Köprülüdür. Köprü Kazası dâhilinde meskûn Çerkeslerden Ali Ağa’nın mahdûmu ve Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’nın dâmâdı olan Siyavuş Paşa’nın hemşîrezâdesidir. Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa’nın himmetiyle enderûn sarayına girdi. Orada terbiye görüp tefeyyüz ederek Peşkîr Ağası oldu.
1095’de Kara İbrâhim Paşa sadârete gelince Köprülüzâdelerle etba’ı dûçâr-i nekbet olduğu esnâda sipâhilikle taşra çıkarıldı. Bunun üzerine Köprü’ye gelip Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın azl ü i’dâmında Siyavuş Paşa’nın hazînedârı ve 1099’da İkinci Sultân Süleyman Hân’ın cülûsuyla paşasının sadâretinde hazîne-i hümâyûn kethüdâsı oldu.
Ancak sene-i mezbûrede Siyavuş Paşa’nın zorbalar tarafından şehîd ve hânesinin gâret edilmesi hengâmında yine azl ve ihrâc edilerek Köprü’ye gitdi. Eşkiyânın tenkilinde hizmetler ederek 1101’de Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa sadârete geldikde kapıcıbaşı, 1102’de mîr-i alem oldu. [230]
Sadr-ı müşârün-ileyhin şehâdetinde yine menkûb olup 1103 senesi recebinde sadr-ı a’zam olan Merzifonî el-Hâc Ali Paşa’nın sâye-i ikbâlinde mîr-livâ ve 1105 şa’bânında Amcazâde Hüseyin Paşa’nın himmetiyle bâ-rütbe-i mîr-i mîrâni Malatya sancağı mutasarrıfı ve Niş Muhâfızı oldu.
1106’da Selânik beylerbeyi, 1107’de Muğla ve Menteşe mutasarrıfı, 1108 senesi rebiülevvelinde vezâretle Silistre vâlisi oldu. Sene-i mezbûre ramazânında kesret-i zulmetinden şikâyet edilmekle azl ve vezâreti ref’ ve emvâli müsâdere olunup kendisinden elli kese akçe alındıkdan sonra tenzîlen ağalıkla Güriş cânibinde bulunan Ali Paşa’nın ma’iyyetine me’mûr oldu.
1109 senesi muharreminde Nemçe seferi hasebiyle vezâreti ibkâ edilerek Aksaray, Arabkir ve Çorum sancakları mutasarrıfı ve Anadolu müfettişi oldu. Bu sefer de zulmünden şâkîleri divân-ı hümâyûna geldiğinden 1110 muharreminin on dokuzunda maktûlen vefât etdi. Sonra katline mübâşir olan mîrâhûr-ı sânî Salatacı Hasan Ağa katlinde ta’cîl etmekle azledildi. [231]
In Modern English
He was from Köprü. He was the son of the sister of Siyavuş Pasha, son of Ali Ağa, one of the Circassians living in the kaza of Köprü, and son-in-law of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. With the help of Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha he entered the Enderun palace. Trained and educated there, he became peşkir ağası (keeper of the sultan's towels).
In 1095 [1684], when Kara İbrâhim Pasha came to the grand vizierate and the Köprülüzâdes and those attached to them met with misfortune, he was sent out from the palace to the provinces as a sipahi. Upon this he came to Köprü. After the dismissal and execution of Kara İbrâhim Pasha he became treasurer of Siyavuş Pasha; in 1099 [1687], with the accession of Sultan Süleyman II, during his master's grand vizierate he became steward (kethüda) of the imperial treasury.
But in the same year, when Siyavuş Pasha was martyred by the rioters and his mansion plundered, he was again removed from his post and went to Köprü. Having rendered services in the clearing out of the bandits, when Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha came to the grand vizierate in 1101 [1689] he became kapıcıbaşı, and in 1102 [1690-91] mîr-i alem.
With the martyrdom of the said grand vizier he again fell from favor; thanks to the patronage of Merzifonlu Hacı Ali Pasha, who became grand vizier in Rajab 1103 [March 1692], he became a sanjak governor, and in Sha'ban 1105 [March-April 1694], with the help of Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha, he became mutasarrıf of the sanjak of Malatya with the rank of beylerbeyi and garrison commander of Niš.
In 1106 [1694-95] he became beylerbeyi of Salonica, in 1107 [1695-96] mutasarrıf of Muğla and Menteşe, and in Rabi al-Awwal 1108 [October 1696] governor of Silistre with the rank of vizier. In Ramadan of the same year [March-April 1697], because he was complained of for the abundance of his oppression, he was dismissed, his vizierate was taken away and his property was confiscated; after fifty purses of akçe were taken from him, his rank was lowered to ağa and he was assigned to the retinue of Ali Pasha, who was in the Güriş region.
In Muharram 1109 [July-August 1697], on account of the campaign against the Nemçe, his vizierate was restored and he became mutasarrıf of the sanjaks of Aksaray, Arapkir and Çorum and inspector of Anatolia. This time too, because those complaining of his oppression came to the imperial divan, he was killed on the nineteenth of Muharram 1110 [July 1698]. Afterward Salatacı Hasan Ağa, second chief of the stables, who was charged with carrying out his execution, was dismissed for having been hasty in the killing.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- hemşîrezâde: sister's son, nephew
- enderûn: the inner part of the palace and the palace school there
- Peşkîr Ağası: the inner-service page who looked after the sultan's towels and napkins
- dûçâr-ı nekbet: one who has met with misfortune; etbâ': followers, men attached to someone
- hazînedâr: the official who looked after a pasha's treasury
- hazîne-i hümâyûn kethüdâsı: the steward of the state treasury
- tenkîl: suppression, eliminating by punishment
- mîr-i alem: the palace ağa responsible for the sultan's standard, horsetail banners and military band
- menkûb: fallen from favor; mîr-livâ: sanjak governor; mîr-i mîrân: beylerbeyi
- müsâdere: confiscation of property by the state; tenzîlen: by lowering the rank
- Nemçe: Austria
- maktûlen: by being killed; mübâşir: the official charged with carrying out a task
A Career in the Shadow of the Köprülü Dynasty
İbşir Hasan Pasha's life is closely tied to the ups and downs of the fortunes of the Köprülü family in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. His maternal uncle Siyavuş Pasha, of Abaza origin, had been one of the slaves of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha; he served in his household, married his daughter Ayşe Hatun, and for this reason was called by the epithet "Köprülü Damadı" (son-in-law of the Köprülü). It should be noted here that Hüsameddin counts İbşir Hasan Pasha's father among the Circassians living in Köprü, while Siyavuş Pasha is known to have been of Abaza origin; although the family was of Caucasian origin, the two sources give different tribal names.
The first break in the entry is the purge of 1095. With the dismissal and execution of Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha in December 1683 a purge movement against the Köprülüs began, and the new grand vizier Kara İbrâhim Pasha's rancor against the Köprülü family led to Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha's retirement. Siyavuş Pasha too was removed from his post in Edirne on 16 Muharram 1095 [4 January 1684]. Hüsameddin's saying that İbşir Hasan was sent out from the palace to the provinces in the same year is entirely consistent with this purge.
The second break comes in 1099 [1688]. Siyavuş Pasha became grand vizier on 23 September 1687 and saw Süleyman II's accession in this post. But the ringleaders of the soldiers who rebelled on the return from the campaign came to dominate state affairs, and on 1 March 1688 the janissaries besieged Siyavuş Pasha's palace. The Pasha defended the palace with about fifty men, and the next morning, on 28 Rabi al-Akhir 1099 [2 March 1688], he died in the fighting; his son Hüseyin Pasha also lost his life in this fighting. The historians of the period record with shame and curses the torments inflicted on the body of the former grand vizier, on his wife, the daughter of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and on his harem, and the plundering of the palace until noon. This is the event that Hüsameddin summarizes as "his martyrdom by the rioters and the plundering of his mansion"; that the nephew, who was steward of the treasury, lost his post in this turmoil is not surprising.
Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha, Hacı Ali Pasha and Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha
The dates Hüsameddin gives also agree with the dates on which the grand viziers who patronized İbşir Hasan Pasha came to office. Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha was brought to the grand vizierate on 11 Muharram 1101 [25 October 1689], and on 24 Dhu al-Qa'da 1102 [19 August 1691], at Slankamen, when he came forward to encourage the soldiers against the Austrian forces, he was martyred by a bullet. Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha became grand vizier in place of Arabacı Ali Pasha on 9 Rajab 1103 [27 March 1692] and remained in this office for about a year; the sources of the period remember him for his rectitude and honesty. The text says that İbşir Hasan rose to the sanjak governorship thanks to "Merzifonî Hacı Ali Pasha, who became grand vizier in Rajab 1103"; the month Hüsameddin gives agrees exactly with the date of his coming to the grand vizierate.
Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha, who brought about his transfer to the mutasarrıflık of Malatya in Sha'ban 1105 [March-April 1694], was the son of Hasan Ağa, younger brother of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. He was not yet grand vizier at that time; in 1689 he had become garrison commander of Boğazhisar with the rank of vizier, at one point served again as deputy grand vizier (sadaret kaymakamı) and garrison commander of Boğazhisar, in December 1694 was brought to the grand admiralty, and became grand vizier only on 13 September 1697. Hüsameddin's saying "through his himmet" shows that this relative had, even before becoming grand vizier, the influence to look after members of the family in those years.
His End
What Hüsameddin relates about İbşir Hasan Pasha's last years is a twice-repeated complaint of oppression and finally an execution by decision of the imperial divan. The nineteenth of Muharram 1110 corresponds to the end of July 1698; this falls during the grand vizierate of Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha. That is, he was killed during the grand vizierate of the relative who had looked after him at one period of his career. That Salatacı Hasan Ağa, charged with carrying out the execution, was dismissed "for being hasty" suggests that after the execution order a possibility of a pardon or a re-examination may have arisen, but the text says nothing else on this.
This Pasha should not be confused with İbşir (İpşir) Mustafa Pasha, who served as grand vizier in the middle of the seventeenth century. He is the person who, in another place in Hüsameddin's work, is described as İbşir Pasha living in Sivas whose wife was demanded by Sultan İbrâhim; İbşir Mustafa Pasha was executed on 5 Rajab 1065 [11 May 1655]. No source other than Hüsameddin could be reached on İbşir Hasan Pasha; whether he appears in the chroniclers' records could not be verified in this study.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 78–79. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vols. 1-4, Amasya Belediyesi e-book, p. 571 (events of 1057-1058).
Academic studies
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, entry "Siyavuş Paşa, Köprülü Damadı" (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/siyavus-pasa-koprulu-damadi).
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kopruluzade-fazil-mustafa-pasa).
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, entry "Hacı Ali Paşa" (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/haci-ali-pasa).
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, entry "Amcazâde Hüseyin Paşa" (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/amcazade-huseyin-pasa).
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, entry "İpşir Mustafa Paşa" (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ipsir-mustafa-pasa).