Sultân Murâd-ı Sânî'nin üçüncü şehzâdesidir. Şükrullâh Çelebi, buna "Sultân Alî" diyor. Sultân Alâ'eddîn Alî Bey demek olur. Amasya'da ikâmet eden vezîr Yörgüç Paşa şehzâdenin lalası, müdebbir-i umûru, Amasya muhâfızı oldu.
Sultân Alâ'eddîn takrîben 828 senesinde Edirne'de doğdu. Amasya vâlîsi olduğu esnâda on beş yaşında yetişik, gâyet gürbüz bir genç idi. Mu'allimi Amasya ulemâsından Hatîbzâde Tâceddîn İbrâhim Efendi bin Mehmed Çelebi idi.
Bu sene Pîr İlyâs-ı Halvetî zâviyesi şeyhi kutbu'l-ârifîn Pîr Celâleddîn Abdurrahmân Çelebi vefât edib pederi Pîr İlyâs-ı Halvetî Hazretleri'nin yanına defn edildi. Yerine müftü Pîr Sun'ullâh Çelebi Halvetî şeyhi, bunun yerine de fuzalâdan Sinâneddîn Yûsuf bin Abdulmelik bin Bahşâyiş Çelebi Amasya müftüsü oldu.
842 senesinde Alâ'eddîn Bey, Şâdî Beyzâde Mahmûd Şâh Çelebi evlâdından Yeni Hâtun ile te'ehhül etdi. Tertîb edilen düğün pek revnaklı oldu. Devşirmeler bundan huylanıp Sultân Murâd'ı tevhîm etmeğe çalışdılar. Şehzâdenin mu'temedi Şâdî Beyzâde Burâk Bey'di. [212] Bu sene Amasya muhâfızı Yörgüç Paşa'nın gözdesi olan mahdûmu ve şehzâdenin ma'iyyeti ümerâsından Yûnus Bey vefât etdi. Pederinin câmii önündeki türbe-i mahsûsaya defn edildi.
845 senesinde Yörgüç Paşa da vefât etdi. Bu da o türbeye defn edildi. Yerine meşâhîr-i ulemâdan Lala Şâhîn Paşazâde Mehmed Paşa şehzâdenin lalası, müdebbir-i umûru, Amasya muhâfızı olarak geldi.
846 senesinde Sultân Murâd-ı Sânî, Karamânoğlu'nun harbine gideceği sırada şehzâde Alâ'eddîn Bey de harbe me'mûr olmuşdu. Bütün tedârikât-ı seferiyyesini ikmâl eden Alâ'eddîn Bey, Amasya'dan ordusuyla kalkıp Konya üzerine pederiyle beraber gitdi. Burâk Bey vâlî kâ'im-makâmı oldu.
Alâ'eddîn Bey, gösterdiği yararlıklarla pederinin nazar-ı dikkatini celb ediyordu. Avdetinde pederiyle beraber Bursa'ya kadar gitmişdi. Sultân Murâd'ın izniyle Bursa'dan dönüp Amasya'ya geldi. Fakat arkasından gönderilen Kara Hızır Paşa, Amasya'ya gece girdi. Bîçâreyi yatağında boğdu.
Bu kadarla kalmadı. Bir yaşında ve altı aylık şehzâdeleri Gıyâseddîn, Tâceddîn Çelelebiler de boğulup Torumtay Türbesi'ne defn edildiler. Amasya beylerbeyiliğine bâ-fermân-ı âlî Amasya muhâfızı olan Lala Mehmed Paşa ta'yîn olundu.
Ba'zı müverrihler iddi'â ederler ki şehzâde Alâ'eddîn Bey ihnâk edileceğinden haberdâr olduğu anda derhâl ihtifâ ve Hindistân'a firâr edib [213] Kara Hızır Paşa, şehzâdeye benzer kölelerinden birini ihnâk etmişdir.
Gûyâ Alâ'eddîn Bey, Amasya'dan Hindistân'a gidip Dekken hükümdârı Sultân Alâ'eddîn Behmenî nezdine gitmiş, müşârün-ileyhe mu'ahharan dâmâd ve mukarreb olup mahdûmu İsmâ'îl Âdil Şâh 890 senesinde Pencapur pâdişâhı olarak Âdilşâhiyye sülâlesini kurmuşdur. Buna İsmâ'îl Âdil Hân denirdi.
Âdil Hân'ın iki mahdûmu olup biri Yûsuf Âdilşâh, diğeri İbrâhim Âdilşâh, bunun mahdûmu Alâ'eddîn Alî Âdilşâh sırasıyla Pencapur hükümdârı olmuşlardır. Müverrihlerden Hayrullâh Efendi, Millet Kütüphânesi sâhibi Alî Emîrî Efendi, meskûkât mütehassısı Alî Bey bu rivâyeti tervîce mâ'il idiler.
In Modern English
He is the third prince of Sultan Murad II. Şükrullâh Çelebi calls him "Sultan Alî." This means Sultan Alâeddin Alî Bey. The vizier Yörgüç Pasha, who lived in Amasya, became the prince's lala, administrator of his affairs, and guardian of Amasya.
Sultan Alâeddin was born in Edirne around 828 [1424-25]. When he became governor of Amasya he was a fifteen-year-old, developed, very robust youth. His teacher was Hatîbzâde Tâceddîn İbrâhim Efendi, son of Muhammed Çelebi, one of the scholars of Amasya.
This year Pîr Celâleddîn Abdurrahmân Çelebi, sheikh of the Pîr İlyâs-ı Halvetî Zawiya and kutb of the gnostics, died and was buried beside his father, His Holiness Pîr İlyâs-ı Halvetî. In his place the mufti Pîr Sun'ullâh Çelebi became Khalwati sheikh, and in his place Sinâneddîn Yûsuf Çelebi, one of the scholars, son of Abdulmelik and grandson of Bahşâyiş, became mufti of Amasya.
In 842 [1438-39] Alâeddin Bey married Yeni Hatun, of the line of Mahmûd Şâh Çelebi, son of Şâdî Bey. The wedding that was prepared was very showy. The devshirmes grew suspicious of this and tried to make Sultan Murad suspicious too. The person the prince trusted was Burâk Bey, son of Şâdî Bey. This year Yûnus Bey, the favorite son of Yörgüç Pasha, guardian of Amasya, and one of the beys in the prince's retinue, died. He was buried in the private tomb in front of his father's mosque.
In 845 [1441-42] Yörgüç Pasha also died. He too was buried in this tomb. In his place Mehmed Pasha, son of Lala Şâhin Pasha, one of the famous scholars, came as the prince's lala, administrator of his affairs, and guardian of Amasya.
In 846 [1442-43], when Sultan Murad II was about to go to war against the Karamanoğlu, Prince Alâeddin Bey was also assigned to the campaign. Alâeddin Bey, having completed all the preparations for the campaign, set out from Amasya with his army and went with his father toward Konya. Burâk Bey became deputy governor.
Alâeddin Bey drew his father's attention with the services he rendered. On the return he had come with his father as far as Bursa. With Sultan Murad's permission he turned back from Bursa and came to Amasya. But Kara Hızır Pasha, sent after him, entered Amasya by night. He strangled the poor man in his bed.
This was not all. His sons, Gıyâseddîn and Tâceddîn Çelebis, aged one year and six months, were also strangled and buried in the Torumtay Tomb. Lala Mehmed Pasha, guardian of Amasya, was appointed to the beylerbeyilik of Amasya by exalted decree.
Some historians claim as follows: the moment Prince Alâeddin Bey learned that he would be strangled, he at once hid and fled to India, and Kara Hızır Pasha strangled one of his slaves who resembled the prince.
Allegedly Alâeddin Bey went from Amasya to India and reached Sultan Alâeddin Behmenî, ruler of the Deccan, and later became his son-in-law and intimate; his son İsmâ'îl Âdil Şâh became ruler of Pencapur (Bijapur) in 890 [1485-86] and founded the Âdilşâhiyye dynasty. He was called İsmâ'îl Âdil Han.
Âdil Han had two sons; one was Yûsuf Âdilşâh, the other İbrâhim Âdilşâh. His son Alâeddin Alî Âdilşâh and so on in turn became rulers of Pencapur. Among historians Hayrullâh Efendi, Alî Emîrî Efendi, owner of the Millet Library, and the numismatist Alî Bey were inclined to spread this account.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- ihnâk: strangling, having someone strangled
- ihtifâ: hiding
- te'ehhül: marrying
- tevhîm: casting into suspicion
- mu'temed: trusted person
- mîrlîvâ: sanjak bey
- vâlî kâ'im-makâmı: deputy governor
- dâmâd ve mukarreb: son-in-law and intimate
- tervîc: spreading, popularizing
- Dekken: the Deccan plateau in the south of India
Who Prince Alâeddin Ali Was
According to the sources Alâeddin Ali Çelebi was born in Edirne in 1425. His father is Murad II. He served as sanjak bey in Saruhan and in Amasya. There are researchers who write that he took up the Amasya sanjak bey post in 1440 at the age of fifteen; some sources give his Amasya post as 1442-1443. The details Hüsameddin gives (his lala Yörgüç Pasha, his teacher Hatîbzâde Tâceddîn İbrâhim Efendi, his marriage to someone of the line of Şâdî Beyzâde Mahmûd Şâh, Burâk Bey's trust) are found in other sources too. It is also noted that after Yörgüç Pasha's death Paşazâde Mehmed Efendi is mentioned as lala.
On his father's instruction he took part with the sipahis under his command in the 1443 campaign against the Karamanids. This campaign, which Hüsameddin ties to the year 846 [1442-43], is also in the encyclopedic source: Murad II set out with the kapıkulu troops, and Prince Alâeddin marched with the Amasya forces. The Ottomans plundered and ravaged the province of Karaman, including Konya and Larende, but Murad II, considering the situation in Rumelia, signed a peace and returned to Edirne.
Accounts of His Death
Alâeddin's death is narrated differently in the sources. Hüsameddin writes that he was strangled in his bed in Amasya by Kara Hızır Pasha. The encyclopedic source notes only that the news came that Alâeddin Ali Çelebi, the son Murad II loved and trusted greatly, had died in Amasya and that this news shook the sultan greatly; nothing is written on the manner of death. According to another account, the prince died as a result of an accident while riding near Bursa on returning from the Karaman campaign. Some authors relay that the Byzantine historian Chalkokondyles writes that the prince died by falling from his horse and breaking his neck during a deer hunt. The same writings narrate that according to Ottoman sources the prince was sixteen and according to Doukas eighteen years old, and that he had no known health problem.
One author relays that at Varna, at the moment Murad II wished to flee, the janissary agha said something in the sense of "you killed Sultan Alâeddin," and from this concludes that the prince died not by accident but by assassination. This is an author's interpretation. We have no document or first-hand record supporting this statement. It is also written in another source that Alâeddin lies in Bursa, in the Muradiye Complex, in a room beside the Tomb of Murad II, and that in his father's will he asked to be buried near him.
No information was found in another source on the two small children Hüsameddin says were buried in Amasya. After the prince's death, as the encyclopedic source notes, it is also written that Zağanos Pasha attached himself to Mehmed II, "who remained the sole heir apparent on the death of his elder brother Prince Alâeddin," and with him formed a political opposition against Çandarlı Halil Pasha.
The Âdilshahi Account
According to the account Hüsameddin relays at the end of the text, Alâeddin escaped and went to India, became son-in-law of the Bahmani ruler, and the Âdilshahi dynasty of Bijapur came from his line. Hüsameddin relays it as "it is claimed" and "allegedly," that is, he himself does not give a definite judgment. Still, the counterpart of this story in the history of India must be looked at. Yusuf Adil Shah is named as the founder of the Âdilshahi dynasty; it is written that he declared his independence in Bijapur in 1490 and died in 1510. According to the account of the contemporary historian Ferishta, Yusuf is a son of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II; but modern historians regard this as baseless. It is also put forward that Yusuf may have been a slave of Georgian origin, of Persian or Akkoyunlu Turkmen origin. His birth year is shown as 1450; this is after 1443, the recorded year of Alâeddin Ali's death.
Hüsameddin's sequence also does not agree with the sources. Hüsameddin writes that the dynasty was founded by İsmâ'îl Âdil Şâh in 890 [1485-86] and counts Yûsuf Âdilşâh among his sons. In the other source the founder is Yusuf and his son İsmail takes his place. This difference suggests that the account Hüsameddin relies on became confused in name and order as it later spread; but it is not possible to say this with certainty. The three persons who adopted the account are, according to Hüsameddin, Hayrullah Efendi, Ali Emîrî Efendi, and the numismatist Ali Bey. No additional information on their views was found in the sources we read.
Yeni Hatun, Yûnus Bey, and the Torumtay Tomb
For Yeni Hatun, whom Alâeddin married, the name Selmin Hatun appears in other sources; it is written that she was the daughter of Şâdî Beyzâde Mahmud Şâh and that a daughter named Selvi was born of this marriage. Hüsameddin gives only the name "Yeni Hatun" and that she descended from the line of Şâdî Bey. Yörgüç Pasha's son Yûnus Bey's being buried in the tomb in front of his father's mosque agrees with the sarcophagi in the tomb of the Yörgüç Pasha Complex, which still stands today. In the tomb, beside Yörgüç Pasha lie his son Yûnus Bey and two daughters.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, p. 471–472. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Books
Other sources