paşa bin el-Hâc Şâdgeldi Paşa bin el-Hâc Kutluşâh’ın mahdûmudur.
Züamâdan iken eniştesi Hüseyin Paşa’nın kethüdâsı, 1040 [260] sâlinden i’tibâren birkaç def’a Amasya mütesellimi ve 1054 senesi zilhicce yirmisinde Amasya sancağı beyi oldu. Ancak sancağın hâss-ı mutasarrıfı olan Haseki Sultân’ın matlûbât-ı mübremesini te’mîn için tahsîlâtına şiddet verdiğinden dolayı şikâyetler tevâli etmekle 1055 senesi şevvâlinde azliyle Samsun’a i’zâm ve kal’abend edildi.
1056 senesi şevvâlinde orada vefât eylediğinden bütün emvâli ve emlâki müsâdere edilerek evlâdı Ömer, Osmân Beylerle Emine, Sâfiye Hanımlara bir konağı ve bir çiftiliği bırakıldı. Bunlara ve bunların evlâdına “Ebûbekir Beyzâdeler” dendi.
Küçük mahdûmu Anadolu vâlisi vezîr Ömer Paşa’dır. Bunun mahdûmları Mısır mîr-livâsı el-Hâc Osmân, Mehmed beylerdir. Hacı Osmânbeyzâde Ebûbekir, Mehmed Paşalarla Abdî Bey’dir. Ebûbekir Paşazâde teşrîfatçı Âkif Mehmed Bey ve Göleli Mehmed Paşazâde Mehmed Bey’dir. Abdîzâde es-Seyyid el-Hâc Abdullah Bey Amasya’nın aynü’l-a’yânı olup mahdûmları Ahmed Necîb, Mehmed Şâhid Beylerdir. Âkif Beyzâde Ebûbekir Bey’in evlâdı İstanbul’da vardır. [261]
In Modern English
He was the son of Dervîş Bey, the great emir of Amasya, of the noble progeny of the beylerbeyi Şâdgeldi Pasha and a former sanjak governor of Amasya: Dervîş Bey bin Pîr Hüseyin Bey bin Dervîş Mehmed Çelebi bin Hüseyin Pasha bin el-Hâc Ahmed Bey bin Hüseyin Bey bin Hasan Bey bin Burak Bey bin Devâtdâr Ahmed Pasha bin el-Hâc Şâdgeldi Pasha bin el-Hâc Kutluşâh.
While still a holder of a zeamet, he became kethüda to his brother-in-law Hüseyin Pasha; from 1040 [1630-31] he served several times as mütesellim of Amasya, and on the twentieth day of Zilhicce 1054 [1645] he became sanjak governor of Amasya. However, because he was harsh in collecting taxes in order to meet the firm and insistent demands of Haseki Sultan, who held the revenue of the sanjak as her personal estate, complaints followed one another, and in Şevval 1055 [1645] he was dismissed, sent to Samsun and imprisoned in the fortress there.
He died there in Şevval 1056 [1646], and all his goods and property were confiscated; only a mansion and a farm were left to his children Ömer Bey and Osmân Bey and to Emine Hanım and Sâfiye Hanım. They and their descendants were called the "Ebûbekir Beyzâdes."
His younger son was Ömer Pasha, governor of Anatolia and vizier. His sons were el-Hâc Osmân Bey, sanjak governor of Egypt, and Mehmed Bey. The sons of Hacı Osmân Bey were Ebûbekir Pasha, Mehmed Pasha and Abdî Bey. The son of Ebûbekir Pasha was the master of ceremonies Âkif Mehmed Bey, and the son of Göleli Mehmed Pasha was Mehmed Bey. The son of Abdî Bey, es-Seyyid el-Hâc Abdullah Bey, became the foremost of the notables of Amasya; his sons were Ahmed Necîb Bey and Mehmed Şâhid Bey. The descendants of Âkif Bey's son Ebûbekir Bey live in Istanbul.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- emîr-i kebîr: great emir, a bey in the position of ruler of the region
- züamâ: zeamet holders, that is, holders of large military fiefs
- kethüdâ: the steward of a pasha, who ran his affairs
- mütesellim: the deputy who governed a sanjak in place of the sanjak governor
- hâss-ı mutasarrıf: the person who received the tax revenues of a sanjak as his or her personal estate ("has")
- matlûbât-ı mübreme: firm, insistent demands
- şikâyetler tevâlî etmek: complaints coming one after another
- i'zâm ve kal'abend edilmek: to be sent to a place and kept imprisoned in a fortress
- emvâl ve emlâkin müsâderesi: seizure of goods and property by the state
- mîr-livâ: sanjak governor
- teşrîfâtçı: the official in charge of ceremonial and protocol in the Imperial Council
- aynü'l-a'yân: the foremost of the notables, chief âyan
The Lineage of Şâdgeldi Pasha
Hacı Şâdgeldi, to whom Ebûbekir Bey traces his line eleven generations back, was the emir who governed Amasya in the second half of the fourteenth century. Şâdgeldi, the son of Hacı Kutlu Şah, became emir of Amasya in 1359; at first subordinate to the Eretna principality, in time he acted independently. In 1365 he was among the emirs who killed Eretnaoğlu Mehmed Bey. Kadı Burhâneddin, who was preparing to proclaim his sovereignty at Sivas, regarded Şâdgeldi as his chief rival, marched against him, defeated him in the autumn of 1381 and had him killed. His son Ahmed Bey moved to avenge his father in 1383 but was defeated by Kadı Burhâneddin. The person Hüsameddin calls "Devâtdâr Ahmed Pasha" is this Ahmed Bey. The individual links of this chain of descent, which spans more than two and a half centuries, rest on Hüsameddin's family records and could not be verified in any other source.
Haseki Sultan's Estate and the Fall of Ebûbekir Bey
Ebûbekir Bey's term as sanjak governor falls in the reign of Sultan İbrahim (1640-1648). In this period annual revenues of hundreds of thousands of kuruş were assigned to the seven hasekis of the harem, and important sanjaks and high-income provinces began to be given to the sultan's companions, the hasekis and their kethüdas. These expenditures put a serious strain on the treasury, and illegal demands on the provinces became widespread. The expectation of the holder of the estate, whom Hüsameddin mentions as "Haseki Sultan" without naming her, that Amasya would yield a large income is part of this general picture. The fall of Ebûbekir Bey is a concrete example of how a provincial bey trying to satisfy the demands of the palace could be sacrificed amid the complaints of the population.
The punishment given to Ebûbekir Bey is also noteworthy. Kalebentlik was a ta'zir punishment carried out by holding offenders within the walls of a fortress and not allowing them to leave; it involved both imprisonment and exile. This punishment began to be applied noticeably from the second half of the seventeenth century and became widespread in the eighteenth. The case of Ebûbekir Bey, confined in Samsun Fortress in 1645, is one of the examples of the punishment from before this spread.
The Ebûbekir Beyzâdes
The family, left with only a mansion and a farm after the confiscation, rose again within a short time. According to other entries by Hüsameddin, the younger son Ömer Pasha died in 1112 [1700-01] while governor of Anatolia, and his son Osmân Bey, as chief âyan, held the administration of the sanjak of Amasya in his hands for a long time. Among the grandsons, the master of ceremonies Âkif Mehmed Bey died in 1181 [1768] and was buried in the graveyard of the Salacık Mosque that he had built in Üsküdar. In the sections where Hüsameddin narrates the events of the eighteenth century, the family's name is shortened to "Bekir Beyzâde."
There are two points the reader should note. In another entry Hüsameddin presents the treasurer and beylerbeyi of Kars, Ebûbekir Pasha (died 1158 [1745]), as Ömer Pasha's "first son"; his name does not appear in the family list in this entry. Second, Abdîzâde Abdullah Bey, mentioned at the end of the entry, should not be confused with the Abdîzâdes, Hüsameddin's own family; the author's line is a separate family going back to Alaybeyi Kara Hüseyin Ağa.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 87. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Introduction ("Ailesi"); remainder of vol. 4, "Ebûbekir Paşa" entries; vol. 6, "Ebûbekir Paşa-Bekir Beyzâde el-Hâc"; vol. 11, "Âkif Mehmed Bey-Ebûbekir Beyzâde"; vol. 12, "Osmân Bey-Ebûbekir Beyzâde" and "Osmân Bey-Dervîş Beyzâde" entries.
Academic studies
- Abdülkerim Özaydın, "Kadı Burhâneddin", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kadi-burhaneddin).
- Bekir Gökpınar, "Osmanlı Kronikleri Işığında Sultan İbrahim ve Dönemi (1640-1648)", ETÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 10, April 2020.
- Ömer İşbilir, "Kalebend", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kalebend).
Other sources
- "Hacı Şadgeldi", online encyclopedia entry (tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacı_Şadgeldi).