INTRODUCTION (8) (Mukaddime)

In Modern English

33- "Savakça Quarter": It is below the Soğuk Pınar, at the far east end of Amasya; it is bounded in the east by Lokman Dağı, in the west by the stream, in the south by Soğuk Pınar and in the north by Ahır Önü. His Excellency "Erzincanlı Abdurrahman Halvetî," one of the Safavid halifes, lived here and had a fountain made in front of his lodge and a small wooden "savak-havuz" (trough-pool) beneath it; for this reason that pool was called "Savakça," and later this name became the special name of the quarter. Today it is called "Savahça Mahallesi" among the people. As in the matter of "Şeyh Kırık-Şeyh Galalarîk," some people wrote this "Savakça" as "Sevâdiye" and it entered the official records in this form. But this spelling appeared after the year 980 [1572-73]; in the old records it appears as "Savakça Mahallesi." What connection the words "sevâdiye" (meaning "sparrow" in Arabic) and "sevâd" (meaning "dark shape" and "the villages around a city") have with this quarter cannot be understood. In this quarter there are the "Murad Ağa Mescidi," the "Abdurrahman Madrasa" and the "Savakça Çeşmesi." The mescit was built around 1029 [1619-20] by "Murad Ağa," one of the çavuşes of the Imperial Divan. The madrasa will be spoken of shortly. Today no trace remains of these; though the fountain stands in its place, its name has changed.

34- "Sofuzade Quarter": It is below the "Gümüşlüzade Quarter" and is bounded in the east by "Yakutiye," in the west and south by the "Gümüşlüzade" quarters and in the north by the Yeşilırmak. It is on the site where the "Gıyaseddin Şah Garden" formerly was. Because "Sofu Bayezid Çelebizade Mahmud Çelebi," teacher and adviser of "His Majesty Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Han," lived in this quarter, it was called "Sofuzade Mahallesi."

The said "Mahmud Çelebi" had a mescit built in this quarter in 835 [1431-32], and in 843 [1439-40] "Şahbula Hatun, daughter of Mustafa Bey," wife of "Yörgüç Paşa," had a school and fountain built beside this mescit, and both arranged their waqfs. There is also a Kadirî lodge in this quarter, to be explained shortly. "Sofu Mehmed Paşa," one of the viziers of Süleyman Han the Magnificent, was born in this quarter.

35- "Sofular Quarter": It is on the northeast foot of Gedikli Kaya and is bounded in the east by the Pir İlyas Cemetery, in the west by Gümüşlüzade, in the north by the Yakutiye and Mehmed Paşa quarters and in the south by the foothills of Balus Kayası. This quarter was formerly known by the name "Behram Şah Mülkü"; because it was the place where some nine well-known sufis lived in the time of His Excellency Pir İlyas and the Abdurrahman Çelebis, it was called "Sofular Mahallesi."

In this quarter "Emir Mübarizeddin Behram Şah" had a mescit and a fountain built; this is called the "Behram Şah Mescidi." Later "Gümüşlüzade Hoca Celal Çelebi" had a large lodge built for His Excellency the Pir at the head of the quarter, on a high place; this lodge was given the name "Kasr-ı Sofiyan" (Palace of the Sufis) in the time of "Pir Abdurrahman Çelebi."

Later, in the time of Sultan Bayezid Han II, "Hacı Sinan Beyzade Abdullah Paşa," one of the beylerbeyis, in 890 [1485] had a masonry and exceedingly strong mosque built, with a minaret on its east side and, in front of it, a madrasa and a dârülkurra (school of Qur'an recitation); since he died soon after, his son the defterdar "Abdi Abdülkerim Bey" arranged its waqfs in 907 [1501-02].

This mosque is on Sofular Caddesi (Sufis' Street); because it is high, it is reached by a stone staircase. The inner side of the door at the head of the staircase is the front courtyard of the mosque, covered with a dome. On the two sides of the courtyard there are two rooms each; these rooms are its madrasa. In front of this courtyard there is again a stone staircase, and the mosque is entered by its great door. Its facade is made of black stone, and over its door there is this inscription:

An Arabic inscription meaning: "This darülhadis, with God's help upon it, in the days of Sultan Bayezid, God forgive them both, Abdullah Paşa son of Hacı Sinan built in the year eight hundred and ninety."

As this inscription shows, this mosque and madrasa were built as a darülhadis (school of hadith); this is also plainly stated in its waqf deed of 907.

36- "Acem Ali Quarter": It is at the end of Uzun Yol and is bounded in the east by Çırakçı and Pervane Bey, in the west by Çeribaşı, in the south by Darüsselam and in the north by Hoca Süleyman quarters. It took this name because "Hoca Hacı Acem Ali Ağa," one of the notables, lived here until 880 [1475-76].

The said Hoca had a fountain built in front of his house in this quarter and a school beside it; his grandson "Bali Bey, son of Mustafa Çelebi, son of Hoca Acem Ali Ağa," in 917 [1511-12] had a masonry mosque and, on its east side, a minaret built, and arranged its waqfs. That the architect who built this mosque was "Mahmud Çelebi" is carved on its side window, and that the builder was "Bali Bey" over its door.

The inscription is this: an Arabic inscription meaning "Bali Bey built this blessed mescit in the year nine hundred and seventeen."

Since the last part of this inscription is slightly broken, the upper half of the name "Bali" is broken. His name is written in the waqf deed registered in 917. This mosque was repaired several times and burned in 1271 [1854-55]; since its minaret also fell, it came to be known by the name "Yanık Minare" (Burnt Minaret).

37- "Fethiye Quarter": It is below the "Kuba" and is bounded in the east by the stream, in the west by "Hacı Hamza," in the south by "Kuba" and in the north by "Kılıççı" quarters. Since this place was formerly recorded by the name "Fetih Gazi Mülkü" and later called "Fethiye," it is understood that "Fetih Gazi," one of the guardians of Amasya, lived here. "Vazıh Efendi" writes that the name was given because this quarter was conquered first by "Re'sü'l-Menâbir" (head of the pulpits), who conquered the city.

In this quarter there is a mosque known by the name "Fethiye Camii"; its present structure shows that it was converted from a church. Its name points to its having been converted into a mosque around 510 [1116-17] by "Fetih Gazi." Since it was damaged in the earthquake of 1057 [1647], "Fethiyeli Mustafa Sıdkı Paşa" repaired it, and he and his sister "Ayşe Hanım," wife of "Can Mirza Paşa," arranged waqfs in property and cash. Just as in 1048 [1638-39] the pulpit sheikh "Hacı Hasan Efendi" endowed his properties and monies to this mosque and repaired it, in 1191 [1777] the trustee "Hacı Ali Ağa" also had it repaired. In 1300 [1882-83], when the trustee "İncezade Hacı Mehmed Arif Efendi" also repaired it and added a masonry minaret on its west side, an inscription carved on a marble that came to light was seen; it was reported that the mosque had been built at the beginning of the seventh century CE by princess "Elina," daughter of Phokas, one of the Byzantine emperors.

The judge of Amasya "Muslihîzade Abdurrahman Çelebi," known as "Molla Beylik," had a bathhouse built in this quarter; his son the kazasker "Molla Vildan Mehmed Çelebi" had a madrasa built over the bathhouse, and his son, the judge "Abdurrahman Çelebi," endowed the bathhouse in 912 [1506-07]. The bathhouse and madrasa are known by the names "Kadı Hamamı" and "Kadı Medresesi"; the madrasa has wholly disappeared and even its site is lost.

38- "Kuba Quarter": "Kaf" is read with damma (Kuba). It is on a high place below Köşk Kayası. It is bounded in the east by the stream, in the west by the road, in the south by Köşk Kayası and in the north by the Fethiye Quarter. Its old name is "Kubalı Mahallesi." Because "Cemaleddin Hüseyin bin Muhammed el-Fergânî el-Kubâvî," of the Husaynid sayyids and of the people of the town of "Kuba" in the province of Fergana, known in Amasya as "Kubalı Şeyh," lived here until 810 [1407-08], it was called "Kubalı Mahallesi" and then "Kuba Mahallesi."

The grandson of the said sayyid, "Şeyh Hüsameddin Hüseyin el-Halvetî," in 857 [1453] had a madrasa, beside it a mosque and fountain, and a tomb for himself built in this quarter and arranged their waqfs. Since the mosque and madrasa fell into ruin in 1079 [1668-69], the mütesellim of Amasya "Kubalı Abdi Bey" rebuilt the mosque in 1080 [1669-70], and his son "Mehmed Paşa" developed the madrasa in 1105 [1693-94] and added a school.

39- "Karatay Quarter": It is in the İçeri Şehir and is bounded in the east by Camii Enderun, in the west by Kurşunlu, in the south by Hatuniye quarters and in the north by the mountain; it is attributed to "Celaleddin Karatay," one of the Seljuk emirs who was fortress dizdar and guardian of Amasya. The west side of this quarter is known as "Yağıbasaniye." Here "İmadzade Mahmud Çelebi" in 807 [1404-05] had a lodge and guesthouse built, "Şeyh Hayreddin Hızır Efendi" in 941 [1534-35] a mescit, and beside it "Ayıntaplı Kara Osman Efendi," one of the great scholars, in 1148 [1735-36] a lecture hall, each arranging his waqfs. The said mescit is known as "Şeyh Mescidi"; the second "Şeyh Hızır Efendi," one of his grandsons, renewed it in 1058 [1648] and expanded its waqfs.

40- "Kazancı Quarter": It is recorded in old records by the name "Kazancı Doğan Mahallesi." It is above the Saraçhane Quarter; it is bounded in the east by Kocacık, in the west by Bozahane, in the south by Hoca Süleyman and in the north by "Saraçhane" quarters. It was formerly the site of the "Şehinşah Garden." [Kazancı Doğan], dismissed from the post of sekbanbaşı and sent to Amasya in 856 [1452] and having lived here, gave the quarter his name and fame. The quarter's old name is "Kaya Paşa Mahallesi."

In this quarter there are a bathhouse and a school that "Kaya Paşa" had built in 805 [1402-03]. In 890 [1485] "Büyük Kapıağası Hüseyin Ağa" had a large bedesten built, beside it "Kızlarağası Firuz Ağa" another bedesten, and south of this, also in 890, "Kilari Selim Ağa" a masonry mosque and a minaret beside it, each arranging his waqfs. Over the door of the mosque these couplets are carved:

Arabic couplets, whose final expression gives the date 890 by the ebced calculation, meaning: "O mescit, may God make you blessed; the intellect is unable to count your merits. His Excellency Selim Ağa, whose goodness belongs to God, built you. The Merciful God granted such a chronogram: 'God exalted the glory of its owner.'"

It is understood from the sharia registers that the construction of the mosque was finished in the year 890 that this exact date shows, and that its waqf deed was drawn up in 900 [1494-95]. But judging by its being known and recorded among the people and in most of the records by the name "Kilari Süleyman Ağa Camii," it occurs that the expression "Selim Ağa" seen in the inscription may have been chosen because the word "Süleyman Ağa" did not fit the meter of the line. The mescit seen in ruin above the ruined bathhouse of "Kaya Paşa," however, is the work of His Excellency "Molla Bahşi Halife," one of the virtuous; he arranged its waqf deed in 823 [1420].

41- "Kamereddin Quarter": It is north of the Meydan Köprü and is bounded in the east by Ahi Sabıkeddin, in the west by Hekim Çelebi quarters, in the south by the Yeşilırmak and in the north by the mountain. Because "Kamereddin el-Hadim," raised in the service of the governor of Amasya "Mübarizeddin Halife Alp" and one of the emirs, lived here until around 641 [1243-44], it was called "Kamereddin Mahallesi."

Here "Emir İmadeddin Süli Bey" has a mescit and a bathhouse; since it fell into ruin in 1079 [1668-69] the mütesellim of Amasya "Hacı Ali Ağa" renewed it, and since it burned in 1143 [1730-31] the notable "Sancızade Hacı Hasan Ağa" had it repaired. On the river bank "Fahrünnisa Hatun," daughter of the emir "Ebubekir Bey," in 914 [1508-09] had a mescit and a school beside it built and arranged their waqfs.

42- "Kocacık Quarter": It is below the Uzun Mustafa Quarter and is bounded in the east by Selağzı, in the west by Kazancı, in the south by Uzun Mustafa and in the north by Saraçhane quarters. It took this name because "Hoca Hacı Ahmed Çelebi," known as "Kocacık," lived here and in 871 [1466-67] had a mescit, school and fountain built.

This mescit has been renewed several times. "Hacı Beyzade Mehmed Bey" in 1071 [1660-61] developed this mosque and endowed income-yielding properties; since it burned again, in 1230 [1814-15] "Benderli Hacı Feyzullah Ağa," one of the merchants, had it rebuilt and revived it, and by having a madrasa built on the qibla side and a school beside it arranged its waqfs. The tomb of His Excellency "İğnecizade Şeyh Safiyyeddin Mahmud el-Halvetî," one of the well-known saints, is in this quarter.

43- "Kurşunlu Quarter": It is in the İçeri Şehir, near the west of the Yukarı Hamam, and is bounded in the east by Karatay, in the west by Ahi Sadeddin quarters, in the south by the Yeşilırmak and in the north by the mountain. This quarter is the "Yağıbasaniye." "Yağıbasan Gazi," one of the Danishmendid rulers, had a large han built here, and this building has been known as the "Yağıbasan Hanı" since 560 [1164-65]. Later his grandson "Cemal Gazi Bey" repaired it and covered its top with lead, so it was called "Kurşunlu Han" (Leaded Han), and later the word "Han" was dropped and the name "Kurşunlu" remained as the special name of this quarter. This is understood from studies made on the old records.

The palace of Seljuk Sultan Mesud was in this quarter; later it passed from the judges to the Mesud family, and of these "Alaeddin Ali Çelebi, son of Ebü'l-Kasım Ahmed, son of Mesud," in 840 [1436-37] had a mescit and, in front of it, a fountain built on the river bank and arranged their waqfs. Since it burned in the bandit incident, the former grand vizier "Bayram Paşa," who came to Amasya in 1047 [1637-38], revived it and expanded its waqfs. The bathhouse known as "Yukarı Hamam" is at the head of this quarter; it is counted among the works of Seljuk Sultan Mesud that remain in Amasya. This too is among the Hatuniye waqfs.

44- "Kılıççı Quarter": It is on the qibla side of the Burmalı Minare Mosque and is bounded in the east by the stream, in the west by Pervane and Çırakçı, in the south by Fethiye and in the north by Uzun Mustafa quarters. While it was formerly known and recorded by the names "Kılıç Mahallesi" and then "Cumudar Mahallesi," it was called "Kılıççı Mahallesi" because "Kılıççı Yusuf Bey," one of the emirs of "Sultan Selim Han I," rose and won fame from this quarter and in 917 [1511-12] had a mescit built beside the stream and arranged its waqfs.

45- "Küpceğiz Quarter": It is at the foot of Karakaya and is bounded in the east by the Uzunyol Cemetery, in the west by the Çıkrıkçı Quarter, in the south by the mountain and in the north by Receb and Üçler quarters. Since in the old records this name is recorded as "Gökceğiz Veled Soruk" (Gökceğiz, son of Soruk) and the quarter as "Gökceğiz Mahallesi," it is certain that "Küpceğiz" is a corrupted form of the name "Gökceğiz." This person we call "Küpceğiz" is "Bahaeddin Gökceğiz," of the "Salur" tribe and one of the emirs of Seljuk "Sultan Mesud"; since he lived in this place until around 575 [1179-80], the quarter was given his name.

"Hüsameddin Kepük Salgurî," one of the Seljuk emirs and son-in-law of the grand vizier "Mühezzebeddin Ali," around 660 [1261-62] had a small mescit built in this quarter, and it was called "Kepük Mescidi." Later "Davud Bey" around 800 [1397-98] renewed this mescit, arranged its waqfs and had a school built beside it separately; in 957 [1550] "Ali Çelebi, son of Mansur Çelebi," in 1108 [1696-97] its trustee "Hacı Abdülkadir Ağa," and later his grandson "Hafız Hacı Mehmed Ağa" had the mescit rebuilt.

46- "Köprübaşı Quarter": It is south of the Alçak Köprü and is bounded in the east by Saraçhane, in the west by Eski Kethüda, in the south by Kazancı quarters and in the north by the Yeşilırmak. It took this name because it is at the head of the said bridge. At the head of the bridge the former governor of Anatolia "Ömer Paşazade Hacı Osman Bey" in 1161 [1748] had a mescit built and arranged its waqfs; although his children administered it well, it later fell into ruin because it was not looked after. In 1300 [1882-83] the deputy judge (naib) of Amasya "Vidinîzade Hacı Mehmed Emin Efendi" revived this mescit in an exceedingly perfect and elegant form.

The said "Hacı Osman Bey" kept his name alive by having a darülhadis, a library and a fountain built in this quarter. Adjoining his house there are two bathhouses side by side; known as the "Alaca Hamamı," they remained in the possession of "Alaca Yahya Bey, son of Yakup Şah Çelebi," until 875 [1470-71]. It is recorded that the bathhouse at the north head of the bridge is among the works of the Seljuk Şehinşah, ruler of Amasya; but no clear information could be seen on these two bathhouses.

Judging by the condition of these two bathhouses and their being at the same level as the Alçak Köprü Hamamı, it is understood that they are Seljuk works. Considering that the said "Yahya Bey" was among the grandsons of the emir of Amasya "Şadgeldi Paşa" and that the bathhouses passed to him by inheritance, these too should have been works of the said pasha; but that these two bathhouses existed in Amasya before the birth of Şadgeldi Paşa shows that they are not among his works. These bathhouses are among the waqfs of Hacı Osman Bey.

47- "Gökmedrese Quarter": It is east of the "Torumtay Tomb," known as the "Kılıç Arslan Türbesi," and is bounded in the east by Şamice and in the south by Şeyh Kırık quarters and the mountain, in the north by the Yeşilırmak, and in the west by the road and cemetery. It was formerly "Güdül Mülkü" and called "Güdül Mahallesi." In 665 [1266-67] the governor of Amasya, beylerbeyi "Emir Seyfeddin Torumtay," had a mosque and madrasa built in this quarter; since its madrasa became known by the name "Gökmedrese," this name became the special name of the quarter.

The facade of the mosque, which includes the madrasa, is exceedingly artful, and the flowers in relief on the stone are worth seeing. Because its front is high, it has a two-sided stone staircase, a platform before its door, and an unequaled and artful wooden door that stands in exceedingly strong condition as if made of black marble. From the inscription "Amile Ebu's-Silm en-Neccâr" (the carpenter Ebu's-Silm made this) carved on the central post of the door, it is understood that the door was made by "Ebu's-Silm en-Neccâr."

When one enters through the door there is a broad space covered with a dome. On the two sides of the door there is a room each, on its left wing a large tomb, and beneath this tomb a deep room reached by a stone staircase. Explanations of these will be given in the account of madrasas and tombs.

The mosque is entered by another door in front of this square space. This mosque is made of large stones; since the inscription over its door has been removed, an inscription has been placed stating that it was repaired in 1316 [1898-99] by the trustee "Gürcüzade Mehmed Necib Bey." Opposite it is the tomb of the late "Torumtay." The administration of the waqf was assigned, in the founder's lifetime, to his grandson "Emir Celaleddin Mehmed Pervane Bey, son of Emir Mübarizeddin Musa," and to his children.

North of this quarter, within a garden, the beylerbeyi "İsmail Bey," known as "Bayram Beyzade Melik Gazi Bey" among the Ottoman emirs, in 819 [1416-17] had a lodge built and arranged its waqfs, the administration of the waqf was carried out by his children; the lodge's sheikh and trustee "Sünbül Mehmed Efendi" also added a mescit to it in 1245 [1829-30].

Adjoining the west of this lodge, "Ata Beyzade Yörgüç Paşa," one of the Ottoman viziers, within an enclosure wall of his own, had built an exceedingly artful, small and heart-soothing, exceedingly strong mosque with a marble facade and reddish stone on all four sides, with a minaret on its east side, a tomb for himself and his children at the side of the door, an imarethane opposite, and a four-cell madrasa on the two sides of the mosque, and completed them in 834 [1430-31]. Over its door, on red marble adorned with green flowers, in an exceedingly artful manner, this Arabic inscription is carved:

An Arabic inscription meaning: "This blessed imaret for the poor and the needy; in the time of the exalted sultan and great khan, helper of the religion and the world, lord of conquests, Sultan Murad, son of the late Sultan Mehmed known as Osmanoğlu, may God make his sovereignty last, the great emir and worthy vizier, the glory of the state and the religion, Atabeyî Yörgüç Paşa son of Abdullah, had it built at the beginning of the year eight hundred and thirty-four."

The waqf deed of these charitable works was drawn up in 840 [1436-37]. On the southwest side of the mosque, near the highway, there is an exceedingly elegant and small bathhouse; it is known as the "Çardaklı Hamam." This too is waqf. It was in working order until 1296 [1879]; in that year its furnace (külhan) and sides split in the river's overflow. Although it could be repaired with a small effort, in the time of the absolutist regime that begrudged that small effort it has remained unworkable, and the waqf's revenues are going to waste.

48- "Gümüşlüzade Quarter": It is on the east side of Selağzı and is bounded in the east by Yassıkaya and the Sofular Quarter, in the west and south by Selağzı and the stream, and in the north by the Sofuzade Quarter. Because "Sultan Gıyaseddin Mehmed Şah," prince of Seljuk "Sultan Mesud," lived in this quarter, it was called "Gıyaseddin Şah Mülkü"; and, in relation to "Gümüşlüzade Taceddin Mahmud Çelebi," who was emir of Amasya until 927 [1520-21], it appears in the official records by the name "Gümüşlüzade Mahallesi."

The said "Gümüşlüzade Taceddin Mahmud Çelebi" had a mosque built on a high place of this quarter in 725 [1325] and arranged its waqfs in 727 [1326-27]. It is seen in his waqf deed drawn up in 805 [1402-03] that when he endowed the "Helkis Garden" this mosque was called "Taciye Camii."

Since it was damaged by an earthquake in 818 [1415-16], "Gümüşlüzade Ahmed Paşa" repaired it; later, since it burned, "Ahmed Bey, son of Ahmed Paşazade Defterdar Abdullah Bey," in 890 [1485] revived it as a masonry building, had a minaret built on its west side and arranged its waqfs. Over its door, on marble, this Persian inscription is carved:

A Persian inscription, whose last line gives the date as a chronogram, meaning: "This mosque was completed with God's help, in the time of the just padishah who listens to knowledge; tie the beginning of this building to the benefactor Ahmed Bey; its date is the words 'I meant the great mosque.'"

Since it burned in the bandit incident of 1011 [1602-03], the beylerbeyi "Şemseddin Paşa," one of the grandsons of this "Ahmed Bey," renewed it, and then in 1099 [1687-88] "Gümüşlüzade İbrahim Paşa" repaired it and expanded its waqfs. Later there were several earthquakes, and since it burned in a fire in 1133 [1720-21], the trustee "Hacı Mustafa Ağa" had it rebuilt in 1134 [1721-22].

In 1238 [1822-23] "Rahtuvan Paşazade Hacı Ali Bey," one of the notables, founded a preachership here and endowed his shops to the pulpit sheikhship of this mosque. These shops are, as waqf, in the possession of the grandchildren of "Vazıh Efendi." On the qibla side of this mosque "Fatma Hatun" had a madrasa built and arranged its waqfs in 1158 [1745].

In the "Çukur Bahçe" the defterdar "Şemseddin Paşa" had a mescit built and endowed his income-yielding properties in 1023 [1614]; at "Selağzı" "Ali Paşa" had a school built in 916 [1510-11] and arranged its waqfs; in 1100 [1688-89] "Gümüşlüzade İbrahim Paşa" also had a fountain built at "Selağzı" in front of the "Gümüşlüzade Muhyiddin Mehmed el-Halvetî Tomb." In the bazaar, "Topçuzade Hacı Abdurrahman Abdi Ağa" in 1218 [1803-04] had a mosque and a fountain in front of it built and endowed his shops. This mosque is called the "Eğri Cami" (Crooked Mosque).

49- "Mehmed Paşa Quarter": It is east of the "Tımarhane" and is bounded in the east by Pirinççi and Yakutiye, in the south by Yakup Paşa quarters and in the north by the Yeşilırmak. While formerly known by the name "Dugrakiye Mahallesi," from 890 [1485] it began to be called "Mehmed Paşa Mahallesi," and the name "Dugrakiye" remained only as the name of the madrasa.

In this quarter the governor of Amasya "Nureddin Tuğrak" in 631 [1233-34] had a mescit built on the river bank and, south of its adjoining space, an exceedingly strong tomb for himself. Over its door this Arabic inscription is carved:

An Arabic inscription meaning: "The building of this blessed mescit was ordered by the Hunt Emir (emîr-i şikâr) Hacı Tuğrak in the year six hundred and thirty-one, in the time of the exalted sultan, greatest of the shahanshahs, possessor of the government of nations, exalted in religion and the world, lord of conquests, proof of the commander of the faithful, Keykubad son of Keyhüsrev."

The vizier "Hızır Paşazade Mehmed Paşa," lala of Prince Sultan Ahmed, governor of Amasya, in 900 [1494-95] had built, east of the mescit, on the road, in a place looking toward the Yeşilırmak, a masonry mosque, on its west side a minaret, in front an imarethane and madrasa, and on its east side a tomb for himself, and surrounded these charitable works with a great enclosure wall.

The mosque is rectangular from east to west. Its minbar is exceedingly artful and adorned with flowers in relief on marble. Its qibla side is a broad garden. In front of it there is a small şadırvan, on its two sides a mahfil each, and two doors facing north. Its middle door is large and made of marble, and on it this Arabic inscription is carved:

An Arabic inscription meaning: "This blessed imaret was built in the time of the exalted sultan Bayezid Han, son of Sultan Mehmed Han, may God make his sovereignty last, by the great vizier Mehmed Paşa, may his rank increase, in the month of Muharram of the year nine hundred."

South of this mosque the said pasha had a Halvetî lodge built and arranged their waqfs. Besides, "Yörgüç Paşazade Mustafa Bey" in 840 [1436-37] had an elegant bathhouse built on the west side of this mosque; "Oruç Bey" in 910 [1504-05] a fountain on the qibla side; the judge "Hayreddin Efendi" in 987 [1579-80] a mescit; "Şeyh Mehmed Ağa" in 1071 [1660-61] a darülkurra on the east side of the bathhouse, and before him "Nuh Bey" another darülkurra; "Ahıskalı Müftüzade Ali Efendi" in 1257 [1841-42] a madrasa inside the east gate of the "Mehmed Paşa Complex," beside his tomb; and in 1308 [1890-91] the trustee "Mehmed Bey," one of his grandsons, another madrasa on the west side on the road, and arranged their waqfs.

50 and 51- "Helkis Quarter": It lies over a length extending from the north side of the Alçak Köprü, over the Kuş Köprü, to the "Leğen Kaya"; it is bounded in the east and south by the Yeşilırmak, in the west by the Saray Quarter and in the north by Harşena Dağı. "Halkis," one of the Greek notables, lived here before the conquest; since its east side was his garden and its west side his house, his name remained here and was then lightened to "Helkis."

This quarter was formerly divided into two parts: the part up to in front of the "Saathane" on the west side of the "Hükümet Köprüsü" is called "Sade Helkis Mahallesi," and the side from here to the "Leğen Kaya" "Bağ Helkis Mahallesi." The former deputy of Amasya "İsmail Hakkı Paşa" was born in the "Sade Helkis Mahallesi."

Although it is established by records that around 690 [1291] "Hoca Muhibbeddin Mevdud-ı Ziyarî" had a mescit and a madrasa beside it built in this quarter, on which side it was could not be known. The whole of the east half of "Bağ Helkis" was endowed in 805 [1402-03] by "Şemseddin Ahmed Çelebi, son of Gümüşlüzade Bedreddin Mahmud Çelebi"; it is among the waqfs of the "Taciye Camii," that is, the "Gümüşlüzade Camii."

In this "Bağ Helkis Mahallesi," in 1018 [1609-10] "Mustafa Ağa," one of the çavuşes of the Imperial Divan, had a mescit and a school beside it built and arranged their waqfs; of the "Hacı Efendizades," his grandchildren, first "Hacı Ali Ağa," then "Hacı Ahmed Ağa" had them repaired again. While the whole west side of this mescit was the house and garden of the grand admiral (kaptan-ı derya) "Hafız Ali Paşazade Hacı Ahmed Mikdad Paşa," in 1281 [1864-65] "Ziya Paşa," mutasarrıf of Amasya, bought this place from "İzzet and Nuri Beys"; in its place he had built an exceedingly fine government mansion, behind it, at the mountain's edge, a general prison, and he made the pasha's selamlık the "Municipal Office" (Belediye Dairesi) and its upper floor the "Telegraph Office" (Telgrafhane). In 1312 [1894-95] a Police Office was also added east of the Municipal Garden.

The said mutasarrıf had a great Clock Tower built on the rock that forms the boundary between Bağ Helkis and Sade Helkis, in a place looking over the whole city, and had a large three-faced clock with four corners placed on its balcony; this too became a means of alerting the people. Adjoining this Saathane, in 1312 [1894-95], a Municipal Pharmacy was established and, opposite it, a Records Depot.

52- "Yakutiye Quarter": It is on the west side of the Tımarhane and is bounded in the east and south by Gümüşlüzade, in the north by Mehmed Paşa quarters and in the west by the Yeşilırmak. It was formerly on the site of the "Gıyaseddin Şah Garden" and was attributed to the name of "Sinaneddin Yakut Paşa," one of the Ottoman emirs, because he lived here.

In front of this quarter there is the "Darüşşifa" (hospital); today it is known among the people as "Tımarhane." This darüşşifa is built of stone, exceedingly strong, and the flowers in relief seen on its facade present a fine-arts panel resembling Seljuk works. The artful work seen over its door and on its side is not on its other side; but every part of it is exceedingly strong. Its inside is broad and square; on three of its four sides, that is, the north, south and east, it has three largish cells each, and on the two sides of the door one cell each. Before the cells there are stone columns, roofed over, open in the middle; it reminds one of the form of an old madrasa. Over its door this Arabic inscription is carved:

An Arabic inscription meaning: "God, whose sovereignty is exalted, enabled the weak servant Anber son of Abdullah to construct this blessed darüşşifa in the glorious days of the exalted sultan and great khan, helper of the religion and the world, Olcaytu Muhammed Han, may God make his sovereignty last, and of the queen of the great, the great lady İlduş Hatun, may her state increase; may God accept it from him. In the year seven hundred and eight."

At its side, in large letters, there is the expression "and the emir of Anatolia Ahmed." As these plain expressions show, this darüşşifa was built in 708 [1308-09] by "Anber Ağa" and the emir of Anatolia "Ahmed Bey," during the reign of the Tatar ruler "Sultan Olcaytu Muhammed Han Hudabende," in the glorious time of the said ruler's wife "İlduş Hatun." At the sides of this door there is one more inscription on a rectangular stone on each side, but they could not be read at all. Only on the southern stone are seen writings resembling the expression "Alaüddevle ve'd-din Ali," and on the northern stone "İbnü'l-merhum el-mağfuru leh Mehmed" (son of the late and forgiven Mehmed).

In old records it is generally recorded as "the Darüşşifa of the late Alaeddin," and in old judges' registers in the forms "the Darüşşifa of the late Alaeddin Ali," "the Darüşşifa of the late Pervane Bey" and "the Pervane's Darüşşifa." In old documents and histories it is written that the pervane of the last Seljuk ruler in Amasya, Sultan Mesud, was "İzzeddin Mehmed, son of Kutbeddin Osman," and that his sons were "Alaeddin Ali Pervane," "Nasıreddin Ahmed Pervane" and "Esededdin Cafer." According to this, it can be understood that "Anber Ağa" and "Ahmed Bey," who had this darüşşifa built, died without arranging its waqfs, and that since "Alaeddin Ali Pervane Bey" later arranged its waqf deed, the darüşşifa was attributed to "Alaeddin Pervane Bey." It is established by records that this "Alaeddin Ali" also arranged the waqf deed of the "Amasya Mevlevîhane."

Therefore this is the "Alaeddin Ali" the records show. As for the expression "Sultan Alaeddin," history is not suited to it. Since "Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad-ı Selçukî, son of Feramurz," counted the last of the Seljuk rulers, died before 807, he can never be this "Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin." In the Anatolian lands in this century no one else named "Sultan Alaeddin" is known. Its waqf deed is lost. In any case it is thought that the epithet "Alaeddin" led to its being recorded as the title "Sultan Alaeddin."

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

• müntehâ-yı şarkî: the east end
• mahdûd: bounded, surrounded
• savak / havud: a water trough placed beneath a fountain; according to the author's footnote, one of wood is called "savak" and one of stone "havuz"
• alem-i mahsûs: a proper name
• kuyûd-ı atîka: old records
• çavuşân-ı dergâh-ı âlî: the çavuşes of the Imperial Divan
• halîle: spouse, wife
• evkâfını tanzîm: to arrange one's waqfs, to have one's waqf deed written
• dârü'l-kurrâ: school where Qur'an recitation and readings are taught
• dârü'l-hadîs: a higher madrasa where the science of hadith is taught
• dârü'z-ziyâfe: guesthouse where food is given to travelers and the poor
• kürsî şeyhi: the sheikh who preaches from the pulpit in a mosque
• mütesellim: the deputy who governed a sanjak on behalf of the sanjak governor
• münderis: effaced, vanished
• mahkûk: carved (writing)
• târîh-i tâm: a chronogram line giving the full year by the ebced calculation
• sicillât-ı şer'iyye: the kadı registers
• tevliyet: administration of a waqf, trusteeship
• hucurât-ı erba'a: four cells
• külhan: the furnace section of a bathhouse
• dârü'ş-şifâ: hospital
• pervâne: the high official at the Seljuk court who wrote and transmitted the sultan's commands

The Value of the Quarter Records

This part of the introduction begins with the thirty-third item of the long list in which Hüsameddin presents the quarters of Amasya one by one and ends with the fifty-second item, the Darüşşifa in the Yakutiye Quarter. For each quarter the author first gives its boundaries, then explains where its name comes from, and then lists, with the names and waqf-deed dates of their builders, the mosques, mescits, madrasas, bathhouses and fountains in the quarter. A large part of this information rests on inscriptions, waqf deeds and judges' registers; a part is the author's own inference, and he often says so plainly. Modern research on the buildings that stand today confirms most of the dates Hüsameddin gives; the differences between them mostly arise from the reading of inscriptions. For this reason these pages are also valuable as the only record of very many mescits and schools of which no trace remains today.

Savakça and Erzincanlı Abdurrahman

The quarter Hüsameddin calls "Savakça" is today known by its official name Savadiye; that is, the spelling "Sevâdiye," which the author says appeared after the year 980, has become permanent. Some additional information on Abdurrahman Halvetî, who gave the quarter its name, is found in Halvetî studies. According to Kadir Özköse's study of the Halvetî lodges in Amasya, this person's full name is Abdurrahman Celaleddin Erzincanî el-Halvetî. He is the son of Kasım b. Ömer of Erzincan; he took his learning from Vecihiddin Ömer b. Abdülmuhsin el-Erzincanî, completed his Sufi training with Safiyyüddin Erdebilî and entered the ranks of his halifes. This is why Hüsameddin counts him among the "Safavid halifes"; here the word "Safavid" denotes not the later Safavid state but the order of Safiyyüddin Erdebilî. The sheikh came to Amasya in the time of Emir Nureddin Kutlu Şah, founded a lodge at Savadiye, and died in 775 [1373-74]. His tomb was in the east of the quarter, at the mountain's edge; this tomb, visited until recent times, has lost its site today. Hüsameddin's saying "no trace of these exists" has become even more certain in the century that has since passed.

Care must be taken not to confuse him with other sheikhs bearing the same name. There is also a "Şeyh Abdurrahman Erzincanî" tomb in the village of İndere in Adıyaman and in the town of Balaban in Darende; some sources note that these are different persons. The information that the Abdurrahman in Amasya died in 1373-74 shows that he is not the same person as the sheikh in Adıyaman who is said to have lived at the end of the fifteenth century.

The Sofular Mosque: A Darülhadis

The Abdullah Paşa building in the Sofular Quarter is one of the most striking works mentioned in this section. Hüsameddin, drawing attention to the word "darülhadis" in the inscription, says that the building was founded as a madrasa of hadith before being a mosque. Present research confirms this finding. According to studies on Ottoman darülhadises, the Abdullah Paşa Darülhadis (890/1485), founded in the time of Bayezid II, has survived to today with its inscription and original structure; in the inscription of this four-cell, middle-level darülhadis known as the Sofular Mosque, the expression "darülhadis" is plainly read. The building is also an exception from the point of view of architectural history: while nearly all Ottoman darülhadises follow the madrasa plan with an open courtyard and arcades, this building in Amasya has a design of its own that fuses the domed madrasa scheme with the plan of the tabhaneli, that is, zaviyeli, mosque of early Ottoman architecture. The domed front courtyard Hüsameddin describes, with two rooms on each side, is this combined plan itself.

The Fethiye Mosque and the Byzantine Church

That the Fethiye Mosque was converted from a Byzantine church is still accepted today. The church is thought to have been built in the seventh century by Helena, daughter of Emperor Phokas; this is the person Hüsameddin calls "princess Elina." Since Phokas reigned between 602 and 610, this information agrees with the date "beginning of the seventh century" the author gives. But the only basis of this information is a marble inscription that, according to Hüsameddin, was found in the repair of 1300 [1882-83] and whose present whereabouts is unknown; it must therefore be seen as a possibility. That the building was converted to a mosque in the Danishmendid period by Fetih Gazi, governor of Amasya, is also accepted.

Hüsameddin's note on "Re'sü'l-Menâbir" is also interesting. Vazıh Efendi ties the quarter's name to this person who first conquered the city; Hüsameddin, however, writes in his footnote that the one who conquered Amasya for the last time and definitively was Dânişmend Ahmed Gazi, and that the person Vazıh Efendi calls "Re'sü'l-Menâbir" must be he. The information on the mosque's minaret also agrees with present sources: to the mosque, which had no minaret at first, a minaret was added in 1883 by İncezade Hacı Mehmed. The mosque is set in the apse part of the church; for this reason its east facade is angular in the form of a half hexagon. Since the walls are wholly plastered and painted, it is not possible today to distinguish the original wall remains from the church. The mosque was repaired in 1956 and reopened for worship.

Kuba and the Kubalı Sheikhs

The memory of the sayyid family of Fergana that gave the Kuba Quarter its name lives today in the tomb inside the Kuba Mosque in the Çakallar Quarter. In Halvetî studies it is recorded that Kubalı Çelebizade Şeyh Hüseyin Halvetî lies in this tomb; the "Şeyh Hüsameddin Hüseyin el-Halvetî" whom Hüsameddin says had a madrasa, mosque, fountain and tomb built in 857 [1453] is this person. According to the same source he served Pir Abdurrahman Çelebi, son of Pir İlyas, took from him the religious and spiritual sciences, married his daughter, and served as professor at the Atabey Gazi Madrasa and as judge in Tokat and Sivas. The tomb was formerly a small room with masonry walls, covered with wood and tile; today in its place there is a domed mosque built by benefactors of Amasya.

The Kilari Mosque: Selim or Süleyman

On the question of the founder of the mosque in the Kazancı Quarter Hüsameddin takes an interesting path: he says the inscription writes "Selim Ağa" but that the people and most of the records say "Kilari Süleyman Ağa," and thinks that "Selim" may have been used in the inscription because the name "Süleyman" did not fit the meter. This remains a possibility. Today the building is called in official records the "Kilari Süleyman Ağa Camii"; in some descriptions, following the name in the inscription, it is written that it was built by Selim Ağa, steward of the pantry (kilerci) of the palace of Bayezid II. The date of construction is given as 1483 in some descriptions; Hüsameddin deduces from the chronogram line in the inscription the year 890 [1485]. The mosque still stands today between the Taşhan and the bedesten, in the place Hüsameddin calls "south of the bedesten"; it is a single-domed, single-minaret, square-plan building, and its dome with an octagonal drum rests on corner squinches.

Mübarizeddin, Lord of Kamereddin

Hüsameddin says that Kamereddin el-Hadim "was raised in the service of the governor of Amasya Mübarizeddin Halife Alp." This governor is most probably Halifet Gazi, known by his tomb in Amasya. Halifet Gazi was an emir who entered Seljuk service after the Danishmendid principality came to an end; he was appointed governor of Amasya in 619 [1222], in the time of Alaeddin Keykubad I, and in 1232 fell a martyr in a campaign against the Georgians and was buried in his tomb in Amasya. That the real title of a medical book translated from Persian in his name is Tuhfe-i Mübârizî suggests that the epithet Mübarizeddin was his. The information that Kamereddin lived until around 641 [1243-44] is also consistent with these dates.

The Gökmedrese Mosque

The Gökmedrese Mosque is among the best-preserved today of the buildings mentioned in this section. Hüsameddin's finding that "the inscription over its door has been removed" is still valid today: since the mosque's construction inscription has not been found, its exact date of construction is not known. But that the waqf deed drawn up by Seyfeddin Torumtay himself bears the date 665 [1266-67] shows that the construction was finished by that year at the latest; the date Hüsameddin gives is also this waqf-deed date. Today the building has only the repair inscription of 1316 [1898-99] and the master's name on the door frame. In the printed copy of the book the Arabic of this phrase appears as "Ebû Müslim"; the editor, examining the door now displayed in the museum, notes that the phrase can be read, as İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı also recorded, as "Ebu's-Silm en-Neccâr." Present encyclopedic sources give the same reading. The wooden door leaves Hüsameddin praises as "as if made of black marble" are displayed today in the Amasya Museum as a fine example of Seljuk woodwork worked in relief in the kündekâri technique.

What gave the building the name "Gökmedrese" (Blue Madrasa) is the purple and turquoise tile and glazed-brick decorations on the drum of the tomb adjoining the northeast of the mosque. Torumtay himself lies in the tomb he had built, dated 677 [1278-79], separated from the mosque by a street. The part Hüsameddin describes as "a large tomb on the left wing and a deep room beneath it reached by a stone staircase" is this adjoining tomb, rising over a funerary crypt; inside it today there are seven sarcophagi whose occupants are not known.

Yörgüç Paşa and His Mosque

The date 834 [1430-31] given on the basis of the inscription of the Yörgüç Paşa Mosque agrees exactly with present research. Yörgüç Paşa was the statesman whom Çelebi Mehmed, when he sent his twelve-year-old son Prince Murad to Amasya in 1414, placed beside him as lala. When Murad II came to the throne he became beylerbeyi of Rum in 826 [1423], brought the rebellious beys of the region to obedience, brought Hüsameddin Hasan Bey, ruler of Canik, to obedience and added the Ordu and Çarşamba region to Ottoman administration, and received the rank of vizier. He died in Zilhicce 845 [April-May 1442] and was buried in his tomb in this mosque. The expression "son of Abdullah, Atabeyî" in the inscription text Hüsameddin gives has drawn the attention of researchers: writing his father's name as Abdullah has suggested that he may have been of devshirme origin, and it has been argued that the title "atabeg" points to his own lalaship. The wife called "Şahbula Hatun" whom Hüsameddin mentions does not appear in the biographical entry we examined; there Çiçek Hatun, who has a waqf in Edirne, is recorded as his wife.

The mosque stands today; it is of the tabhaneli type, that is, with guest rooms at its sides, and has no last-congregation area. Because it is on the bank of the Yeşilırmak, over time it has suffered great damage from floods and its inside has been wholly renewed. The fate of the Çardaklı Hamam, which Hüsameddin says was ruined in the flood of 1296 [1879], points to the same danger. The author's writing for this bathhouse "the absolutist regime that begrudged a small effort when it could be repaired" is a reproach that recalls that the book was published in the years of the Second Constitutional Era.

The Gümüşlü Mosque

The mosque in the Gümüşlüzade Quarter stands today by the name "Gümüşlü Camii" on Yavuz Selim Square. The dates Hüsameddin gives largely coincide with present descriptions: the first wooden-roofed mosque was built in 1326 by Taceddin Mahmud Çelebi, was destroyed in the earthquake of 1419, and was then rebuilt in masonry. The person who had this second building made appears in some sources as Defterdar Mahmud Bey, in others as Defterdar Ahmed Bey, and the date varies between 1485 and 1491; Hüsameddin, relying on the Persian inscription at the door, gives Ahmed Bey and the year 890 [1485]. The repairs of Şemseddin Paşa after the fire of 1612 and of Gümüşlüzade İbrahim Bey in 1688 also appear in the sources; Hüsameddin's dates 1011 and 1099 are close to these records. That the mosque is called by the name "Gümüşlü" is also the result of this family's long patronage.

The Mehmed Paşa Mosque and a Difference of Date

The inscription of the Mehmed Paşa Mosque is one of the places where Hüsameddin's reading and the present reading part. Hüsameddin reads the year in the inscription as "nine hundred" and says the building was made in 900 [1494-95]. According to present research, however, the two-line Arabic inscription over the main door shows that the construction was completed in the month of Muharram of the year 891, that is, January 1486; the year 900 [1495] is the date of death of its founder Hızır Paşazade Mehmed Paşa. The author's own information that the quarter began to be called Mehmed Paşa Mahallesi "from the year 890" also agrees better with this early date. Likewise, the Halvetî lodge the author says the pasha had built south of the mosque is known to have been founded in 890 [1485] for the Halvetî sheikh Habib-i Karamanî.

The complex stands partly today. Of the group consisting of the mosque, madrasa, imaret, tomb, tabhane, lodge, fountain and burial ground, only the mosque, its side rooms and the tomb have survived to our day; the madrasa and imaret were lost by fire. The marble minbar Hüsameddin calls "exceedingly artful" stands in place as a work of art whose surface is adorned almost wholly with fine rumi and arabesque reliefs; the wooden door leaves are in the Amasya Museum. Mehmed Paşa lies not inside the tomb but among the graves in front of its door; one of the graves beside it belongs to his father Hızır Paşa and one to Habib-i Karamanî. To whom the sarcophagus without inscription inside the tomb belongs is given differently in the sources.

Ziya Paşa's Helkis

In describing the Helkis Quarter Hüsameddin leaves an important record of the nineteenth-century renewal of the city. The government mansion, prison, municipal office and telegraph office that the poet Ziya Paşa had built during his mutasarrıflık in Amasya show how post-Tanzimat provincial administration took its place in the city. The information on the Clock Tower agrees with present sources: the tower was built in 1865 by Ziya Paşa on the west side of the Hükümet (Helkis) Bridge and was damaged in a fire soon after its construction. It was also damaged in the earthquake of 1938 and was pulled down in February 1940 while the wooden bridge beside it was being renewed in reinforced concrete. Today's tower was rebuilt true to the original in 2002. The wooden honeycomb part of this tower, which resembles a minaret with square base and cylindrical shaft, has clock faces looking in four directions. The tower Hüsameddin saw in his own time is the original building before its demolition.

The Darüşşifa and the Reading of the Inscription

The last and longest item of the section is devoted to the Amasya Darüşşifa, known today by the name "Bimarhane." The date 708 [1308-09] that Hüsameddin reads from the inscription is confirmed by present research. According to the Arabic inscription over the portal, running in a single line around the niche on three sides, the building was built by Anber b. Abdullah, slave of İlduş (Yıldız) Hatun, wife of the Ilkhanid ruler Olcaytu Khan. This building is the only work surviving in Amasya from the Ilkhanid period. In the translation in the footnote of the book's editor the date appears as "780"; but the expression "semâniye ve seb'umie" in the inscription means 708, and this agrees both with Hüsameddin's text and with present sources. The 780 in the footnote must be a typographical error.

The expression "and the emir of Anatolia Ahmed" beside the inscription, however, is disputed. According to what the book's editor relays, İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, in his study at the darüşşifa, noted that Hüsameddin misread as "ve emîr-i Anatolı Ahmed" words written in a cramped way in the inscription and that some other names the author mentions he did not come across in the construction inscription. On the other hand, in present encyclopedic sources it is also written that the building was built by Anber b. Abdullah together with "Emîr of Anatolia Ahmed Bey." The matter therefore remains open. Hüsameddin's statement that the waqf deed is lost is also valid; although it is known that the waqf deed was drawn up in 712 [1312], its text has not survived to our day. The author's linking the name "Alaeddin" in the records to Alaeddin Ali of the Pervane family is an inference resting on the supposition that this person later arranged the waqf deed; in the sources we examined, no information confirming or refuting this was found.

Hüsameddin's drawing attention to the decoration on only one side of the door is also apt. The building's front facade is very valuable artistically: the inverted column capitals made of Turkish triangles were tried for the first time in Anatolian Seljuk architecture on the facade edges of this building, and, peculiar to this building alone, there is a relief of a kneeling human figure on the keystone of the door. The author's saying "it reminds one of the form of an old madrasa" also agrees with the present description: the building has a madrasa plan consisting of arcades around a rectangular courtyard and two facing iwans. The popular name "Tımarhane" arose here only from the thought that mentally ill people were kept there; yet the darüşşifa functioned as a general hospital. It is learned from his own works that Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin, author of the famous surgical book Cerrâhiyyetü'l-Hâniyye, practiced medicine and surgery here. The building is also mentioned as the first hospital in Anatolia where treatment by music was practiced.

Buildings That Cannot Be Traced

An important part of the buildings named in this section were already in ruins or gone in Hüsameddin's time: the Murad Ağa Mescidi and Abdurrahman Madrasa at Savakça, the Kadı Madrasa, the mescit above the Kaya Paşa Hamamı, the Mevdud-ı Ziyarî mescit at Helkis. On such buildings as the Kepük Mescidi, the Kılıççı Yusuf Bey Mescidi, the Kurşunlu Han, the Alaca Hamamları and Acem Ali's "Yanık Minare" mosque, no information was found in the present sources we examined. For some of these buildings Hüsameddin's record may be the only information we have today.

On Hüsameddin Kepük Salgurî, who had the Kepük Mescidi built, the author gives a clue in a footnote: he says that in Aynî's Ikdü'l-Cümân the person referred to as "Hüsâmeddîn Kabâve er-Rûmî," husband of the sister of Pervane Muineddin Süleyman, is this person. This matching is the author's own inference; no information on this person was found in other sources.

Bibliography

Primary sources

• Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 1, p. 123–132. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

• Gönül Cantay, "Amasya Dârüşşifâsı", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 3, İstanbul 1991, p. 5-6. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/amasya-darussifasi
• "Gökmedrese Camii", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 14, İstanbul 1996, p. 140-142. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gokmedrese-camii
• Emine Naza Dönmez, "Yörgüç Paşa Camii", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 43, İstanbul 2013, p. 567-568. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yorguc-pasa-camii
• Fahameddin Başar, "Yörgüç Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 43, İstanbul 2013, p. 566-567. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yorguc-pasa
• "Mehmed Paşa Külliyesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 28, Ankara 2003, p. 511-512. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mehmed-pasa-kulliyesi
• "Dârülhadis", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/darulhadis
• "Hilfet Gazi Medresesi ve Türbesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hilfet-gazi-medresesi-ve-turbesi
• Kadir Özköse, "Amasya'da Bulunan Halvetiyye Tekkeleri", Akademiar Dergisi, no. 5, Ankara 2018, p. 91-118. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/606666

Official sources

• Amasya Belediyesi Kent Rehberi, "Fethiye Camii". https://kentrehberi.amasya.bel.tr/kategoriler/ibadethaneler/fethiye-camii
• Kültür Portalı, "Fethiye Camii". https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/amasya/gezilecekyer/fethye-cam
• Kültür Portalı, "Kilari Süleyman Ağa Cami". https://kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/amasya/kulturenvanteri/kilari-suleyman-aga-cami
• Kültür Portalı, "Gümüşlü Camii". https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/amasya/kulturenvanteri/gumuslu-camii
• Kültür Portalı, "Amasya Saat Kulesi". https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/amasya/gezilecekyer/saat-kules277703
• Amasya İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, "Bimarhane (Darüşşifa)". https://amasya.ktb.gov.tr/TR-59539/bimarhane-darussifa.html

Other sources

• "Kilari Süleyman Ağa Camii", Tarih Gezisi. https://tarihgezisi.com/camiler/kilari-suleyman-aga-camii-amasya/
• "Gümüşlü Camii", Tarih Gezisi. https://tarihgezisi.com/camiler/gumuslu-camii-amasya/
• "Amasya Saat Kulesi", Vikipedi. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasya_Saat_Kulesi
• Kültür Envanteri, "Şeyh Abdurrahman Erzincani Türbesi". https://kulturenvanteri.com/en/yer/seyh-abdurrahman-erzincani-turbesi/