AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Yûsuf Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 666–667 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. A'yândan Hacı Bilâloğlu Hacı Osmân Ağa'nın oğludur. Canikli Hacı Alî Paşa ve evlâd ve etbâ'ı aleyhinde her tarafdan yükselen şikâyetler üzerine azl ile 1189 zilka'desinin ilk günü Amasya mutasarrıfı oldu. Kendisi Resmo muhâfızı olduğundan sadr-ı esbak Râgıb Mehmed Paşa'nın kapıcılar kethüdâlığından yetişme Amasyalı Ebûbekir Ağa mütesellim olup İstanbul'dan geldi. İki ay Amasya'yı güzel idâre etdi.

1190 muharremi ibtidâsında sâbık topçubaşı Mustafâ Ağa bi'l-iltizâm Amasya mütesellimi olup geldi. Selefi Ebûbekir Ağa da hâslar emîni ve Şerîfzâde Mehmed Şerîf Efendi de [130] evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi olarak İstanbul'dan geldi. Bunlar da Amasyalı idiler. İstanbul'a celb edilen sâbık müftü İsmâ'il Kâmil Efendi Sultâniyye müderrisliğinden de azl edilip Oluslu Osmân Efendi Sultâniyye müderrisi olarak bu da İstanbul'dan geldi. Ahvâl oldukça düzeldi. Şikâyetler tedkîke başlandı.

Şa'bân ibtidâsında İstanbul müderrislerinden Amasyalı Şeyhzâde Mustafâ Efendi Amasya kadısı olup kâtib Ahmed Efendi yine nâ'ib oldu.

Şevvâlde Yeğenzâde Ömer Paşa Çorum'dan Amasya'ya geldi.

Fakat Hacı Alî Paşa, Amasya'yı kaybettiğine pek kızıyordu. Mükerreren istemişdi. Bu def'a Trabzon vâlîsi ve Kırım seraskeri olduğu münâsebetle gayret ve sadâkatını artırır diye taleb etdiği Amasya sancağı yine ber-vech-i mâlikâne oğlu Mikdâd Ahmed Bey'e vezâretle tevcîh edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Hacı Bilâloğlu Hacı Osman Ağa, one of the notables. When, upon the complaints rising from every side against Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha and his sons and men, Ali Pasha was dismissed, on the first day of Zilkade 1189 [1775-76] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya. Since he himself was guardian of Resmo, Ebûbekir Ağa of Amasya, who had risen from the kapıcılar kethüdalık of the former grand vizier Râgıb Mehmed Pasha, came from Istanbul as mütesellim. Ebûbekir Ağa governed Amasya well for two months.

At the beginning of Muharrem 1190 [1776-77] the former topçubaşı Mustafa Ağa came as mütesellim of Amasya by iltizam. His predecessor Ebûbekir Ağa came from Istanbul as emin of the has revenues, and Şerîfzâde Mehmed Şerîf Efendi as steward of the sultan's waqfs. These too were natives of Amasya. The former mufti İsmâil Kâmil Efendi, who was summoned to Istanbul, was also removed from the müderrisship of the Sultâniyye Madrasa; Oluslu Osman Efendi came from Istanbul as müderris of the Sultâniyye. The situation improved considerably; the examination of the complaints began.

At the beginning of Şaban Şeyhzâde Mustafa Efendi of Amasya, one of the müderrises of Istanbul, became kadı of Amasya; the clerk Ahmed Efendi again became naib.

In Şevval Yeğenzâde Ömer Pasha came from Çorum to Amasya.

But Hacı Ali Pasha was very angry at losing Amasya; he had asked for the sanjak again and again. This time, since he was governor of Trabzon and seraskeri of Crimea, with the thought that it would increase his zeal and loyalty, the Amasya sanjak he wanted was again given as a malikâne, together with the rank of vizier, to his son Mikdâd Ahmed Bey.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • a'yân: the notables of a city, the gentry with a voice in local administration
  • evlâd ve etbâ': his sons and men, his retinue
  • mutasarrıf: the administrator to whom the administration of a sanjak was given
  • muhâfız: the commander-governor in charge of guarding a fortress or frontier region
  • sadr-ı esbak: former grand vizier
  • kapıcılar kethüdâsı: the official at the head of the palace gatekeepers who handled ceremonial and notification affairs at the divan
  • mütesellim: the deputy who conducted affairs in place of a mutasarrıf who could not come to the sanjak
  • bi'l-iltizâm: by iltizam, that is, in return for undertaking it by paying the revenue in advance
  • hâslar emîni: the official who collected the has revenues set aside for the sultan and viziers
  • evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi: the administrator of the sultan's waqfs in Amasya
  • celb edilmek: to be summoned, to be brought
  • ber-vech-i mâlikâne: by the malikâne method, to be held for life

A Short Interlude from the Canikli

This entry recounts a small interval in the long and turbulent relationship Amasya had with the family of Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. The sanjak of Amasya had been given to Hacı Ali Pasha as a malikâne in the summer of 1772; according to Yücel Özkaya's study based on archival documents, grounds put forward for this appointment included preventing the attacks of masterless levends in the region, making the roads safe and protecting the Black Sea coast. The family's pressure on Amasya soon became a subject of complaint. Özkaya relates from the documents that in November 1776 the people of Amasya complained of the tyranny of Ali Pasha, his sons and men, that in the same month they asked in a second petition for the malikâne to be abolished, but that the state did not see fit to abolish the malikâne and was content to reprimand Ali Pasha.

Hüsameddin, however, writes that upon the complaints the sanjak was taken from Ali Pasha in Zilkade 1189, that is, in the last days of 1775, and given to Yûsuf Pasha of Amasya, and that after this interval of nearly a year the sanjak returned in Şevval 1190 [November-December 1776] to the Canikli family, this time to the son Mikdâd Ahmed Bey. This short interruption is not mentioned in the two basic studies we were able to read on the family's dominance over Amasya (Özkaya and Özcan Mert's entry on the Canikli family); for now the information is known only from Hüsameddin's record, based on the Amasya registers. It appears that Yûsuf Pasha governed the sanjak through mütesellims from his post in Crete without ever coming to the city.

The Guardianship of Resmo

After the completion of the conquest, the island of Crete was divided into three sanjaks, or more correctly three guardianships, named Kandiye, Hanya and Resmo. As Nevzat Gündağ notes, administrators with the rank of vizier were sent to the first two guardianships, while to Resmo a vizier was sometimes appointed. This guardianship, whose center is today's city of Rethymno, lay on the northern coast of the island between Hanya and Kandiye. The reason Yûsuf Pasha sent a mütesellim to Amasya is this distant post, which required continuous presence.

The Bilâlzades and the People in the Entry

Yûsuf Pasha's father Hacı Osman Ağa belongs to a notable family called "Bilâlzâde" in other volumes of Hüsameddin's book. The family's ancestor Hacı Bilâl Efendi, while muezzin of the Kocacık Mescidi, had been appointed to the stewardship of the Mevlevîhâne waqf. Hüsameddin also mentions as another member of the same family Seyyid Hacı Ahmed Efendi, son of Hacı Osman Ağa: Ahmed Efendi became hacıbaşı in 1184, chief notable in 1185, and died in 1191. Accordingly, it is understood that Yûsuf Pasha rose to the vizierate as the son of a family with weight in the notable councils of Amasya. No information was found in other sources on his posts before and after Resmo.

The household in which the mütesellim Ebûbekir Ağa was trained is that of Koca Râgıb Mehmed Pasha, one of the best-known statesmen of the eighteenth century. Râgıb Pasha became grand vizier in 1757 and died in that office on 8 April 1763; Hüsameddin's saying "sadr-ı esbak" therefore shows that Ebûbekir Ağa was a former man trained in this grand vizier's retinue. No information was found in other sources on the lives of Ebûbekir Ağa, Mustafa Ağa and the kadı and müderrises named in the entry.

The last sentence of the entry foreshadows the stormy years that followed. The giving of the vizierate together with the sanjak to Mikdâd Ahmed Bey is the development that began the pressures Hüsameddin will recount in the next entry, the notables' taking refuge with Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey and the armed clash of the two great families over Amasya.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, Supplement to Volume 4, p. 666–667. amasya.bel.tr
  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6 ("Ahmed Efendi-Hacı Bilâlzâde") and vol. 12 ("Osmân Efendi-Bilâlzâde") entries.

Academic studies

Remainder of Volume 4 contents

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