Amasyalıdır. Kudâtdan Zanalızâde es-Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi bin es-Seyyid el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi’nin mahdûmu ve kibâr-ı kudâtdan [51] es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi’nin birâderidir. İstanbul’da tahsîl-i ulûm edib müderris, kadı olarak devr-i bilâd etdi. Ba’dehû devriye mevâlîsinden olup Tokat kazâsından ma’zûlen Amasya‘ya geldi. 1241’de ihtiyâr-ı tekâüd edib 1247 sâlinde vefât etdi. Âlim, şâir, tab’an latîf, mütekellim bir zât idi.
Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL
Edîb Mustafa Efendi — Kadızade
Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 279 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ
Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)
Our Research Article
Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi of the Zanalızâde family, one of the kadıs (judges), who was himself the son of Seyyid Hacı Mehmed Efendi. He was the brother of Seyyid Mehmed Efendi, one of the senior kadıs. After studying in Istanbul he served as müderris (madrasa professor) and as kadı, going from district to district. Later, counted among the kadıs of devriye mevleviyet rank, he was dismissed from the district of Tokat and came to Amasya. In 1241 [1825-26] he chose to retire, and in 1247 [1831-32] he died. He was a learned man, a poet, naturally gentle and a good talker.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mahdûm: son
- kibâr-ı kudât: senior kadıs
- tahsîl-i ulûm: study of the sciences
- devr-i bilâd: serving in one district after another
- devriye mevâlîsi: senior kadıs and müderris of devriye mevleviyet rank
- ma'zûlen: having been dismissed
- ihtiyâr-ı tekâüd: retiring by one's own choice
- tab'an latîf: gentle by nature, of pleasant temperament
- mütekellim: talkative, apt in speech
Mevleviyet and the Devriye Rank
In the Ottoman learned hierarchy, judgeships were divided into two groups. The judgeships of large and important cities were called mevleviyet, the others kazâ kadılığı. The term mevleviyet has been in use since the middle of the 15th century. The lowest step of the mevleviyets was the devriye mevleviyet. Professors of the dâhil and hâriç madrasas were appointed to these posts. Centres such as Adana, Antep, Baghdad, Belgrade, Konya, Sivas, Kütahya, Erzurum and Diyarbakır came in time to hold this status. In terms of pay, the mevleviyets were divided into two groups of 300 and 500 akçe a day, and the 300-akçe judgeships were later called devriye mevleviyet. A devriye kadı, after leaving his post, received the rank of mahreç mevleviyet, the next step up, and waited for a suitable vacancy. That Kadızâde Mustafa Efendi is counted among the "devriye mevâlî" shows that before returning to Amasya he had served at this middle-upper rank. The text does not list which judgeships he held and mentions only Tokat.
Mülâzemet and Waiting Periods
The starting of a madrasa graduate in office, and his waiting for a new post after one ended, were governed by the system called mülâzemet. Those seeking posts in Anatolia attended the council of the kazasker of Anatolia, and those seeking posts in Rumelia that of the kazasker of Rumelia, and had their names entered in a register. A kadı who completed his term was considered dismissed and came to Istanbul to wait a year or two, sometimes longer, for a new post. The text says that Mustafa Efendi came to Amasya after his dismissal from Tokat. Whether he spent the waiting period in Istanbul or in his home town is not clear.
Retirement
The text says that in 1241 [1825-26] Mustafa Efendi chose retirement ("ihtiyâr-ı tekâüd"), that is, retired by his own wish. Tekaüt is the term for the state of a salaried official who can no longer serve through age, illness or disability, and it was common in the learned class. To scholars who had attained mevleviyet rank, the revenues of certain villages and towns could be assigned as arpalık in place of a retirement salary. The allowance given on dismissal was of a different nature from retirement. From what income Mustafa Efendi retired is not stated in the text. Because the year 1241 falls before the Tanzimat, the salaried retirement scheme of the later period does not apply to him.
Family and Period
The name Kadızâde means "son of a kadı" and points to a family tradition of judgeship. His father Zanalızâde Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi and his brother Seyyid Mehmed Efendi are named in the text as kadıs. Since his death date is 1247 [1831-32], his life falls largely in the reign of Mahmud II. No dîvân or sample of his poetry is known; in our research his name was not found in any other source. The Zanalızâde family could not be found in the sources available to us either.
Bibliography
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 279. amasya.bel.tr