Caniklidir. "Caniklizâde" demekle meşhûrdur. 1191 muharremi ibtidâsında Amasya mutasarrıfı olup kethüdâsı a'yândan Müjdecioğlu Hacı Abdulkâdir Ağa'yı mütesellim nasb etdi. [131] Bekir Beyzâde Abdullâh Bey baş a'yân ve Göztaşoğlu Hacı Mustafâ Ağa hacıbaşı oldu.
Rebî'ulevvelde sâbık Kayseri mutasarrıfı Yeğenzâde Ömer Paşa Van vâlîsi olup gitdi.
Rebî'ulevvelde Kara Müftü azl edilip fuzalâdan Çelebizâde Hacı Hüseyin Efendi ulemânın ve mütesellimin zoruyla Amasya müftüsü ve zilka'de evâ'ilinde Amasyalı Ocak İmâmızâde İbrâhim Hıfzî Efendi vezâretle Erzurum vâlîsi oldu. Bu yıl a'yândan Hacı Sa'deddîn Efendi ve Hindî Hacı Hasan Ağa vefât etdi.
1192 muharremi ibtidâsında baş a'yân Bekir Beyzâde Abdullâh Bey Amasya mütesellimi ve Sarı Ahmedoğlu Hacı Ömer Ağa hacıbaşı ve Şâkir Mehmed Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi.
Rebî'ulevvelde mutasarrıf Mikdâd Ahmed Paşa ilâveten Sivâs vâlîsi olup nüfûz ve ikbâli katmerlendi. Amasya mukâta'ât mültezimi Hacı Abdulkâdir Ağa ve hâslar emîni ve cizyedâr da müntesiblerden Ahmed Ağa olup selefleri Mustafâ Cân ve Ebûbekir Ağalar İstanbul'a gitmişlerdir.
Bu esnâda şâkîlerden on beş kadar kimse İstanbul'a hareket etmişlerdi. Mikdâd Ahmed Paşa bunların dokuzunu elde edip öldürmüş, [132] bunları İstanbul'a gönderenlerin aleyhinde ta'kîbâta başlamışdı. Bundan a'yân ve halk çok müte'essirdi.
Cemâziyelâhirde Sultân Bâyezîd kürsü şeyhi Abdulmuttalib Efendi vefât edip ulemâdan Hâfız Mustafâ Efendi kürsü şeyhi oldu. Receb evâ'ilinde müftü ve Mustafâ Ağa medresesi müderrisi ve şeyhu'l-muhaddisîn Hacı Hüseyin Efendi de vefât edip Arabacıoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Süleymân Efendi müderris oldu.
Şa'bân ibtidâsında kadı Şâkir Mehmed Efendi, Mikdâd Paşa'nın nüfûzundan korkup Gümüşhâneli Ebûbekir Efendi'yi nâ'ib ta'yîn ederek İstanbul'a gitdi. A'yândan Millî Musâ Bey nüfûzlu bir zât idi. Mikdâd Paşa bunu da çekemedi. Aleyhinde şikâyetçiler çıkardı. Aldığı emir üzerine şevvâlde bîçâreyi i'dâm ve muhallefâtını zabt etdirdi.
Fakat bu i'dâm, hukûk-ı halkı sıyânet etmeğe çalışan Amasya a'yânı üzerinde fenâ bir te'sîr uyandırmış, Amasya'nın a'yân ve halkına karşı büyük teveccühler ve iyilikler gösteren Bozok mutasarrıfı Çapanoğlu Mustafâ Bey'e, Hacı Alî Paşa'nın evlâd ve etbâ'ının mezâlim ve gadrinden korkan Amasya a'yânını sığındırmışdı. Hacı Alî Paşa, Amasya a'yânının Çapanoğlu'na [133] ilticâ etmelerine fevkalâde hiddet ediyor, hiddetinden tecâvüzâtını artırıyordu.
Öteden beri Caniklilerle Çapanoğulları birbirine düşmandı. Bu iki derebeylerin adâvetlerinden a'yân ve halk çok ziyânlara giriyor, Çapanoğlu Canikliler'i ezmek için Amasya a'yânına büyük kıymetler veriyordu.
1193 muharreminin onuncu günü evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi Mehmed Efendi vefât edip tevliyet mahdûmları Abdullâh Rüşdü, Mehmed Sa'îd Efendiler'e verildi. Rebî'ulevvelde Sivâs vâlîsi İzzet Mehmed Paşa Erzurum'a nakl edilip Dağıstanlı Alî Paşa Sivâs vâlîsi olarak geldi.
Mikdâd Paşa'nın zâlimâne hareketleri, Çapanoğlu Mustafâ Bey'in kuvvet ve kıymetini artırıyordu. Mustafâ Bey'in yanına ilticâ eden a'yânın perîşân olan âileleri gerek vâlîye ve gerek bâb-ı âlîye acıklı şikâyetler yağdırıyorlardı.
Cemâziyelevvelde haksız yere ve hodserâne müsâdere etdiği a'yânın emvâl ve emlâkini kendilerine verilmesini emr ve ihtâr eden fermân-ı âlîye Mikdâd Paşa inkıyâd etmedi. Çapanoğlu Mustafâ Bey de bu fermâna inkıyâd etmesini ibtidâ ricâ ve sonra tehdîd etdi.
Mikdâd Ahmed Paşa, tecrübesizlik edip [134] tehdîde kızdı. Çapanoğulları'nın idâreleri altında bulunan Çorum sancağına başındaki Lazlar'dan ve Gürcüler'den mürekkeb bir kuvve-i askeriyye gönderdi. Maksadı Çorum'u vurup yağmâ etdirmekdi. Fakat Mustafâ Bey bunu anlayıp Çorum'a bir müdâfa'a kuvveti bırakmış, kendisi de bütün kuvvetiyle hâzır bir hâlde bulunmuş olduğundan Mikdâd Paşa'nın bu tecâvüzü kendisine büyük bir vesîle-i ta'arruz oldu. Bütün kuvvetiyle Amasya üzerine yürüdü. Zile üzerinden Geldiklan Ovası'na geldi. Bunu haber alan Mikdâd Paşa da bütün kuvvetiyle gelip Mustafâ Bey'i karşıladı.
Şa'bân sonlarında iki derebeyi kanlı bir harbe tutuşdu. Vâlî, kendi vilâyeti dâhilinde cereyân eden bu kanlı harbe seyirci kaldı. Fermân dinlemeyen Mikdâd Paşa fenâ hâlde bozuldu. Kaçıp Amasya'ya sığındı. Bu esnâda Amasyalı Dayıoğlu Süleymân Ağa yeniçeri ağası olmuşdu.
Mustafâ Bey, muntazam yürüyüşle Mikdâd Paşa'yı ta'kîb ederek Amasya'ya girdi. Paşa, pederinden istimdâd ederek Amasya'dan kaçıp Samsun yolunu tutdu. Mustafâ Bey'in Amasya'ya girdiği gün Amasyalılar'ın sevincine pâyân yokdu. Mikdâd Paşa'nın Amasya'da zulmen edindiği bütün servet ve sâmânı, akâr [135] ve emlâki zabt edildi. Ba'zıları sâhiblerine verildi.
Hacı Alî Paşa, en ziyâde güvendiği büyük ordusuyla Samsun'dan kalkıp Kavak’a indi. Mustafâ Bey de Amasya ve kazâları mağdûrlarından aldığı kuvvetle ordusunu takviye ederek Amasya'dan kalkıp Samsun üzerine yürüdü. Kavak önünde Hacı Alî Paşa ordusunu karşıladı.
Ramazân sonlarında iki kuvvet çarpışdı. Zulüm ile adâlet, istibdâd ile hürriyet harb etdi. Mustafâ Bey'in ordusu ta'arruz ederek üç gün içinde Hacı Alî Paşa'nın ordusu bozuldu. Adâlet zulmü yıkdı. Hürriyet istibdâda gâlib geldi. Alî Paşa ve oğulları kaçıp soluğu Trabzon'da aldılar.
Şevvâl evâ'ilinde Mustafâ Bey gâlibâne Samsun'a girdi. Hacı Alî Paşa ve evlâdının bütün ağırlıklarını zabt etdi. Pek çok canı yanmışları da fevkalâde sevindirdi. Amasya ve havâlîsinden büyük bir kâbusu kaldırdı.
Bu muhârebeyi Hacı Alî Paşa'nın bozulup kaçdığını haber alan Sultân Abdulhamîd memnûn olmakla berâber iki derebeyinin muhârebesini hoş görmedi. Sivâs vâlîsi Alî Paşa'ya fevkalâde kızdı. Amasya sancağını sâbık Sinop muhâfızı Hacı Alî Paşa'ya verdi. [136]
In Modern English
He was from Canik; he is known as "Caniklizâde". At the beginning of Muharrem 1191 [1777] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya and appointed his kethüda, the notable Müjdecioğlu Hacı Abdülkadir Ağa, as mütesellim. Bekir Beyzâde Abdullah Bey became chief notable, and Göztaşoğlu Hacı Mustafa Ağa hacıbaşı.
In Rebiülevvel Yeğenzâde Ömer Pasha, former mutasarrıf of Kayseri, became governor of Van and went there.
In Rebiülevvel Kara Müftü was dismissed, and Çelebizâde Hacı Hüseyin Efendi, one of the scholars, became mufti of Amasya under pressure from the ulema and the mütesellim. At the beginning of Zilkade Ocak İmamızâde İbrahim Hıfzî Efendi of Amasya became governor of Erzurum with the rank of vizier. This year Hacı Sadeddin Efendi, one of the notables, and Hindî Hacı Hasan Ağa died.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1192 [1778] the chief notable Bekir Beyzâde Abdullah Bey became mütesellim of Amasya, and Sarı Ahmedoğlu Hacı Ömer Ağa hacıbaşı; Şâkir Mehmed Efendi also came as kadı of Amasya.
In Rebiülevvel the mutasarrıf Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha was given the governorship of Sivas in addition to Amasya, and his influence and standing increased manifold. The mültezimship of the mukataas of Amasya was given to Hacı Abdülkadir Ağa, and the eminship of the has revenues and the cizyedarlık to Ahmed Ağa, one of the Pasha's men; their predecessors Mustafa Cân and Ebûbekir Ağas went to Istanbul.
At this time some fifteen of the bandits had set out toward Istanbul. Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha caught nine of them and killed them, and began a prosecution against those who had sent them to Istanbul. The notables and the people were much affected by this.
In Cemaziyelahir Abdülmuttalib Efendi, kürsü sheikh of the Sultan Bayezid Mosque, died, and Hâfız Mustafa Efendi, one of the scholars, became kürsü sheikh. At the beginning of Receb the mufti, müderris of the Mustafa Ağa Madrasa and foremost of the hadith scholars, Hacı Hüseyin Efendi, also died; Arabacıoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Efendi became mufti of Amasya, and Süleyman Efendi müderris.
At the beginning of Şaban the kadı Şâkir Mehmed Efendi, fearing Mikdâd Pasha's influence, appointed Ebûbekir Efendi of Gümüşhane as naib and went to Istanbul. Millî Musa Bey, one of the notables, was an influential person; Mikdâd Pasha could not stand him either, and produced complainants against him. On an order he received, in Şevval he had this poor man executed and had the property he left behind seized.
But this execution left a bad effect on the notables of Amasya who were trying to protect the people's rights, and inclined the notables of Amasya, fearing the tyranny and injustice of the sons and men of Hacı Ali Pasha, to take refuge with Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey, mutasarrıf of Bozok, who showed great closeness to the notables and people of Amasya and did them kindnesses. Hacı Ali Pasha grew extremely furious at the notables of Amasya taking refuge with Çapanoğlu and increased his attacks in his fury.
The Canikli and the Çapanoğulları had been enemies of each other from of old. The notables and people suffered great harm from the enmity of these two lords of the manor, and Çapanoğlu valued the notables of Amasya greatly in order to crush the Canikli.
On the tenth day of Muharrem 1193 [1779] Mehmed Efendi, steward of the sultan's waqfs, died, and the stewardship was given to his sons Abdullah Rüşdü and Mehmed Saîd Efendi. In Rebiülevvel İzzet Mehmed Pasha, governor of Sivas, was transferred to Erzurum; Dağıstanlı Ali Pasha came as governor of Sivas.
Mikdâd Pasha's cruel conduct was increasing the strength and standing of Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey. The ruined families of the notables who had taken refuge with Mustafa Bey were showering pitiful complaints on both the governor and the Sublime Porte.
In Cemaziyelevvel Mikdâd Pasha did not submit to the imperial decree that ordered and reminded him to return to their owners the property and estates of the notables that he had unjustly and arbitrarily seized. Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey at first requested him to comply with this decree, then threatened him.
Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha, through inexperience, grew angry at this threat. He sent a military force consisting of the Lazes and Georgians in his retinue to the sanjak of Çorum, which was under the Çapanoğulları's administration. His aim was to attack and plunder Çorum. But Mustafa Bey sensed this, left a defense force at Çorum and himself waited ready with all his forces; therefore Mikdâd Pasha's attack gave him a great opportunity to attack. He marched on Amasya with all his forces and came by way of Zile to the plain of Geldiklan. Hearing this, Mikdâd Pasha also came with all his forces and met Mustafa Bey.
At the end of Şaban the two lords of the manor engaged in a bloody battle. The governor remained a spectator to this bloody battle taking place within his own province. Mikdâd Pasha, who did not heed the decree, suffered a heavy defeat and fled and took refuge in Amasya. At this time Dayıoğlu Süleyman Ağa of Amasya had become janissary ağa.
Mustafa Bey, following Mikdâd Pasha in orderly march, entered Amasya. The Pasha asked his father for help, fled Amasya and took the road to Samsun. On the day Mustafa Bey entered Amasya the joy of the Amasyans knew no bounds. All the wealth and goods, estates and properties that Mikdâd Pasha had acquired by tyranny in Amasya were seized; part was given to their owners.
Hacı Ali Pasha, with the great army he trusted most, set out from Samsun and encamped at Kavak. Mustafa Bey, strengthening his army with the force he had gathered from Amasya and its districts, from those who had suffered harm, set out from Amasya and marched on Samsun. He met Hacı Ali Pasha's army before Kavak.
At the end of Ramazan the two forces clashed. Tyranny and justice, oppression and freedom fought. Mustafa Bey's army attacked, and within three days Hacı Ali Pasha's army was routed. Justice overthrew tyranny, freedom prevailed over oppression. Ali Pasha and his sons fled and took breath at Trabzon.
At the beginning of Şevval Mustafa Bey entered Samsun victorious. He seized all the baggage of Hacı Ali Pasha and his sons. He also greatly gladdened very many who had been hurt, and lifted a great nightmare from over Amasya and its surroundings.
Sultan Abdülhamid, learning that Hacı Ali Pasha had been routed and fled in this war, was pleased, but did not look kindly on the two lords of the manor fighting each other. He grew very angry at the governor of Sivas, Ali Pasha. He gave the sanjak of Amasya to Hacı Ali Pasha, former guardian of Sinop.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- kethüdâ: the assistant who ran a pasha's affairs, steward
- hacıbaşı: one of the representatives of the notables, prominent in the city among the pilgrims and in the notables' council
- fuzalâ: scholars, persons of merit
- mukâta'ât mültezimi: the person who took on state revenue items by iltizam
- cizyedâr: the official who collected the cizye tax taken from non-Muslims
- müntesib: someone's man, a person attached to his retinue
- şâkî: bandit, brigand
- müte'essir: affected, saddened
- kürsü şeyhi: a sheikh who preached and taught from the pulpit in large mosques
- şeyhu'l-muhaddisîn: the foremost of the hadith scholars
- muhallefât: the property left behind by a person who died or was executed
- ilticâ: taking refuge
- adâvet: enmity
- hodserâne: on one's own, arbitrarily
- inkıyâd etmek: to submit, to comply
- vesîle-i ta'arruz: pretext, opportunity for attack
- istimdâd: asking for help
- servet ü sâmân: wealth, goods and property
- istibdâd: oppressive rule, arbitrary administration
Who Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha Was
Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha is the son of Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, who dominated Samsun and its surroundings on the Black Sea coast. According to Özcan Mert's entry on the Canikli family, when in 1778 his father was brought to the governorship of Erzurum, the governorship of Sivas taken from him was given with the vizierate to Mikdâd Ahmed Bey, then only eighteen, who was also assigned the guardianship of Soğucak. The price of this appointment was that his father march on Crimea with a large force. According to Ahmet Önal's study based on the appointment registers, the record of Mikdâd Pasha's appointment to Sivas is dated 11 Rebiülahir 1192 [9 May 1778]; the chroniclers of the age put the appointment on 13 May 1778. Hüsameddin's record "in Rebiülevvel 1192 the governorship of Sivas was also given" is about a month earlier than these dates. The sources also differ on the Pasha's place in the family: the chroniclers relayed by Önal call him the elder son of Ali Pasha, while Özcan Mert shows him as the younger son and states that the elder son was Battal Hüseyin Bey.
The Notables of Amasya Take Refuge with Çapanoğlu
The pressures Hüsameddin describes are also confirmed in present-day research. Özcan Mert writes that the notables of Amasya, unable to bear Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha's pressure, took refuge with Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey at the end of 1778, that the Sublime Porte in early 1779 removed the Pasha from the governorship of Sivas and transferred him to Trabzon and ordered him to return to their owners the property and estates he had unjustly seized. The "decree on the return of property" that Hüsameddin places in Cemaziyelevvel 1193 [May-June 1779] is this order. According to the same author, in mid-1779 Çapanoğlu sent Mikdâd Pasha a letter telling him to comply with the decree; Mikdâd Pasha, of the rank of vizier, reacted sharply to this intervention by a sanjak mutasarrıf with the title mîrâhûr-ı sânî, who was in a lower administrative position than himself, and attacked his lands. Behind the move that Hüsameddin calls "inexperience" there was also the rank pride of a vizier of about nineteen.
The rivalry between the two families had begun long before this event. According to Mert, its first traces are seen in 1772 when Amasya, and then Sivas, were given to the Canikli; Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey regarded these places as his own sphere of influence. When in 1778 Sivas was given to Mikdâd Pasha and Çorum to Ali Pasha's nephew Mehmed Bey, the sanjak of Çankırı in the Çapanoğulları's hands was encircled by the Canikli. Mustafa Bey, in return, had given no soldier or camel aid to Ali Pasha, seraskeri of Crimea, and had also obstructed shipments from his own region.
The State's Attitude
Hüsameddin recounts the event as a quarrel of two lords of the manor and says that the sultan did not look kindly on this quarrel. Archival documents, however, show that the state took sides in this conflict. In the order dated mid-March 1779 relayed by Yücel Özkaya, Canikli Ali Pasha is spoken of as a "brigand"; it is listed that although his eighteen-year-old son had been given the vizierate and a province he did not render service in Crimea and used intolerable words in the writings he sent to the sultan. That the Pasha wrote of Çapanoğlu "either you execute him, or I will go against him and eliminate him", and answered the warnings with "I have no business with the state, I do what I want", appears in the documents. Thereupon Çapanoğlu (Cebbârzâde) Mustafa Bey, mutasarrıf of Bozok, was ordered to cut off Ali Pasha's head and send it to Istanbul, and the governor of Sivas, İzzet Mehmed Pasha, was notified to assist him. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı writes that the decree sent to Mustafa Bey for the disciplining and execution of Ali Pasha is dated Ramazan 1193, that is, the end of September 1779. Mustafa Bey therefore fought at Kavak not as a lord of the manor acting on his own but as an official given the sultan's decree.
The Course of the Battles
The sequence Özkaya gives from the documents largely coincides with Hüsameddin's: Cebbârzâde Mustafa defeated Ali Pasha's son in the Zile area, then entered Amasya and gave the Canikli's forcibly taken property to its owners. Advancing toward Samsun he fought three days at Kavak with Ali Pasha's forces; following the defeated Ali Pasha, he defeated his two thousand men once more at Bafra. Ali Pasha fled with fifty men from Gerze, near Sinop, to Anapa. Uzunçarşılı, however, writes that Mustafa Bey set out from Yozgat on 6 Şevval 1193 [17 October 1779] with some three thousand forces and besieged Ali Pasha at Bafra; that Ali Pasha, who had five or six thousand men, burned his mansion without fighting and broke through the siege, and with his harem, his son Battal Hüseyin Pasha and his treasures boarded a ship near Sinop and fled to Crimea.
Two differences stand out between these two accounts and Hüsameddin's record. First, Hüsameddin says that Ali Pasha and his sons "took breath at Trabzon"; the studies based on the archive all agree that the family fled to Crimea. Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha did not go with his father and elder brother and, according to Özcan Mert, was taken into custody at Bursa. The second concerns dates: while Hüsameddin places the battle of Kavak at the end of Ramazan and the entry into Samsun at the beginning of Şevval, Uzunçarşılı reports that the operation began from Yozgat on the sixth of Şevval. The sources at hand are not enough to explain this difference of a few weeks; Hüsameddin's dates and Uzunçarşılı's document-based date should be read together.
A Shift of Dates on the Governors of Sivas
Hüsameddin writes that in Rebiülevvel 1193 [March-April 1779] İzzet Mehmed Pasha, governor of Sivas, was transferred to Erzurum and Dağıstanlı Ali Pasha came in his place; according to him the governor of Sivas who "remained a spectator" to the battle and then incurred the sultan's anger is Dağıstanlı Ali Pasha. According to the list Ahmet Önal compiled from the appointment registers, however, İzzet Mehmed Pasha was appointed to Sivas on 9 March 1779, was left in office in October 1779, and on 22 March 1780 was transferred not to Erzurum but to Raqqa. Dağıstanî Ali Pasha became governor of Erzurum in October 1779 and came to Sivas only on 16 Rebiülevvel 1194 [22 March 1780]. According to this, the change Hüsameddin records took place a year later, and during the battle of Kavak the governor of Sivas is İzzet Mehmed Pasha. The documents Özkaya relays also show that the governor of Sivas assigned throughout 1779 to help Çapanoğlu was İzzet Mehmed Pasha; according to the same documents İzzet Mehmed Pasha felt close to Canikli Ali Pasha and wanted him not executed but imprisoned in Seddülbahir Castle.
Hüsameddin's Viewpoint
The sentences in the last part of the entry, "Tyranny and justice, oppression and freedom fought", clearly show that Hüsameddin looks at the events through the eyes of the notables of Amasya. For the author, who himself came from a notable family of Amasya, the Canikli were a foreign power trampling on the city's rights. Yet the contemporary documents on Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey draw a more complicated picture. Uzunçarşılı writes that he was "severe and cruel like his father" and that some of his relatives fled for this reason and took refuge with Ali Pasha. According to the documents Özkaya relays too, shortly after the Kavak victory Ali Pasha's sons-in-law and partisans at Bafra gathered five or six thousand people and, saying "Cebbârzâde wronged us", besieged Mustafa Bey's mansion, and Mustafa Bey had to withdraw from Canik fighting. The victory that Hüsameddin says "lifted a great nightmare" was for part of the people of Canik the beginning of a new oppression.
Mustafa Bey could not enjoy his victory long. The Canikli, pardoned in the autumn of 1781, returned to the region, and according to Mert Hacı Ali Pasha, winning over some of his rival's slaves, had them kill Mustafa Bey in April 1782. Uzunçarşılı explains the event by Mustafa Bey's harsh treatment of his slaves: the slaves he had made drill with rifles outside Yozgat one day all together opened fire on their master and fled to Ali Pasha's region. The two accounts agree that the murder was committed in Cemaziyelevvel 1196 [April 1782] and by the hands of the slaves, and differ on the instigator.
The End of Mikdâd Pasha
Mikdâd Ahmed Pasha's relationship with Amasya did not end with this defeat. After being pardoned in 1781 he was given the governorship of Erzurum and the sanjak of Amasya as an arpalık; Hüsameddin also recounts the Pasha's second Amasya mutasarrıflık a few entries later. According to Özcan Mert, Mikdâd Pasha afterward served in places such as Çorum, Konya, Trabzon, Tripoli of Syria, Sivas, Diyarbekir and Aleppo; during the war of 1787-1792, while commander of Moldavia, he was removed because of his failure around Iași, and in 1790, when he did not show the desired success in driving soldiers either, he was sent to Plovdiv and in 1792, by order of Selim III, was executed at Plovdiv, where he was in exile. His severed head was buried in Istanbul in the Karacaahmet Cemetery. The same author also records that the Pasha had waqfs in Amasya and its surroundings.
The names of Müjdecioğlu Hacı Abdülkadir Ağa, the Göztaşoğulları and Millî Musa Bey named in the entry also appear in Hüsameddin's later entries; that among the persons applied to in the documents Özkaya relays for uncovering Ali Pasha's property there is one named "Hacı Kadir of Amasya" brings Müjdecioğlu Hacı Abdülkadir Ağa to mind, but it is not certain that these two are the same.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, Supplement to Volume 4, p. 667–668. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Özcan Mert, "Canikli Hacı Ali Paşa Ailesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, VII, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/canikli-haci-ali-pasa-ailesi
- Özcan Mert, "Çapanoğulları", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/capanogullari
- Yücel Özkaya, "Canikli Ali Paşa", Belleten, XXXVI/144, October 1972, https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/453/tur
- İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, "Çapanoğulları", Belleten, XXXVIII/150, April 1974, https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/1311/tur
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Other sources