Esbak Amasya hükümdârı Sultân Mes'ûd Hân'ın üçüncü şehzâdesi olup birâderi Sultân Şâhenşâh Hân'ın irtihâlini müte'âkib 575'de Amasya hükümdârı olmuşdur. Birâderinin atabegi Bedreddîn Şâhenşâh ibni Arslan Togmuş Bey'i Niksâr emîri bulunan mahdûmu Ulug Bey'in nezdine i'zâm edib Salur soyundan Soruk Beyzâde Bahâ'eddîn Gökceğiz Bey'i atabeg nasb ederek Tâceddîn Rıdvân Bey mîrâhûru olduğu taharriyât-ı kaydiyyeden anlaşılmakdadır.
Sâbık atabeg Bedreddîn Ebû Mansûr Şâhenşâh Niksâr'da 578'de vefât eylediği seng-i mezârında mahkûk³⁶⁶ olup türbesi ittisâlinde mahdûmu Ulug Bey bir medrese binâ etdirdiği türbe-i mezkûrda bulunan târîh taşından müstebândır. Târîh taşında şu ibâre-i mahkûka "Emera bi-‘imâreti hâzihi'l-medreseti el-emîrü'l-isfehsâlâr el-ecellü'l-kebîrü'l-âlimü'l-âdilü nûrü'd-dîni ve'd-devleti Ulug bin Atabeg Ebu'l-Mekârim Şâhenşâh senete semânin ve seb'îne ve hamsu mi'etin" görülmekdedir. [344]
Amasya hükümdârı Sultân Gıyâseddîn Muhammed Hân, Amasya'da şimdiki Gümüşlüzâde Mahallesi'nde ikâmet eylediği, oraya kadîmen "Gıyâseddîn Şâh Mülkü" denmesinden istidlâl olunur. Buralarda sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhin bir medrese ve câmi inşâ eylediği mukayyed ise de Medrese-i Mes'ûdiyye gibi bu Medrese-i Gıyâsiyye'nin de binâları mürûr-ı zamân ile harâb ve mün'adim olmuşdur. Sultân Gıyâseddîn Muhammed Hân'ın târîh-i irtihâli Ahbâru'd-Düvel'de 579 Behcetü't-Tevârîh'de 580 ve Gülşen-i Tevârîh'de 584 senesi olmak üzere mestûr olup 580 senesi zabtı müreccah olduğu maznûndur.
Çünkü Sultân Şâhenşâh, büyük birâderi Kılıç Arslan ile müttefik olarak idâre-i hükûmet eylediği hâlde Gıyâseddîn Muhammed Şâh bu ittifâkı ihlâl ve büyük birâderine muhâlefet etmekle Sultân Kılıç Arslan gelip birâderini harben bertaraf eylediği zann olunmakdadır. Câmiu'd-Düvel'de mestûr olduğu üzere Kılıç Arslan, Amasya hükûmetini 580'de birâderi Şâhenşâh'ın iki oğluna i'tâ ya'nî yeğenleri arasında taksîm etmişdir.
In Modern English
He is the third son of Sultan Mesud Han, who was earlier ruler of Amasya. After the death of his brother Sultan Şâhenşâh Han, he became ruler of Amasya in 575. He sent his brother's atabeg, Bedreddin Şâhenşâh ibn Arslan Togmuş Bey, to his son Ulug Bey, the emir of Niksar; he appointed Soruk Beyzâde Bahâeddin Gökceğiz Bey, of the Salur lineage, as atabeg; and Tâceddin Rıdvan Bey became mîrâhur (master of the horse, head of horse affairs). This is understood from an examination of the records.
The former atabeg Bedreddin Ebû Mansûr Şâhenşâh died in Niksar in 578. This is inscribed on his gravestone. Next to his tomb his son Ulug Bey had a madrasa built; this too is understood from the dated inscription stone in the tomb. The following inscribed text is seen on the dated stone: "Emera bi-'imâreti hâzihi'l-medreseti el-emîrü'l-isfehsâlâr el-ecellü'l-kebîrü'l-âlimü'l-âdilü nûrü'd-dîni ve'd-devleti Ulug bin Atabeg Ebu'l-Mekârim Şâhenşâh senete semânin ve seb'îne ve hamsu mi'etin" [an Arabic text meaning: "The construction of this madrasa was ordered by the emir, the commander-in-chief, the most exalted, the great, the learned, the just, the light of religion and state, Ulug, son of Atabeg Ebü'l-Mekârim Şâhenşâh, in the year five hundred and seventy-eight"].
That Sultan Gıyâseddin Muhammed Han, ruler of Amasya, lived in what is now Gümüşlüzâde Quarter in Amasya can be understood from the fact that this place was formerly called "Gıyâseddin Şâh Mülkü" (Gıyâseddin Shah's Domain). It is recorded that the said sultan built a madrasa and a mosque in this area; however, like the Mesûdiyye Madrasa, the buildings of this Gıyâsiyye Madrasa fell into ruin over time and disappeared. The date of Sultan Gıyâseddin Muhammed Han's death is given as 579 in Ahbâru'd-Düvel, 580 in Behcetü't-Tevârîh, and 584 in Gülşen-i Tevârîh; the record of 580 is thought to be the more accurate.
For while Sultan Şâhenşâh ruled in alliance with his elder brother Kılıç Arslan, Gıyâseddin Muhammed Shah broke this alliance and opposed his elder brother. It is therefore thought that Sultan Kılıç Arslan came and removed his brother by war. As written in Câmiu'd-Düvel, Kılıç Arslan in 580 gave the government of Amasya to the two sons of his brother Şâhenşâh, that is, divided it between his nephews.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- esbak, sâbık: former, earlier
- i'zâm etmek: to send
- mîrâhûr: the official who looked after the ruler's horses, responsible for horse affairs
- taharriyât-ı kaydiyye: research in written records
- seng-i mezâr: gravestone
- ittisâl: being adjacent
- müstebân: clearly understood
- isfehsâlâr: commander-in-chief
- kadîmen: formerly
- mün'adim: vanished
- müreccah: considered more correct
- i'tâ etmek: to give
The Place of Gıyâseddin Muhammed
According to the entry on Kılıç Arslan, Mesud's three sons appear under the names Kılıç Arslan, Devlet (Dolat) and Şâhinşah. This source counts Şâhinşah as the "younger son"; Hüsameddin, by contrast, lists Şâhenşâh as the second and Gıyâseddin Muhammed as the third among Sultan Mesud's sons. That is, while the same three sons are being discussed, the names differ: Devlet in one source, Gıyâseddin Muhammed in the other. The information that Gıyâseddin Muhammed ruled in Amasya and died around 580 could not be verified in present-day sources.
The Atabeg's Tomb and Madrasa in Niksar
In a footnote Hüsameddin states that the gravestone inscription was written above; that is, the same inscription was mentioned in earlier sections. No information could be found in the sources read about the present condition of the tomb of Atabeg Şâhenşâh and of the madrasa built by his son Ulug Bey.
Gümüşlüzâde Quarter
Hüsameddin himself also writes that the Gıyâsiyye Madrasa and its mosque no longer exist today. No information could be found in other sources about what name Gümüşlüzâde Quarter goes by in Amasya today.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 2, p. 337–338. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies