Amasyalıdır. “Deli Emîr Mehmed Paşa” demekle meşhûrdur. 1087 senesi gurre-i muharreminde dördüncü defa Amasya mutasarrıfı olup geldi. Muharremin on birinde Apardı İbrâhim Ağa’nın ref‘inden “Paşa Ağa” demekle meşhûr Onaltının Mehmed Ağa yeniçeri serdârı oldu.
Safer gurresinde sâdât arasında teneffüz eden nakîb Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa’nın ref‘iyle ulemâdan es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi nakibü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı ve rebîülevvel gurresinde Amasya Müftüsü Îydî Bayram Efendi İstanbul’a gidip yerine kibâr-ı ulemâdan Amasyalı Şeyhî Mehmed Efendi müftü vekili oldu.
Bu esnada Kayseriyye sancağı da Mutasarrıfı es-Seyyid Mehmed Paşa uhdesine ilhâken tevcîh edildi. Rebîülevvelde Ziyare eşrâfından el-Hâc Halil Ağazâde el-Hâc İbrâhim Ağa orada bir mescid ve mektep ve çeşme binasıyla kendi mahallesini ihyâ ve bunların tamir ve termimine yirmi kuruş vakfetdi.
Şa’bânın yirmi altıncı günü Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa vefât eylediğinden yerine rikâb-ı hümâyûn kâ’im-makâmı Merzifonî Kara Mustafa Paşa sadrâzam ve ağalarından vekîl-i mutemedi Gümüşlü Kürt Sefer Ağazâde Ahmed Ağa kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî oldu.
Ramazânda sadr-ı müşârün-ileyhin kethüdâlığından mîrâhûr-ı evvel olan Amasyalı Bayburdluoğlu Kara İbrâhim Ağa vezâretle Kaptan-ı Deryâ olup, müftü vekili Şeyhî Mehmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve zilka’de [165] gurresinde Habîb Efendi’nin yerine Hâfız Ahmed Efendizâde Abdülbâki Efendi ikinci defa Amasya kadısı olup tarafından Hattât Ahmed Efendi Amasya nâibi ve on birinde Seksenbirin Ahmed Ağa yeniçeri serdârı oldu.
Zilhiccenin on beşinde Sivas, Anadolu, Karaman ve Adana vilâyetlerinde eşkıyâ türediğinden Amasya ve Kayseriyye Mutasarrıfı es-Seyyid Mehmed Paşa Anadolu müfettişi ve sadrâzam ağalarından Amasyalı Kuloğlu Abbas Ağa Amasya mütesellimi olup geldi. Buna “Zor Abbas Ağa” dendi.
Es-Seyyid Mehmed Paşa, maiyetine tâyin edilen silahdâr ağası Hasan Ağa ve yeniçeri ocağı kethüdâsı Osmân Ağa ile Amasya’dan kalkıp Sivas’a doğru gitdi. Gümüşlüzâde Çelebi İbrâhim Ağa sadr-ı müşârün-ileyhin ve Mütedeyyin Pîrî Beyzâde İbrâhim Ağa da Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın dâireleri kethüdâsı oldu.
1088 senesi muharreminde Murâd Beyzâde Ahmed Ağa yine Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi olup câmi-i şerîf’in itmâm-ı tamirine me’mûr oldu. Çünkü muhârebelerin tevâlisinden dolayı hâsılat-ı vakfiye karzan bir kısmı maliyeye, kısm-ı diğeri Enderun hazinesine verilmiş olduğundan Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii bir türlü ikmâl edilememişdi.
Bununla beraber vezâifi verilmekte idi. Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii’nin bu zamanda hademesi, kuyûd-ı vakfiye idâresinde Ahkâm Defterinde mestûr olduğu üzere şunlardı: [166]
Hatîb Ali Efendi, kürsü şeyhi Hızır Efendizâde Ya’kûb Efendi, imâm-ı evvel Sinan Efendizâde Nasûh Efendi, imâm-ı sânî Hocazâde Halil Efendi, müezzinbaşı Hacı Mustafa Efendi, Sânî Mehmed Çelebi, Sâlis Osmân Çelebi, Râbî Hüseyin Efendi, Kayyımbaşı Mustafa Ağa, Kayyım-ı sânî Hamza Çelebi, evkâf-ı Sultâniyye kâtibi hattât-ı meşhûr Kâsımzâde Mustafa Efendi.
İmâretin masârıf ve vezâifi hademesi umûmen tamirat masarıfına hasredilmişdi. Yalnız müderrise ve mektebinin hademesi vezâifi de tamamıyla veriliyor, imaret işlemiyordu.
Rebîülâhirde Derviş Bey’in ref‘inden Kadızâde Hüseyin Bey Amasya alaybeyi ve cumâdelûlâ ortalarında nakîb es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi’nin ref‘inden Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa Amasya nâibi olup, ramazânda Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Anadolu müfettişi es-Seyyid Mehmed Paşa yine Mar’aş beylerbeyi olduğundan Amasya sancağı Pasin mutasarrıfı Mehmed Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was known by the name "Deli Emîr Mehmed Pasha." On the first day of Muharram 1087 [1676] he came as governor of Amasya for the fourth time. On the eleventh of Muharram Apardı İbrâhim Ağa was dismissed, and Mehmed Ağa of the Sixteenth (Mehmed Ağa of the sixteenth company), known as "Paşa Ağa," became janissary commander.
On the first day of Safar the nakîb Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa, who had gained influence among the sayyids, was dismissed, and es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, of the ulema, became deputy of the nakîbü'l-eşrâf. On the first day of Rabi' al-Awwal the Mufti of Amasya Îdî Bayram Efendi went to Istanbul; in his place Şeyhî Mehmed Efendi of Amasya, one of the great scholars, became deputy mufti.
At this time the sanjak of Kayseri was also given to the governor es-Seyyid Mehmed Pasha as an addition. In Rabi' al-Awwal el-Hâc Halil Ağazâde el-Hâc İbrâhim Ağa, of the notables of Ziyare, had a masjid, a school, and a fountain built there, brought his own quarter to life, and endowed twenty kuruş for their upkeep and repair.
On the twenty-sixth day of Sha'ban Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha died. In his place the deputy of the Imperial Stirrup (rikâb-ı hümâyûn kaymakamı, the vizier acting for the grand vizier at the sultan's side) Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha became grand vizier; and one of his ağas, his trusted deputy Gümüşlü Kürt Sefer Ağazâde Ahmed Ağa, became kethüda of the grand vizierate.
In Ramadan, Bayburdluoğlu Kara İbrâhim Ağa of Amasya, who had risen from the kethüdalık of the said grand vizier to mîrâhur-ı evvel, became Kaptan-ı Derya (grand admiral) with the rank of vizier. The deputy mufti Şeyhî Mehmed Efendi also became mufti of Amasya. On the first day of Dhu al-Qa'da, in place of Habîb Efendi, Hâfız Ahmed Efendizâde Abdülbâkî Efendi became kadı of Amasya for the second time; in his name Hattat Ahmed Efendi became naib of Amasya. On the eleventh of the month Seksenbirin Ahmed Ağa (Ahmed Ağa of the eighty-first company) became janissary commander.
On the fifteenth of Dhu al-Hijja, since bandits had arisen in the provinces of Sivas, Anatolia, Karaman, and Adana, the Governor of Amasya and Kayseri es-Seyyid Mehmed Pasha became inspector of Anatolia; Kuloğlu Abbas Ağa of Amasya, one of the grand vizier's ağas, came as mütesellim of Amasya. He was called "Zor Abbas Ağa."
Es-Seyyid Mehmed Pasha, together with the silahdar ağa Hasan Ağa and the kethüda of the janissary corps Osman Ağa, who had been assigned to his retinue, left Amasya and went toward Sivas. Gümüşlüzâde Çelebi İbrâhim Ağa became kethüda of the grand vizier's household (dâire), and Mütedeyyin Pîrî Beyzâde İbrâhim Ağa kethüda of Kara İbrâhim Pasha's household.
In Muharram 1088 [1677] Murâd Beyzâde Ahmed Ağa again became trustee of the Sultan Bâyezîd waqfs and was charged with completing the repair of the mosque. For because of successive wars part of the waqf's revenues had been given as a loan to the treasury and part to the Enderun treasury, and the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque had therefore never been completed.
Nevertheless the salaries of the staff were being paid. As written in the Ahkâm Defteri (register of orders) in the care of the waqf records, the staff of the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque in this period were as follows:
Khatib Ali Efendi; pulpit sheikh Hızır Efendizâde Ya'kûb Efendi; first imam Sinan Efendizâde Nasûh Efendi; second imam Hocazâde Halil Efendi; chief muezzin Hacı Mustafa Efendi; second muezzin Mehmed Çelebi; third muezzin Osman Çelebi; fourth muezzin Hüseyin Efendi; chief custodian (kayyımbaşı) Mustafa Ağa; second custodian Hamza Çelebi; clerk of the Sultan waqfs, the renowned calligrapher Kâsımzâde Mustafa Efendi.
The expenses of the imaret and the salaries of its staff had been devoted entirely to the repair costs. Only the salaries of the professor and the school staff were paid in full, while the imaret was not operating.
In Rabi' al-Thani Derviş Bey was dismissed and Kadızâde Hüseyin Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya. In the middle of Jumada al-Ula the nakîb es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi was dismissed and Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa became naib of Amasya. In Ramadan, since the Governor of Amasya and inspector of Anatolia es-Seyyid Mehmed Pasha again became beylerbeyi of Maraş, the sanjak of Amasya was given to Mehmed Pasha, governor of Pasin.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- teneffüz: gaining influence, having one's word carry weight
- kibâr-ı ulemâ: great scholars
- ilhâken: by adding, in addition
- ihyâ: bringing to life, making flourish
- tamir ve termîm: repair and upkeep
- rikâb-ı hümâyûn kâ'im-makâmı: the vizier who acted for the grand vizier at the sultan's side while the grand vizier was on campaign
- vekîl-i mu'temed: trusted deputy
- kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî: kethüda of the grand vizierate, the aide who ran the grand vizier's affairs
- sadr-ı müşârün-ileyh: the said grand vizier
- vezâretle Kaptan-ı Deryâ: commander of the fleet with the rank of vizier
- nâib: the assistant who stood in for the kadı
- Anadolu müfettişi: the authorized vizier sent to Anatolia to pursue bandits and investigate misconduct
- dâire: the mansion and retinue of a great person
- itmâm-ı tamir: completing the repair
- tevâlî: coming one after another
- hâsılât-ı vakfiye: waqf revenues
- karzan: as a loan
- vezâif: the salaries of the staff
- kuyûd-ı vakfiye: waqf records
- mestûr: written
- hademe: staff
- kayyım: the official who looked after the cleaning and maintenance of a mosque
- hasr: devoting solely to one task
The Death of Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha and Kara Mustafa Pasha's Grand Vizierate
The date Hüsameddin gives agrees exactly with present-day research. Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha died on the night of 26 Sha'ban 1087 [3 November 1676] at the Karabiber Farm between Çorlu and Karıştıran while traveling from Istanbul to Edirne, and Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, who had deputized for him during his illness, became grand vizier on 28 Sha'ban 1087 [5 November 1676]. That Kara Mustafa Pasha was from Merzifon, attached to the sanjak of Amasya, is the main reason for the rise through the ranks of the state in these years of many people of Amasya and Merzifon origin. Sefer Ağazâde Ahmed Ağa, Gümüşlüzâde Çelebi İbrâhim Ağa, and Kara İbrâhim Ağa, named in the entry, are men of this circle.
Kara İbrâhim Pasha
Kara İbrâhim Ağa, whom Hüsameddin calls "Bayburdluoğlu of Amasya," is the Kara İbrâhim Pasha who would later become grand vizier. According to biographical research, he was born in 1030 [1620-21] in the village of Handevrek in the kaza of Kelkit, attached to Bayburt, the son of a villager named Katırcı Ahmed; he was among the levends in the retinue of Abaza Hasan, fled for a time to Iran after the suppression of the revolt, and on his return, after serving at various households, attached himself to Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Ağa. During his patron's deputy grand vizierate he became kethüda of the grand vizierate, was called "Kara Kethüda," and in 1082 [1671] became mîrâhur-ı sânî (second master of the stables) and twenty-four days later mîrâhur-ı evvel. This information agrees with Hüsameddin's record "who rose from the kethüdalık of the grand vizier to mîrâhur-ı evvel."
As to the date of the kaptan-ı deryalık, there is a difference. Hüsameddin places this appointment in Ramadan 1087, that is, the month immediately following Kara Mustafa Pasha's grand vizierate. Yet research states that Kara Mustafa Pasha appointed İbrâhim Pasha to the kaptan-ı deryalık on 17 Ramadan 1088 [13 November 1677], in order to remove him from Mehmed IV's side, as he feared his influence over the sultan. Nineteen days later İbrâhim Pasha managed to have himself appointed deputy of the Imperial Stirrup and so return to the sultan's side. Given the precision of the sources in giving dates, it appears that there is a shift of one year in Hüsameddin's record. Hüsameddin's counting him as "of Amasya," given that the Pasha's birthplace is known as Kelkit, is also noteworthy; elsewhere in the work too it is written that Uzun Ahmed Efendi of Amasya served as imam to his "fellow townsman" Kara İbrâhim Pasha. This may arise from his family's having lived for a time in Amasya or from the Pasha's close ties with the Amasya area; the sources at hand do not clarify this point. Kara İbrâhim Pasha became grand vizier in 1683 after the execution of Kara Mustafa Pasha and died in 1098 [1687].
Zor Abbas Ağa
The life of Kuloğlu Abbas Ağa, who came to the mütesellimship of Amasya, is told in Hüsameddin's biographical volumes. He is the son of Koloğlu Mehmed Bey, one of the amirs of Amasya; he rendered services in the Cretan, Khotyn, and Vienna wars and was several times city steward of Amasya, mütesellim of Sivas, voivode of Tokat, and beytülmal emini of Amasya. Because he was very valiant he was called "Zor Abbas." When he was dismissed in 1098 he joined Yeğen Osman Pasha in resentment, took refuge during the suppression of the revolt with Dursun Mehmed Pasha, governor of Erzurum, and was sent from there bound to Istanbul and executed on 2 Muharram 1101 [October 1689].
The Staff of the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque and the Idle Imaret
The list of staff that Hüsameddin relates from the waqf's Ahkâm Defteri is a rare document showing how the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque operated in 1677. The pulpit sheikh Hızır Efendizâde Ya'kûb Efendi is the eldest son of the Exegete Hızır Efendi, who died in 1674; according to Hüsameddin his father had left him this pulpit sheikhship in 1078. It is known that Hızır Efendi mentions in the introduction to one of his works the insistence of his son "Ya'kûb el-Vehbî," and that Ya'kûb Efendi died in 1124 [1712]. That the waqf clerk Kâsımzâde Mustafa Efendi at the end of the list is called a "renowned calligrapher" also shows how intertwined calligraphy was with waqf and court clerkship in Amasya of the period.
The record following the list reveals a long-lasting consequence of the 1668 earthquake. The imaret, the soup kitchen of the complex, was not operating, all its revenues being devoted to repair; only the salaries of the madrasa professor and the school staff were paid. The transfer of part of the waqf revenues to the state treasury as a loan because of wars, for the repair of a complex whose domes had collapsed, whose minarets had been bent, and whose imaret and tabhane had been destroyed in the earthquake, prolonged the repair for years. In Murâd Beyzâde Ahmed Ağa's biography it is written that the imaret was put back into operation only during his fourth trusteeship, begun in 1094. The kitchen-imaret and tabhane buildings of the complex stand today; after remaining ruined for a long time they were repaired and used as a dormitory.
The Masjid in Ziyare
No information was found in another source about the masjid, school, and fountain built by el-Hâc İbrâhim Ağa, of the notables of Ziyare. The place Hüsameddin calls "Ziyare" is today the town of Ziyaret, right near Amasya, stretching along the bends of the Yeşilırmak. That in these years the sayyids and notables of Ziyare held an important place in the city administration of Amasya can also be understood from Ziyareli Mehmed Çelebi's being appointed city kethüda several times.
A Reading Note
In the last paragraph of the entry it is written that Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa became "naib of Amasya." Naibship means assistant to the kadı and is generally a post given to persons from the ulema; Koca Emîr, however, is a sayyid ağa who had earlier served as deputy nakîbü'l-eşrâf. That the same sentence speaks of the dismissal of the nakîb es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi suggests that what is meant here is the deputyship of the nakîbship; this is an inference.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 596–596. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, same edition, vol. 6, pp. 176–178 (Uzun Ahmed Efendi, Murâd Beyzâde Ahmed Ağa); vol. 9, p. 117 (Müfessir Hızır Efendi); vol. 11, p. 483 (Zor Abbas Ağa).
Academic studies
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kopruluzade-fazil-ahmed-pasa
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/merzifonlu-kara-mustafa-pasa
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "İbrâhim Paşa, Kara", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2000, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibrahim-pasa-kara
- Semavi Eyice, "Beyazıt II Camii ve Külliyesi (Amasya)", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/beyazit-ii-camii-ve-kulliyesi--amasya
Official sources
Other sources