AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Ahmed Pasha — Hacı Beyzâde

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 6, p. 147 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Recep Orhan ÖZEL - Doç. Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Sultân Bâyezîd-i Sânî Amasya’da vâlî iken defterdâr olan Hacı Nevrûz Bey’in ahfâdından [462] ve Amasya ekâbirinden Beylerbeyi Veli Paşa bin İlyas Bey bin el-Hâc Nevrûz Bey’in mahdûmu ve İlyas, Mehmed Paşaların biraderidir. Cedleri Hacı Nevrûz Bey, Baba İlyâs-ı Horasânî evlâdındandır.

Çâvuşân-i dergâh-ı âlîden olup 962’de Amasya hâsları emîni görüldü.⁵⁰ 965’de Şehzâdegân vak’asında Sultân Selîm-i Sânî taraftarı olup 967’de terfî’en mirlivâ ve 974’de Sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhin cülûsunda Şehzâdesi Sultân Murâd Amasya Vâlisi oldukta ma’iyyeti ümerâsından olarak gelip saray muhâfızı oldu.

982 senesi ramazânında Sultân Murâd Hân’ın cülûsunda terfî’en Musul Beylerbeyi ve ba’dehû şark muhârebelerine me’mûren Çıldır, 986’da Nahçıvan, 987’de Tiflis Beylerbeyi oldu. 988’de Gürcülerin harbinde münhezim olduğundan azledildi.

989’da Revan Beylerbeyi olduğu halde serdâr-ı ekrem Özdemiroğlu Osmân Paşa’nın ma’iyyetinde fedâkârâne harb ederken 991 senesi evâ’ilinde vefât etdi. Şec’ân-ı ümerâdan bir merd-i necîb idi. Mahdûmu Amasya a’yânından İlyas Bey ve [463] mahdûmları Çavuşbaşı Mehmed Bey ve Vezîr Mustafa Paşa’dır.

Târîhen “Hacı Beyzâde” demekle meşhûrdur. Bunun mu’âsırlarından İskender Paşazâde Ahmed Paşa ile Çerkes Hacızâde Ahmed Paşa da başkadır. Târîhlerde bunların tercemeleri pek karışık yazılmıştır. Bu terceme kuyûda istinâden yazıldı.

Footnotes

  • 50 Ayasofya mahzeni evrâkında bulunan mukâta’ât defterinde bu târîhde “Emîn-i hâshâ-yı Amasya Ahmed Velî Amasiye an-çavişân-ı dergâh-ı âlî” diye yazılı görüldü. Diğer yerlerinde “Hacı Beyzâde Ahmed bin Veli Paşa” yazılıdır.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He was a descendant of Hacı Nevruz Bey, who was treasurer when Sultan Bayezid II was governor in Amasya, and was the son of Beylerbeyi Veli Pasha, son of İlyas Bey, son of el-Hac Nevruz Bey, one of the notables of Amasya, and the brother of İlyas Pasha and Mehmed Pasha. His forebear Hacı Nevruz Bey was of the line of Baba İlyas-ı Horasanî.

He was among the çavuşes of the Imperial Divan; in 962 [1554-55] he was seen as steward of the has revenues (hâslar emini) of Amasya. In the princes' affair of 965 [1557-58] he took the side of Sultan Selim II; in 967 [1559-60] he was promoted and became sanjak bey. In 974 [1566-67], when upon the accession of the said sultan his prince Sultan Murad became governor of Amasya, he came as one of the beys in his retinue and became palace guard commander.

In Ramadan 982 [December 1574], upon Sultan Murad Han's accession, he was promoted and became beylerbeyi of Mosul; then, assigned to the eastern wars, he became beylerbeyi of Çıldır, in 986 [1578] of Nakhchivan, and in 987 [1579] of Tiflis. In 988 [1580] he was dismissed because he was defeated in the war with the Georgians.

In 989 [1581], while beylerbeyi of Revan, fighting without sparing his life in the retinue of the commander-in-chief Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha, he died in early 991 [1583]. He was one of the valiant among the beys, a noble and brave man. His son is İlyas Bey, one of the notables of Amasya; İlyas Bey's sons are Çavuşbaşı Mehmed Bey and Vizier Mustafa Pasha.

In the histories he is known as "Hacı Beyzâde." Among his contemporaries, İskender Paşazâde Ahmed Pasha and Çerkes Hacızâde Ahmed Pasha are different persons. In the histories their life stories are written very confusedly with one another. This biography was written relying on the records.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • ahfâd: grandsons, descendants
  • ekâbir: the great, the notables
  • mahdûm: son
  • çâvuşân-ı dergâh-ı âlî: the çavuşes attached to the sultan's palace; officials who carried the divan's orders and were used in embassies and inspections
  • hâslar emîni: the official in charge of collecting the has revenues set aside for the sultan and the dynasty
  • terfî'en: with rank raised
  • mirlivâ: sanjak bey
  • cülûs: accession to the throne
  • ma'iyyet ümerâsı: the beys in the company of a prince or pasha
  • münhezim olmak: to be routed, to be defeated
  • serdâr-ı ekrem: commander-in-chief of a campaign
  • evâ'il: the first days of a month or year
  • şec'ân-ı ümerâ: the valiant among the beys
  • merd-i necîb: a noble, brave person
  • terceme: here, life story, biography
  • kuyûd: official records, registers

The Document Hüsameddin Relied On

Hüsameddin wrote this entry, as he says openly in its last sentence, relying on archival records. In a footnote he states that in a mukataa register among the papers in the Hagia Sophia storeroom, in the records of the year 962, he saw the phrase "Emîn-i hâshâ-yı Amasya Ahmed Velî Amasiye an-çavişân-ı dergâh-ı âlî" (steward of the has revenues of Amasya, Ahmed Veli of Amasya, from the çavuşes of the exalted court), while elsewhere in the register he found "Hacı Beyzâde Ahmed bin Veli Pasha" written. This note is valuable in showing that the family's epithet "Hacı Beyzâde" was used in the period's own registers. Hüsameddin also reminds that three Ahmed Pashas who lived in the same period are confused with one another in the histories; this warning should still be kept in mind today when searching for this person in other sources.

The family takes wide room in other entries of the book as well. Hüsameddin writes that his son İlyas Bey died in 1016 [1607-08] fighting brigands, and that Ahmed Bey, son of his brother Mehmed Pasha, after serving as bey in sanjaks such as Harput, Bayezid and Ardahan, was wounded in the Revan war of 1044 [1634-35] and retired. Thus the Hacı Beyzades appear as a family of beys who came out of Amasya and served on the eastern frontier for two or three generations. The tying of the lineage to Baba İlyas-ı Horasanî is a claim often met in the old families of Amasya; in Hüsameddin's book there are other beys also counted among Baba İlyas's descendants. No independent document confirming this connection was found.

The Eastern Campaigns and Ahmed Pasha's Posts

Ahmed Pasha's beylerbeyilik fall within the Ottoman-Safavid war that began in 1578 and lasted twelve years. The army under Lala Mustafa Pasha in the summer of 986 (1578) defeated the Safavids first at Çıldır, then at Koyungeçidi, and opened the road to Georgia and Shirvan. Tiflis was taken evacuated in August of the same year and made a province. The posts of Çıldır, Nakhchivan and Tiflis that Hüsameddin gives for Ahmed Pasha are these newly conquered frontier provinces under constant Safavid and Georgian attack. The pasha's dismissal in 988 after defeat by the Georgians also reflects how shaky Ottoman rule in the region was; but no detail of this defeat was found in other sources.

At this time Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha was holding the front as beylerbeyi of Shirvan and Dagestan. In Rabi' al-Akhir 991 (May 1583), in the "Torch battle" said to have lasted four days and four nights, Osman Pasha defeated the Safavid army, re-entered Shamakhi, and in Shawwal of the same year left the Caucasus by the sultan's order. Hüsameddin's saying that Ahmed Pasha died in early 991 "fighting selflessly" in Osman Pasha's retinue agrees in time with this date. Whether the pasha died in this great battle or in one of the earlier clashes is not clear; this can be mentioned only as a possibility.

Two Points to Be Careful About

There are two places in the entry that do not agree with present-day information. The first is the beylerbeyilik of Revan. Revan was taken only in early Ramadan 991 (September 1583) by Ferhad Pasha; Ferhad Pasha had a fortress built in the city in forty-five days, and Kars beylerbeyi Deli Hızır Pasha was brought to the newly founded beylerbeyilik of Revan. In 989, the date Hüsameddin gives, Revan was still in Safavid hands. It is within the bounds of possibility that the title of a province not yet taken had been given to Ahmed Pasha in advance, or that the date or the province name was misread in the record; with the information at hand it cannot be said which is correct.

The second is Prince Murad's governorship of Amasya. According to present-day research, when his father Selim II was transferred to Karaman, Murad III became sanjak bey of Akşehir, and from Rajab 969 (March 1562) until his accession in 1574 stayed twelve years as sanjak bey of Saruhan (Manisa). No information is met that he came to Amasya as governor in 974. It is possible that Ahmed Pasha served as palace guard commander in the prince's retinue; but it is more plausible that this was in Manisa rather than Amasya. The "princes' affair of 965" in the entry is the struggle for the throne between Süleyman's sons Selim and Bayezid; to separate his sons from each other Süleyman in September 1558 transferred Selim to Konya and Bayezid to Amasya; Bayezid reached Amasya on 21 December 1558, was defeated in a two-day battle before Konya in May 1559, returned first to Amasya, and then fled to Iran. That a çavuş of Amasya took Selim's side in this quarrel is noteworthy considering that Bayezid was in Amasya, and also explains his promotion.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 147–147. amasya.bel.tr
  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, entries "İlyâs Bey-Hacı Beyzâde" and "Ahmed Bey-Hacıbeyzâde", vol. 6.

Academic studies

Volume 6 contents

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