Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL
Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 283 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ
Amasya emîr-i kebîri Halfet Gâzizâde el-Hâc Alâeddîn Ali Bey bin Şücâeddîn Süleyman Bey’in mahdûmudur. Sultân Murâd Hünkâra Amasya vilâyetinin inkıyâdında hizmetleri sebk [63] eylediğinden ümerâ-yı Osmâniyye’den oldu.
Ba’dehû Kosova muhârebesinde isbât-ı vücûd ederek Yıldırım Sultân Bâyezîd Hân’ın teveccühlerini kazandı. Rumeli muhârebâtında yararlıkları görüldüğünden ilk fethinde Selânik vâlisi oldu. 804’de Timur harbinde fırka kumândânı olduğu halde vefât etdi. Mahdûmu Ebûbekir Bey’dir.
He was the son of Halfet Gâzizâde el-Hâc Alâeddîn Ali Bey bin Şücâeddîn Süleyman Bey, one of the great emirs of Amasya. Because his services in bringing the province of Amasya into submission to Sultan Murad Hünkâr came to the fore, he became one of the Ottoman emirs.
Later he proved himself in the battle of Kosovo and won the favour of Yıldırım Sultan Bayezid Han. Since his services in the wars of Rumelia were seen, he became governor of Salonica at its first conquest. In 804 [1401-02], while commanding a division in the war against Timur, he died. His son was Ebûbekir Bey.
The heading of the entry is "İshak Bey - Emîr Alizâde" and its subject is İshak Bey; the first sentence of the text names his father, Halfet Gâzizâde Alâeddîn Ali Bey. In the sixth volume Hüsameddin wrote a separate entry for his son Ebûbekir Bey and listed the descent as follows: Ebûbekir Bey is the son of İshak Bey of the line of Halfet Gâzi; İshak Bey is the son of el-Hâc Emîr Ali Bey, who is the son of Süleyman Bey, who is the son of Ali Bey. Ebûbekir Bey was guardian of the province under the governorship of Ahmed and Alâeddin, sons of Murad II, in Amasya, and fell as a martyr at the Battle of Varna in 847 [1443-44]. Since the Battle of Varna was fought on 10 November 1444, that is in 848 of the Hijra, this year is one year early; in the third volume Hüsameddin places the battle in 848. In the seventh volume İshak Paşa-İshak Beyzâde, a later link of the same family, is also mentioned among the "descendants of İshak Bey, governor of Salonica"; this man became a beylerbeyi in 951, and his son Mehmed Bey was trustee of the Halfet Gâzi waqfs in 965.
"Halfet Gâzi" is the name of Halîfet Gâzi, the old Seljuk governor of Amasya. A Danishmendid emir, Halîfet Gâzi entered Seljuk service, was appointed governor of Amasya in 1222, and fell as a martyr in 1232 while fighting the Georgians and was buried in his tomb in Amasya. From the inscription of the madrasa bearing his name it is understood that it was built in 606 (1209-10). Hüsameddin describes a branch of Halîfet Gâzi's descendants, the "Halifet Gâzi sons", who rose to the emirate of Amasya. In the third volume Halifetzâde Şücâeddîn Süleyman Bey is mentioned as an emir of Amasya contemporary with Hacı Kutlu Şah and Eretnaoğlu Muhammed Bey; a Halifetzâde named Alâeddîn Ali Bey also seized the emirate of Amasya for a time, then withdrew to Ankara and founded a waqf there for his grandfather's madrasa. Whether the Ali Bey bin Süleyman Bey of the entry is the same as these emirs is not clear in the book; although the names of father and sons coincide, this is an inference.
The "submission of the province of Amasya" in the text describes Amasya's passing from a Turkish principality to Ottoman rule. In the middle of the fourteenth century the city was attached to the Eretnids, and it then became an independent emirate in the hands of Hacı Şadgeldi Paşa. When Şadgeldi was killed in his war with Kadı Burhâneddin in 1381, his son Ahmed looked to the Ottomans for support against Kadı Burhâneddin. According to Halil İnalcık, the emir of Amasya, Ahmed, accepted Ottoman rule in the years between 1384 and 1388, and when he was besieged by Kadı Burhâneddin he handed the city over to the Ottomans in 1392. Yıldırım Bayezid came to the region the following year and entered Amasya. Another source puts the annexation of the city to Ottoman lands in 1398 and writes that its administration was left to Bayezid's son Çelebi Mehmed. This difference in dates between the sources suggests that the passage was not a matter of a single day but a process spread over several years.
The text does not say who the "Sultan Murad Hünkâr" is. Since Yıldırım Bayezid is named in the next sentence, Bayezid's father Murad I must be meant here; this is an inference. The same formula appears in the ninth volume of the book: of Koç Hüseyin Bey it is said that "in the time of Hacı Şadgeldi he was among the emirs and, submitting to Sultan Murad Hünkâr, became one of the notables". Hüsameddin thus describes the emirs of Amasya who passed to the Ottomans in this period in the same words.
The Battle of Kosovo was fought on 15 June 1389. Prince Bayezid played an important part in it, and when his father Murad I was gravely wounded and died during the battle, he came to the throne. The battle in which İshak Bey won "the favour of Yıldırım Sultan Bayezid Han" is the beginning of Bayezid's reign. As for Salonica, the city was first taken in 1387, lost in 1389 and recaptured by Bayezid in 1394. Hüsameddin's saying that he "became governor of Salonica at its first conquest" should relate to the first conquest of 1387; since our sources do not name İshak Bey in that year, this pairing is also an interpretation.
The year 804 (1401-02) given as the year of İshak Bey's death coincides with the year of the Battle of Ankara between Yıldırım Bayezid and Timur. The battle took place in July 1402 on the Çubuk plain near Ankara and ended in Bayezid's defeat. In the third volume Hüsameddin tells that the governor of Amasya, Çelebi Sultan Mehmed, took command of the troops he had gathered and set out from Amasya for Ankara in the month of Zilkade 804 [June 1402]; whether the division İshak Bey commanded was part of this Amasya army is not stated in the book.
No source other than Hüsameddin's book was found that mentions İshak Bey apart from his governorship of Salonica and his service in the Battle of Ankara.
Primary sources
Academic studies
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