AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

İshak Çelebi — Mevlânâ Sadreddîn

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 282 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasya kâdı’l-kudâtı İmadzâde Mevlânâ Müeyyideddîn Mehmed Çelebi mahdûmudur. Amasya fuzalâsından tahsîl-i ulûm ederek ders-i âm, Torumtay müderrisi, ba’dehû kadı olup 804’de vefât etdi. Kibâr-ı kudâtdan idi. Mahdûmu Seydî Ahmed Çelebi ve birâderi Amasya’da zâviyesi olan Bedreddîn Mahmûd Çelebi’dir.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was the son of İmâdzâde Mevlânâ Müeyyideddîn Mehmed Çelebi, chief judge of Amasya. He studied under the virtuous scholars of Amasya and gave public lessons, became müderris of the Torumtay Madrasa and then a judge, and died in 804 [1401-02]. He was one of the great judges. His son was Seydî Ahmed Çelebi; his brother was Bedreddîn Mahmûd Çelebi, who had a zâviye in Amasya.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • kâdı'l-kudât: judge of judges, chief judge
  • mahdûm: son
  • fuzalâ: virtuous, learned persons
  • tahsîl-i ulûm: studying the sciences
  • ders-i âm: the authority to give public lessons
  • kibâr-ı kudât: great judges, leading judges
  • birâder: brother
  • zâviye: a small lodge where dervishes gathered and travellers also stayed

Where the Torumtay Madrasa Was

The Torumtay Madrasa is the building known today as the Gökmedrese Mosque. It was built by the Seljuk emir Seyfeddin Torumtay, and for this reason it has also been called the Torumtay Mosque. The endowment deed that Torumtay had drawn up is dated 665 (1266-67); since its inscription has not been found, the exact date of construction is not known, but the building is accepted to have been finished in that year at the latest. The structure was used as both a mosque and a madrasa. The tomb that Torumtay had built himself, dated 677 (1278-79), is today separated from the building by a street. It is generally accepted that the name Gök ("sky-blue") comes from the blue glazed bricks of the dome drum; the purple and turquoise tile decoration of the tomb is also linked to the name. With its arched entrance, its windows with geometric decoration and its kündekâri door leaves, it counts among the fine examples of Seljuk stonework; the door leaves are today in the Amasya Museum.

Hüsameddin describes this madrasa separately in the first volume of his book. According to him, the madrasa consists of small stone rooms inside the mosque, on the north and west side of the space inside the great door; its open, hexagonal lecture hall is on the east side, and the endowment deed records that it was known as "Gök Medrese" because the lecture hall was decorated with green stones. Its first müderris was Gıyâseddîn Mahmûd Garmînî, regarded as the sage of his age; after him other scholars held the post until 800 [1397-98]. Among scholars the madrasa was also called "Medrese-i Seyfiyye". The man of the entry thus taught, at the end of the fourteenth century, in the years when Amasya was beginning to pass to Ottoman rule, in a madrasa founded more than a hundred years earlier.

His Father Müeyyideddîn Mehmed and the Tradition of Judgeship

According to Hüsameddin's account in the third volume, in the time of the emir of Amasya Hacı Şadgeldi Paşa, around 768 [1366-67], when the chief military judge Pîr Nizâmeddîn Mahmûd Cürcânî died, the judge of Amasya Cemâleddîn Muhammed Aksarayî became chief military judge and İmâdzâde Müeyyideddîn Muhammed Çelebi became judge of Amasya. In the same book, where it is told how the scholars of Amasya went to different cities because of a forged letter, it is written that the judge Müeyyideddîn Muhammed Çelebi went to the Hejaz. This shows that the father's years as a judge were passed amid political turmoil.

The Brother's Zâviye

For the brother named at the end of the entry, Bedreddîn Mahmûd Çelebi, Hüsameddin wrote a separate entry in the seventh volume. According to it, Mahmûd Çelebi was the son of the chief judge Müeyyideddîn Mehmed, who built the fountain opposite the Tomb of Halfet Gâzi. In 771 [1369-70] he received the authority to give public lessons, in 776 [1374-75] he became müderris of the Halifiyye-Halfet Gâzi Madrasa, and at his father's death he became chief judge of Amasya. He was dismissed in the time of Emir Fahreddîn Ahmed Paşa and remained without a post for many years, was then sent to the provinces as judge of Tokat, and when he was dismissed from there too in 805 [1402-03] he came to Amasya and had a zâviye and a soup kitchen built in the inner city. He endowed his property to this charity in 807 [1404-05] and died in the month of Rajab 808 [1405-06]. His grave is in the Tomb of the Judges (Kadılar Türbesi) beside the fountain; the Arabic inscription on the gravestone gives the name "Hacı Mahmud bin Mehmed el-Kadı". His sons were Pîr Mehmed, Ali and Ahmed Çelebis, and his descendants were called Çakal Kadızâdes.

A recent study also surveys the Amasya waqf records (hurufat registers) and gives information on this zâviye. According to the records, a zâviye was built in 807 [1404] in the Karatay Quarter within the inner city of Amasya by Ammâd-zâde Bedreddîn Mahmûd Çelebi, who belonged to the Naqshbandi path; it appears in the records as the "Mahmud Efendi Zâviyesi". The researcher bases this information directly on Hüsameddin's book (2022 edition, p. 154-155). After the zâviye was founded a waqf was also created, and the revenues of some villages and farmsteads in the Argoma district were attached to it. The same records mention people who served at the zâviye as doorkeeper, reciter of the daily Qur'an portion and cook. "Ammâd-zâde" and the "İmâdzâde" written by Hüsameddin are most likely two spellings of the same family name.

No information was found in sources other than Hüsameddin's book on the müderris and judge Sadreddîn himself, on his father Müeyyideddîn Mehmed Çelebi's life apart from the Hejaz journey, or on his son Seydî Ahmed Çelebi.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 282–282. amasya.bel.tr
  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, 2022, vol. 1, the record "Torumtay Medresesi" in the section "Mukaddime (15)"; vol. 3, entries "El-Hâc Seyfeddîn Şâdgeldi Paşa (1)" and "Fahreddîn Ahmed Bey"; vol. 7, entry "Bedreddîn Mahmûd Çelebi-İmadzâde el-Hâc", p. 411–412.

Academic studies

Official sources

Volume 7 contents

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