AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Hüseyin Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 659–660 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Esbak kul kethüdâsı Amasyalı Türk Şa'bân Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa'nın oğludur. 1176 şevvâlinin sekizinci günü kendi ricâsıyla Amasya mutasarrıfı olup tebdîl-i havâ için geldi. Hasta olduğundan a'yândan Türedioğlu Hacı Süleymân Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Şevvâlin on altıncı günü hasta olan Amasya müftüsü Şeyh Mehmed Efendi vefât etdi. Hastalığı zamânında vekâlet eden mahdûmu Sultâniyye müderrisi Hâfız Abdurrahmân [107] Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu. İmâret şeyhliği de diğer mahdûmları Osmân, Abdurrahîm, Mahmûd, Mustafâ Efendiler'e verildi.

Zilka'de ibtidâsında Amasyalı Hatîbzâde Mahmûd Efendi Amasya kadısı ve yeni müftü olan Abdurrahmân Efendi nâ'ibi oldu. Amasya'nın fetvâ ve kazâsını nefsinde cem' etdi.

Birkaç gün sonra Mehmed Paşa müderrisi büyük âlimlerden "Emîr Müderris" demekle meşhûr Hacı Ahmed Efendi, Beyzavî tefsîrini hatim eylediğinden yüz kadar talebesine pek debdebeli icâzet düğünü yapıldı. Etrâfdan âlimler ve müftüler da'vet edildi. Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii dar geldiğinden Ok Meydânı'ndaki musallâya çıkıldı.

Amasya mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa geldi. Musallâ değil bütün Ok Meydânı dolup taşdı. Bir mahşer hâlini aldı. Bütün ulemâ, a'yân ve halk huzûrunda Laz İbrâhim Efendi gür sesiyle icâzet-nâmeyi okudu. Huzzârı ağlatdı. Birkaç Ermenî müslümân oldu.

1177 muharreminde mahkeme başkâtibi Fazlıoğlu Hacı İsmâ'il Efendi, rebî'ulevvelde Sultân Bâyezîd hatîbi, şâ'ir ve hânende olan Hâfız Mehmed Kâmil Efendi vefât etdi. Taşâbâdîzâde Hacı Mehmed Emîn Efendi mahkeme başkâtibi ve Gürcüzâde Hacı Ahmed Bey alaybeyi oldu. [108]

Recebde yeniçeri serdârı Cebecioğlu Osmân Ağa, Hüseyin Paşa'nın kethüdâsı olup a'yândan Çiğdem Beyzâde Hacı Alî Ağa da vefât etdi. Şa'bânın ikinci günü dâru's-sa'âde ağası kâtibi Bolulu İzzet Mehmed Efendi evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi olarak Amasya'ya geldi.

Zilka'de ibtidâsında Birgili Süleymân Efendi ikinci def'a Amasya kadısı olup tarafından mahkeme kâtibi Mehmed Emîn Efendi nâ'ibi oldu. Bu yıl a'yândan ve kapıcıbaşılardan Hacı Kadiroğlu Hacı Hâfız Mehmed Ağa ve enderûn ricâlinden Amasyalı Sarıbeyzâde İsmâ'il Bey bin Alî Bey vefât etdi.

1178 muharreminde Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı Alî Bey baş a'yân, Göztaşoğlu Hacı Alî Ağa bin Hacı Mustafâ Ağa hacıbaşı ve Hacı Zeynel Ağa nakîb olup saferde ulemâ ve a'yândan Saracoğlu Hacı İsmâ'il Efendi bin Hacı Mehmed Ağa vefât etdi. Bu yıl hasekibaşı Merzifonlu Mâdih Alî Efendi musâhib-i şehriyârî oldu.

Rebî'ulevvelde âlimlerin başı fuzalâdan Torumtay müderrisi Laz Hacı İbrâhim Efendi bin Mûsâ vefât edip mahdûmu dersiâm Mûsâ Efendi müderris oldu. Rebî'ulâhirde müfessir Emîr Müderris Hacı Ahmed Efendi de vefât etdi. [109]

Cemâziyelâhir ibtidâsında Hacı Osmân Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi. Receb ibtidâlarında müftü ve hacıbaşı azl edilip fetvâ emîni Hacı Servahdî Mustafâ Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Bostancıoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa da hacıbaşı oldu.

Şa'bânda Rus muhârebesi melhûz olmakla Amasya mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa İçil sancağıyla Özi kalesi muhâfızı ve Özi eyâleti vâlîsi olduğundan Amasya sancağı sâbık Ankara beylerbeyi Ebûbekir Paşa'ya verildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Türk Şaban Ağazade Mehmed Ağa of Amasya, a former kul kethüda (deputy of the janissary ağa). On the eighth day of Şevval 1176 [1763] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya at his own request and came to Amasya for a change of air. Since he was ill, Türedioğlu Hacı Süleyman Ağa, one of the notables, became mütesellim of Amasya.

On the sixteenth day of Şevval the ailing mufti of Amasya, Şeyh Mehmed Efendi, died. His son Hafız Abdurrahman Efendi, müderris of the Sultaniye Madrasa, who had deputized for him during his illness, became mufti of Amasya. The imaret sheikhdom was given to his other sons, Osman, Abdurrahim, Mahmud and Mustafa Efendi.

At the beginning of Zilkade Hatibzade Mahmud Efendi of Amasya became kadı of Amasya, and the new mufti Abdurrahman Efendi became his naib. Thus Abdurrahman Efendi united in his own person the fatwa and judicial affairs of Amasya.

A few days later, since Hacı Ahmed Efendi, müderris of the Mehmed Pasha Madrasa and one of the great scholars, known as "Emir Müderris", had had the tafsir of Beyzâvî read through from beginning to end, a very splendid icazet (diploma) ceremony was held for about a hundred of his students. Scholars and muftis from the surrounding area were invited. Since the Sultan Bayezid Mosque proved too small, they went out to the musalla (open-air prayer ground) at the Ok Meydanı.

The mutasarrıf of Amasya, Hüseyin Pasha, also came. Not only the musalla but the whole Ok Meydanı filled to overflowing and became virtually a place of resurrection. In the presence of all the ulema, notables and people, Laz İbrahim Efendi read the icazetname in his powerful voice and made the listeners weep. A few Armenians became Muslims.

In Muharrem 1177 [1763] the chief court clerk Fazlıoğlu Hacı İsmail Efendi died, and in Rebiülevvel Hafız Mehmed Kâmil Efendi, preacher of the Sultan Bayezid Mosque, poet and singer, died. Taşabadizade Hacı Mehmed Emin Efendi became chief court clerk, and Gürcüzade Hacı Ahmed Bey became alaybeyi.

In Receb the janissary serdar Cebecioğlu Osman Ağa became kethüda of Hüseyin Pasha; Çiğdem Beyzade Hacı Ali Ağa, one of the notables, also died. On the second day of Şaban Bolulu İzzet Mehmed Efendi, scribe of the darüssaade ağası (chief of the harem ağas), came to Amasya as steward of the sultan's waqfs.

At the beginning of Zilkade Birgili Süleyman Efendi became kadı of Amasya for the second time; by him the court clerk Mehmed Emin Efendi was appointed naib. This year Hacı Kadiroğlu Hacı Hafız Mehmed Ağa, one of the notables and kapıcıbaşıs, and Sarıbeyzade İsmail Bey son of Ali Bey of Amasya, one of the men of the palace's inner service, died.

In Muharrem 1178 [1764] Rahtuvan Paşazade Hacı Ali Bey became chief notable, Göztaşoğlu Hacı Ali Ağa son of Hacı Mustafa Ağa became hacıbaşı, and Hacı Zeynel Ağa became nakîb. In Safer Saracoğlu Hacı İsmail Efendi son of Hacı Mehmed Ağa, one of the ulema and notables, died. This year the hasekibaşı Mâdih Ali Efendi of Merzifon became the sultan's musahip (close companion in conversation).

In Rebiülevvel the head of the scholars, Laz Hacı İbrahim Efendi son of Musa, müderris of the Torumtay Madrasa and one of the learned, died, and his son, the dersiam Musa Efendi, became müderris. In Rebiülahir the commentator Emir Müderris Hacı Ahmed Efendi also died.

At the beginning of Cemaziyelahir Hacı Osman Efendi arrived as kadı of Amasya. At the beginning of Receb the mufti and the hacıbaşı were dismissed; the fetva emini Hacı Servahdi Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya, and Bostancıoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa became hacıbaşı.

In Şaban, since a Russian war was expected, the mutasarrıf of Amasya, Hüseyin Pasha, having become guardian of Özi Castle and governor of the province of Özi together with the sanjak of İçel, the sanjak of Amasya was given to the former beylerbeyi of Ankara, Ebubekir Pasha.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • kul kethüdâsı: the corps officer who came after the janissary ağa
  • tebdîl-i havâ: change of air
  • fetvâ ve kazâ: the offices of mufti and kadı
  • nefsinde cem' etmek: to unite in one's own person
  • hatim eylemek: to read a book through from beginning to end
  • icâzet: the permission a teacher gives his student to teach and transmit, diploma
  • debdebeli: showy, splendid
  • musallâ: a place where prayer is performed in the open air, prayer ground
  • huzzâr: those present
  • hânende: one who sings, a vocal artist
  • dâru's-sa'âde ağası: the chief of the harem ağas in the palace
  • musâhib-i şehriyârî: the sultan's close companion in conversation
  • fetvâ emîni: head of the office in the şeyhülislamlık that prepared fatwas
  • melhûz: expected, foreseeable

Hüseyin Pasha of Amasya

In the biography volumes of Hüsameddin's work, this Pasha's life is recounted more broadly under the heading "Türedizâde Hüseyin Pasha". According to the information there, he took part in the Revan campaign in 1141 [1729] as a janissary registered in the forty-ninth company, was made Revan ağası for the bravery he showed, and became son-in-law of Şahin Mehmed Ağa, deputy of the janissary ağa. In 1154 [1741], under the protection of Grand Vizier Zanalızade Seyyid Hacı Ahmed Pasha, he entered the ranks of the ocak ağas, and after becoming in turn mahzır ağası, saksoncubaşı, zağarcıbaşı and kul kethüdası, rose to the janissary ağalık on 25 Rebiülevvel 1161 [1748]. Four months later he was dismissed on charges of laxity and remained in exile at Tekfurdağı for about six years. Then he became mutasarrıf of Kyustendil and guardian of Khotyn with the rank of beylerbeyi, governor of Crete with the vizierate on account of his zeal at Khotyn, governor of Rumelia in 1170 [1757], guardian of Özi in 1171 [1758], governor of Belgrade in 1172 [1759], and in Cemaziyelevvel 1175 [1761-62] was appointed kaptan-ı derya. Since he could not get along with Grand Vizier Râgıb Mehmed Pasha, he was dismissed after two months and sent to the sanjak of Resmo; after Râgıb Pasha's death, at the request of the new grand vizier Hamza Hâmid Pasha, he was appointed to Amasya on 8 Şevval 1176. He lived about two years in the mansion he had built in the Receb quarter at Amasya; in Şaban 1178, with his vizierate retained, he was assigned to the war as mutasarrıf of İçel, became governor of Crete for the second time in 1180, guardian of Anatolia in 1182, and died there in Rebiülevvel 1183 [1769]. Hüsameddin characterizes him as "şecî, mukdim, müdebbir", that is, a brave, enterprising and prudent vizier, and adds that his kethüda was Cebecizade Seyyid Osman Pasha and his treasurer Türedizade Hacı Süleyman Ağa.

In this biography the father's name, unlike in our entry, is given as "Türedioğlu Ahmed Ağa, serdar of Amasya". That Hüsameddin gives the same Pasha two different father's names in two places of the same work is a point the reader should note. That Türedizade Hacı Süleyman Ağa, the Pasha's treasurer, appears in this entry as mütesellim of Amasya shows his close relationship with the Türedioğulları; it is possible that the father's name in the biography volume is the more reliable.

Comparison with Official Records

Some links in the Pasha's career cannot be verified from the official lists. In the lists of kaptan-ı deryas, after Hacı Hasan Pasha (March 1761-January 1762), the Vizier Kethüdası Mehmed Pasha (January-August 1762) appears for the years 1761-1762; there is no Hüseyin Pasha at those dates in these lists. Hüsameddin's record of "predecessor Hasan Pasha" agrees with the first name, but why Hüseyin Pasha's two-month term as kaptan is not reflected in the lists is not clear. A similar situation exists regarding his appointment to Amasya: according to the appointment record relayed by Ahmet Önal, on 10 Şevval 1176 [24 April 1763] the sanjak of Amasya was given in Sarızade Mehmed Pasha's place to "Osman Bey, brother-in-law of Çeteci Abdullah Pasha". The date 8 Şevval 1176 given by Hüsameddin is nearly the same as this general appointment day, but the name is different.

The record of the governorship of Özi in the last sentence of the entry also does not agree with the official lists. According to the list Orhan Kılıç compiled of the administrators of the Özi/Silistre province from appointment records, in Şaban 1178 [January-February 1765] Bosnian Recep Pasha was at Özi; Recep Pasha had been appointed on 5 March 1764 and was left in office on 26 January 1765. In May 1765 Silahdar Mehmed Pasha replaced him. Hüsameddin's biography volume also writes that at this date the Pasha was assigned "to the war" not to Özi but with the mutasarrıflık of İçel. The Pasha's guardianship of Özi in fact belongs to the year 1171, and Hüsameddin puts it in the right place in his biography. The point that most needs attention, however, is the phrase "since a Russian war was expected". In 1765 there was no war between the Ottomans and Russia; the war of 1768-1774 began when the Ottoman state declared war on Russia in the autumn of 1768. This phrase, like the dates of the Russian-war events recounted in later entries, suggests that Hüsameddin's chronology in this section may have shifted by a few years.

The Ijazah Ceremony at the Ok Meydanı

The most vivid scene of the entry is the icazet ceremony held for the students of Emir Müderris Hacı Ahmed Efendi. The work read was the Qur'an commentary of Kadı Beyzâvî (d. 685/1286) called Envârü't-tenzîl ve esrârü't-te'vîl. As İsmail Cerrahoğlu states, this commentary, although hard to understand because its literary and philosophical analyses are written in a terse style, enjoyed great esteem, was taught in madrasas, and had more than 250 commentaries and glosses written on it. In the same years Beyzâvî's tafsir was generally read at the huzur lessons in the palace as well; the first regular huzur lessons before Mustafa III had been given from this commentary in Ramazan 1172 [1759]. That a provincial müderris read this heavy work through from beginning to end and gave icazet to about a hundred students at once shows that the madrasas of Amasya were still a strong teaching center in the eighteenth century.

In the Islamic educational tradition the icazet is the document by which a teacher gives his student the authority to teach and transmit a book or a science. As Cemil Akpınar explains, icazets were personal, not institutional, documents; the teacher gave icazet to his students according to their capacity, and the approval of the institution where he taught was not sought. It is also known that recitation icazets were given in the mosque in a ceremony before the congregation, that the previously prepared text of the icazetname was read aloud, and that the ceremony was completed with a prayer. The ceremony Hüsameddin describes is an exceptionally crowded example of this tradition: since the Sultan Bayezid Mosque was not enough, the ceremony was moved to the musalla at the Ok Meydanı, and Laz İbrahim Efendi read the icazetname.

The Ok Meydanı has been a known place in Amasya since the seventeenth century. According to Kadir Özköse's study on the Halvetî tekkes in Amasya, the Ehlullah Tekke in the Hızır Pasha quarter was built in 1064 [1654] near the Ok Meydanı by Hacı Hızır Ağa, mütesellim of Amasya, known as the "Meydan Ağası".

Laz İbrahim Efendi and Emir Müderris

Laz İbrahim Efendi, who read the icazetname, is the müderris of Torumtay whom Hüsameddin calls "head of the scholars" at his death. Aysun and Engin Kanbur, when listing those who served as müderris at the Bekir Pasha Madrasa, built in 1751 as a darülhadis, place Laz İbrahim Efendi at the head of the list and, second, Seküköylüzade Hacı Mehmed Kâşif Efendi, after whom the Kâşifiye Madrasa was named. In Hüsameddin's biography volume it is also written that a scholar of Merzifon took lessons in Amasya from Kâşif Efendi, Laz İbrahim and Iydîzâde Âkif Efendi; this shows that İbrahim Efendi was one of the sought-after teachers of the Amasya of his time. The Mehmed Pasha Madrasa, where Hacı Ahmed Efendi, known by the nickname "Emir Müderris", was müderris, is most likely the madrasa of the complex near the Yeşilırmak of Hızır Paşazade Mehmed Pasha (d. 900/1495), vizier of Bayezid II and lala of Prince Ahmed. According to Ebru Karakaya, the madrasa and imaret of this complex burned and disappeared, while the mosque and tomb have survived to the present.

No information was found in other sources on the mufti Şeyh Mehmed Efendi, the kadı Hatibzade Mahmud Efendi, the singer Hafız Mehmed Kâmil Efendi and the musahip Mâdih Ali Efendi named in the entry.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Official sources

  • Aysun Kanbur - Engin Kanbur, "Medreselerde Eğitim, Yönetim ve Organizasyon Faaliyetleri: Amasya Medreseleri Açısından Bir Değerlendirme", I. Amasya Araştırmaları (13-15 Haziran 2007), 2. Kitap, Amasya Valiliği, 2007.

Other sources

Remainder of Volume 4 contents

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