AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Ahmed Bey — Emîr Nâsıreddîn

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 6, p. 109 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Recep Orhan ÖZEL - Doç. Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

[336] Amasyalıdır. Esbak Amasya ve Sinop vâlisi Mu’îneddîn Süleyman Pervâne Beyzâde Azizeddîn Mehmed Bey’in mahdûmudur. Amasya’da doğup neşv ü nemâ buldu. Ulemâdan tahsîl ü terbiye görüp Akboğa Noyin’e dâmâd ve 682’de Kedağra (Köprü) emîri görüldü.

699 senesi cumâdelâhiresinde pederinin maktûlen vefâtı üzerine cenâzesiyle beraber Amasya’ya gelip 705’de İşboğa Noyin’in yardımıyla Sinop vilâyeti emîri oldu. 708’de emîr-i Kastamonu olan Şemseddîn Timur Candar’a yardım ederek mevki’ini emniyet altına aldı.

716’da hastalandı. Sene-i mezbûre zilhiccesinde İşboğa Noyin Amasya ve Anadolu vâlisi oldukta tebrîk-i emâret ve tebdîl-i âb u hava için Amasya’ya geldi. Burada hastalığı artıp 717 senesi muharreminde vefât etdi. Burma Minâre Câmii derûnunda peder ve ceddi türbesine defnedildi. Meşâhîr-i ümerâdan idi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He is the son of Azizeddîn Mehmed Bey, son of Mu'îneddîn Süleyman Pervâne Bey, the former governor of Amasya and Sinop. He was born and raised in Amasya. He studied and was brought up under scholars; he became son-in-law to Akboğa Noyin and in 682 [1283-84] was seen as emir of Kedağra (Köprü).

In Jumada al-akhira 699 [February-March 1300], when his father was killed, he came to Amasya with his body, and in 705 [1305-06], with the help of İşboğa Noyin, he became emir of the province of Sinop. In 708 [1308-09] he secured the position of Şemseddîn Timur Candar, who had become emir of Kastamonu, by helping him.

In 716 [1316-17] he fell ill. When İşboğa Noyin became governor of Amasya and Anatolia in Dhu'l-Hijja of the same year [February-March 1317], he came to Amasya to congratulate him on his emirate and to change air. Here his illness worsened and he died in Muharram 717 [March-April 1317]. He was buried in the tomb of his father and grandfather inside the Burmalı Minare Mosque. He was one of the famous emirs.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • esbak: former, previous
  • neşv ü nemâ bulmak: to grow up, to be raised
  • tahsîl ü terbiye: education and upbringing
  • noyin: Mongol commander, lord (noyan)
  • maktûlen: by being killed
  • sene-i mezbûre: the year mentioned
  • tebrîk-i emâret: congratulating on an emirate
  • tebdîl-i âb u hava: change of air
  • derûn: inside

Present-Day Knowledge of the Pervâneoğulları Principality

The family to which Nâsıreddîn Ahmed Bey belonged descends from the Seljuk vizier Muînüddin Süleyman Pervâne. In 664 [1266] Pervâne recaptured Sinop from the Greeks of Trebizond and had the city granted to himself as property. In his name, his son Muînüddin Mehmed governed Sinop. After Pervâne was executed by Abaka Khan in 1277, Mehmed Bey declared his independence and the Sinop-based Pervâneoğulları Principality was founded. According to present-day research the later history of the principality is as follows: Muînüddin Mehmed died in Konya in 696 [1297]; he was succeeded by Mühezzebüddin Mesud, son of his brother Mühezzebüddin Ali. When Mesud Bey died in Sinop in 700 [1300], his son Gazi Çelebi succeeded him. Gazi Çelebi, who gave importance to the navy and fought naval wars with the Genoese and the Greeks of Trebizond, ruled Sinop for about twenty-two years and died in 722 [1322] by striking a tree during a hunt; since he had no male child, Sinop passed to the Candaroğulları.

This picture departs markedly from Hüsameddin's account. Hüsameddin calls Pervâne's son "Azizeddîn Mehmed," says that he was killed in 699, and that his son Nâsıreddîn Ahmed was emir of Sinop between 705 and 717. Yet it is known that Gazi Çelebi ruled in Sinop in these years. No Nâsıreddîn Ahmed Bey or emirate of Sinop under his name was found in the sources read. Moreover, in the previous entry Hüsameddin ties the same date of Jumada al-akhira 699 to the killing of Mühezzebeddîn Mes'ûd Bey; this contradiction could not be resolved. Another confusion surrounds the name Gazi Çelebi: since Tâceddin Altunbaş, son of the last Seljuk sultan Mesud II, who ruled in Amasya, was also called "Gazi Çelebi," the two have at times been confused; the Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi who lies in the tomb in Sinop was later given the name "Sultan Altunbaş." Researchers state that this tradition is not correct.

Help to Candar Bey

"Şemseddîn Timur Candar," mentioned in the text as emir of Kastamonu in 708, must be Şemseddin Yaman Candar, founder of the Candaroğulları Principality. According to present-day knowledge, Yaman Candar was given Eflani and its surroundings as an iqta by the Ilkhanid ruler Geykhatu, but Candar died, probably in 1308, without being able to go beyond the Eflani region. It was his son Süleyman Bey who took Kastamonu and moved the center of the principality there. Hüsameddin's phrase "emir of Kastamonu" therefore does not agree with this information; the claim that Nâsıreddîn Ahmed helped Candar could not be verified in another source either.

The Burmalı Minare Mosque and Its Tomb

The tomb in which Nâsıreddîn Ahmed is said to have been buried is the octagonal-bodied tomb adjoining the Burmalı Minare Mosque, one of the oldest Turkish buildings of Amasya. According to the inscription over the mosque's door, the building was built in the time of Gıyâseddin Keyhusrev II (1237-1246) by one of his emirs, Ferruh (or Ferah) b. Selçuk; the name of his brother, the treasurer Yûsuf, also appears in the inscription. The tomb was built together with the mosque; beneath it is a cellar used for mummification. Hüsameddin reports that İzzeddin Mehmed Pervâne Bey, son-in-law of Ferruh Bey, drew up the mosque's waqf deed in 699 [1299-1300]; the Pervâne family's tie to this tomb rests on this record.

Elsewhere Hüsameddin counts the same tomb as belonging to Cümûdâr, a grandson of Hülâgû Khan, and says that the emir of Amasya, Abuşkay İşboğanuyan, lies beside him. Present-day research notes that Hüsameddin does not give the source of this information, which he introduces with "according to records," and that the founders of the mosque would normally lie in a tomb adjoining the mosque. The mummified bodies in the tomb were later all removed to the Amasya Museum. It is possible that the "İşboğa Noyin" in this entry and the Abuşkay İşboğanuyan said to lie in the tomb are the same person; the Abuşka Noyan with whom Mesud II set out on campaign in 703 [1304] is also mentioned in the sources. But the linking of these persons is an inference and is not supported by a document.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 109–109. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

Volume 6 contents

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