Sivaslıdır. Amasya Müftüsü Mevlânâ Musliheddîn Sivasî birâderi Mevlânâ Şemseddîn Mehmed Çelebi bin Mahmûd bin Ahmed bin Emîr Hasan bin İnan Bey mahdûmudur. Amasya’da amcasından vesâir ulemâdan ikmâl-i tahsîl edib ders-i âm ve kibâr-ı ulemâdan oldu.
Bir müddet Sivas kadısı olup emîri olan Kutlu Beyzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey’e kendisini sevdirmişdi.
780’de emîr-i müşârün-ileyhin katil ve i’dâmı üzerine kaçıp Amasya‘ya geldi. Sivas’ı istilâ eden Kadı Burhan’ın adâvetini kazanmış olduğundan Amasya’da kalıp 791 hudûdunda vefât etdi. Mahdûmu Emîneddîn Mehmed Çelebi’dir. Bunun mahdûmu Kıvâmeddîn Kasım Çelebi olup bunlara Edhemzâdeler ve Kadızâdeler dendi. [40]
In Modern English
He was from Sivas. He was the son of Mevlânâ Şemseddin Mehmed Çelebi, brother of Mevlânâ Musliheddin Sivasî, the mufti of Amasya; Şemseddin Mehmed Çelebi was the son of Mahmud; Mahmud was the son of Ahmed; Ahmed was the son of Emîr Hasan; and Emîr Hasan was the son of İnan Bey. After completing his studies in Amasya under his uncle and other scholars, he became a professor giving public lectures and one of the great scholars.
For a time he was kadı of Sivas and had made himself liked by his emir, Hacı İbrahim Bey, son of Kutlu Bey.
When the aforementioned emir was killed in 780 [1378-79], he fled and came to Amasya. Having earned the enmity of Kadı Burhan, who had seized Sivas, he stayed in Amasya and died around 791 [1389]. His son is Emîneddin Mehmed Çelebi. His son is Kıvâmeddin Kasım Çelebi; these were called the Edhemzades and the Kadızades.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- Mevlânâ: a title of respect given to learned scholars
- mahdûm: son
- ikmâl-i tahsîl: completing one's studies
- ders-i âm: a professor who gives public lectures
- kibâr-ı ulemâ: great scholars
- emîr: the ruler or lord of a place
- katl ve i'dâm: being killed, being executed
- adâvet: enmity
- hudûd: here, "around, in the vicinity of"
- Edhemzâdeler, Kadızâdeler: sons of Edhem, sons of the kadı; nicknames the family acquired later
Kadı Burhâneddin and Sivas
The "Kadı Burhan" in the text is a kadı and poet born in 1345 as the son of Şemseddin Muhammed, the kadı of Kayseri. According to the sources, in the years when the Eretna principality was weakening he first became vizier of Alâeddin Ali Bey; this took place in Rebîülevvel 780 [June-July 1378]. He tried to bring the principality fully under his own control and won the struggle; in 1381 he proclaimed his sovereignty at Sivas, had the Friday sermon read and coins struck in his name. Hüsameddin's phrase "in 780 ... Kadı Burhan, who seized Sivas" gathers into one sentence the starting date of this process (780) and its result (the seizure of Sivas). The sources place the beginning of Burhâneddin's rule in 782-783 [1381]; the date 780 therefore marks not the events themselves but the year in which the administration of Sivas began to change hands.
Kadı Burhâneddin's relationship with Amasya is also known. Hacı Şadgeldi, the emir at the head of Amasya, was his main rival; in the autumn of 1381 he marched against him, defeated him and had him killed, in the following years he campaigned repeatedly against the emir of Amasya (1384), and in 1394 he burned and destroyed the lands of Ahmed Bey, emir of Amasya. Edhem Çelebi's flight from Sivas and refuge in Amasya took place in the shadow of this rivalry; Hüsameddin's remark that "having earned the enmity of Kadı Burhan, he stayed in Amasya" presents Amasya as a refuge for Burhâneddin's enemies. This interpretation belongs to Hüsameddin; since Edhem Çelebi's name does not appear in the sources read, it could not be verified independently.
Hacı İbrahim, Emir of Sivas
The identity of the emir Hüsameddin calls "Kutlu Beyzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey" could not be determined in the sources read. In sources describing the turmoil of the Eretna principality, an emir named Hacı İbrahim is mentioned as acting independently in Sivas in the time of Alâeddin Ali Bey; also, a Hacı İbrahim is named among those involved in the killing of Eretnaoğlu Mehmed Bey in 1365. It cannot be said that these are the same as the person Hüsameddin mentions. The name Kutlu calls two different circles to mind: Kutlu Bey, who was at the head of the Akkoyunlu between 1362 and 1388, and Kutlu Şah, father of Hacı Şadgeldi, the emir of Amasya. In one study the sons of Kutlu Şah are listed as Hacı Şadgeldi, Ahmed Şah and Bedreddin Gazan Şah; the name Hacı İbrahim is not in this list. Which Kutlu the phrase "Kutlu Beyzâde" points to could not be determined.
Among the Ulema of Amasya
Edhem Çelebi's story shows that even at the end of the fourteenth century Amasya was a refuge for scholars. In the Ottoman period the city was called the "city of princes" and, with more than forty madrasas, was one of the centres of learning of Anatolia. Scholars of Amasya stand out among the later links of this tradition: Şemseddin Ahmed, known as Kemalpaşazâde, studied Arabic, logic and Persian under the ulema of Amasya, and some sources have even claimed that he was from Amasya; Müeyyedzâde Abdurrahman Efendi, for his part, was born in Amasya in 1456 and came from a well-known family. There is no basis for seeing a link between the Edhemzades and these names, but all belong to the same scholarly milieu.
What Could Not Be Read
No information was found in other sources on Musliheddin Sivasî, Şemseddin Mehmed Çelebi, Emîneddin Mehmed Çelebi or Kıvâmeddin Kasım Çelebi. How the nicknames Edhemzades and Kadızades arose within the family could not be determined in the sources read either.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 275–276. amasya.bel.tr
- Mesut Çıtak, "Kitâbelerle Amasya Tarihi (11 ve 14. Yüzyıl)", Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları 13, Amasya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024, p. 17–38.
Academic studies
Other sources
- "Kemalpaşazâde", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi.