Amasyalıdır. Selçukiyye vüzerâsından Şerefeddîn Mehmed Pervâne Bey bin Hüsâmü’d-devle Hasan Gâzi bin Emîr Nâsiru’d-devle İltekin Gâzi mahdûmudur. Sultân İzzeddîn Keykâvus-i Evvel devrinde şehzâdegân-ı Selçuk’un nüfûz ve emâretlerine Amasya’da hitâm vermek husûsunda büyük hizmetleri sebk eylediğinden 606’da Simre (Amasya) vâlisi oldu.
610’da Sultân Keykâvus-ı Evvelin feth eylediği Sinop livâsı, Amasya vilâyetine ilhâk edilerek nüfûz-ı emâreti tevsi’ etdi. 612’de Sinop kalesini ta’mîr edib nâmını ve Simre vâlisi olduğunu kalenin burcunda hâk etdirdi. Sultân İzzeddîn Keykâvus’un hastalığı hengâmında Amasya’ya hücûm [254] eden Rükneddîn Kayser Şâh’a teslîm-i vilâyet ederek ba’dehû vefât eyledi. Mahdûmu Emîr İzzeddîn Hasan’dır.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Şerefeddîn Mehmed Pervâne Bey, one of the Seljuk viziers, son of Hüsâmüddevle Hasan Gâzi, son of Emîr Nâsırüddevle İltekin Gâzi. Because he had rendered great services in ending the influence and emirates of the Seljuk princes in Amasya in the time of Sultan İzzeddîn Keykâvus I, he became governor of Simre (Amasya) in 606 [1209-10].
When the sanjak of Sinop, conquered by Sultan Keykâvus I in 610 [1213-14], was attached to the province of Amasya, the sphere of influence of his emirate widened. In 612 [1215] he repaired the castle of Sinop and had his name and his being governor of Simre carved on a tower of the castle. During the illness of Sultan İzzeddîn Keykâvus, he handed the province over to Rükneddîn Kayser Şâh, who attacked Amasya; after this he died. His son is Emîr İzzeddîn Hasan.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- vüzerâ: viziers
- pervâne: a high official at the Seljuk court who conducted the affairs relating to the sultan's orders and diplomas (berat)
- şehzâdegân: princes
- hitâm vermek: to put an end to
- sebk eylemek: to precede, to have been done earlier
- livâ: sanjak
- ilhâk: attaching, annexing
- tevsi': widening, expanding
- hâk etmek: to carve, to scrape
- hengâm: time, moment
- teslîm-i vilâyet: handing over the province
The Inscription on Sinop Castle
The firmest basis of the entry is the Sinop inscription bearing Bedreddin Ebûbekir's name, and this inscription is still in place today. On the east face of the second tower beside the Lonca Gate of the Sinop Inner Castle is the first known Arabic-Greek bilingual inscription of the Seljuk period. The inscription states that this tower and wall were built by a servant in need of God's mercy, that the builder was the governor (sâhib) of Simre, Bedreddîn Ebû Bekir, that the date was the month of Rebîülâhir of the year 612, and that the writing was by Yavaş of Kayseri. Its being bilingual is regarded as a sign of an approach that took into account together the city's old Christian population and the newly settled Turks. Hüsameddin's words "he had his name and his being governor of Simre carved on a tower of the castle" coincide exactly with this inscription.
This inscription is part of a great undertaking in which, in the months following the conquest of the city, the costs of repairing the walls were shared among the Seljuk emirs. There are 15 inscriptions from this period on the walls of the Sinop Inner Castle, and they mention, together with Sultan İzzeddin Keykâvus I, 12 emirs, 9 cities, 3 architects and 1 scribe. The custom of emirs having their names written on the towers they built began in Anatolia at Sinop.
Differences in Dates
Hüsameddin places the conquest of Sinop in the year 610. According to present knowledge, Sinop surrendered to Keykâvus on 26 Cemâziyelâhir 611 (2 November 1214); that is, the conquest falls in the year 611. The year 606 given for the beginning of the governorship also carries a difficulty within the entry itself: Keykâvus came to the throne in 608 (1211), on the death of his father Gıyâseddin Keyhusrev I. If an appointment was made in 606, it must have been in the reign of Keyhusrev, not Keykâvus. Keykâvus's death is in the year 616 (1220); the illness and the attack on Amasya that Hüsameddin mentions must belong to these last years.
Simre and Amasya
Hüsameddin explains "Simre" in parentheses as Amasya. However, in the same Sinop inscriptions, separately from the emir of Simre, Bedreddîn Ebû Bekir, an "emir of Amasya" is also mentioned; the title of this emir that can be read in the inscription is Mübârizüddevle ve'd-dîn. The inscriptions' counting two separate emirs together for Simre and Amasya raises the question of whether Simre was directly the city of Amasya itself or a separate administrative center near it. It is also noteworthy that Halifet Gâzi, who governed Amasya in 1222-1228, bore the title Mübârizüddin; but since the inscription does not give a full name, it cannot be said with certainty who this emir was.
Rükneddîn Kayser Şâh
No information was found in other sources on the identity of Rükneddîn Kayser Şâh, who is said to have attacked Amasya during Keykâvus's illness. In the sources of the period there appear Seljuk emirs bearing the name Kayser (Celâleddin Kayser, subaşı of Kayseri, and Celâleddîn Kaysar, mentioned among the emirs of Sivas in the Sinop inscriptions); whether he had any connection with them could not be determined.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 85–85. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Official sources
Books
Other sources