AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Ebûbekir Efendi — Müftüzâde

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 6, p. 96 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Recep Orhan ÖZEL - Doç. Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Merzifonludur. Oranın müftüsü Mehmed Efendi’nin mahdûmudur. Amasya’da Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi’den tahsîl-i ulûm ederek Merzifon’da ders-i âm ve Dürrîzâde Medresesine müderris, sonra yıllarca kazâ ve niyâbetle devr-i bilâd etdi. 1200’de Ayntâb mollası olup 1203 senesi evâ’ilinde vefât etdi. Mevâli-i devriyyeden ve kudât-ı meşhûreden olup âlim, kâmil bir zât idi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He is from Merzifon. He is the son of Mehmed Efendi, the mufti of that place. He studied in Amasya under Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi, became a ders-i âm in Merzifon and müderris (madrasa professor) of the Dürrîzâde Madrasa; then for years he went from place to place in the posts of kadı and deputy kadı. In 1200 [1785-86] he became molla of Ayntab, and he died in early 1203 [autumn 1788]. He was among the scholars who had reached the devriye mevleviyet and among the well-known kadıs; he was a learned, mature man.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • kazâ: judgeship
  • niyâbet: deputyship; the post of deputy kadı standing in for the kadı
  • devr-i bilâd etmek: to go around from country to country; here, to move from post to post, from city to city
  • molla: kadı of a large city
  • evâ'il: the first days, the beginning (of a month or year)
  • mevâlî-i devriyye: the great kadıs of the rank of devriye mevleviyet
  • kudât: kadıs
  • kâmil: mature, virtuous

His Teacher Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi

Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi, under whom Ebûbekir Efendi studied in Amasya, is among the best-known scholars of eighteenth-century Amasya. According to the information given by İncinur Atik Gürbüz, his real name is Mustafa; he was known as Iydîzâde because he was the younger son of Bayram Efendi, who wrote poetry under the pen name Iydî and served as müderris at the Bayezid II Madrasa. He had served as mufti of Amasya, toward the end of his life withdrew from the muftiship and taught at the Bayezid II Madrasa, and died in Amasya in 1173 [1759-60]. He was a divan poet who wrote poems under the pen name Âkif; modeling himself on Harîrî's Makâmât, he also wrote a work in thirty-two maqamas called Bedî'a. Tolga Öntürk notes that he was also called "Koca Müftü" (the Great Mufti), that he had knowledge in medicine, hadith, tafsir and rhetoric, and that the sole copy of his divan is in Topkapı Palace. The family of the Iydîzâdes, also known as the Hacıbayramoğulları, is, as the very title of Sadi Bayram's study shows, one of the families common to the cultural history of Merzifon and Amasya. That the son of a Merzifon mufti studied under this family in Amasya is a natural consequence of this closeness. The teacher's death date shows that Ebûbekir Efendi's study in Amasya falls before 1759.

The Dürrîzâde Madrasa in Merzifon

The madrasa where Ebûbekir Efendi served as müderris takes its name from Dürrî Mehmed Efendi, the şeyhülislam from Merzifon. In the first volume of his book, listing the structures of Merzifon, Hüsameddin records that in 1145 [1732-33] "the former şeyhülislam Merzifonî Dürrî Mehmed Efendi" had a madrasa built here. According to Mehmet İpşirli, Dürrî Mehmed Efendi is the first member of the Dürrîzâde family, which gave the Ottoman state many scholars and six şeyhülislams. Dürrî Efendi, son of İlyas Efendi, after serving as professor at the Süleymaniye, held the judgeships of Egypt, Mecca and Istanbul, then the kazaskerships of Anatolia and Rumelia, became şeyhülislam on 3 Cemâziyelâhir 1147 [31 October 1734], and was dismissed in Zilhicce 1148 [April 1736] because he had suffered a stroke. According to these dates Dürrî Efendi was not yet şeyhülislam when he built the madrasa; Hüsameddin's epithet "şeyhülislâm-ı esbak" (former şeyhülislam) recalls the post he reached afterwards. No information was found in the sources examined on whether the madrasa stands today.

The Mollaship of Ayntab

The judgeship of Ayntab (today's Gaziantep), Ebûbekir Efendi's last post, was counted among the devriye mevleviyets in the Ottoman ilmiye classification. In the list given by Fahri Unan, Antep is among the judgeships that gradually passed into the status of devriye mevleviyet, together with cities such as Adana, Baghdad, Diyarbekir, Erzurum, Konya, Maraş and Sivas. These were the lowest grade of the mevleviyets and their daily pay was around 300 akçe. Hüsameddin's describing Ebûbekir Efendi as "of the mevâlî-i devriyye" expresses precisely this rank. Having reached this rank in the last years of his life after years of going about in the posts of kadı and deputy kadı, Ebûbekir Efendi died some three years after going to Ayntab. No information on his father, the mufti of Merzifon Mehmed Efendi, or on himself was found in other sources.

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