Hacıköylüdür. Oranın eşrâfından el-Hâc Ömer Fevzi Efendi bin Mustafa Ağa’nın mahdûmudur. Müftî-i kazâ Ankaralı Abdullah Efendizâde Ali Efendi’den mukaddimât-ı ulûmu okuyup 1266’da Amasya‘ya geldi.
Fuzalâdan İbikli el-Hâc Hasan, Şirvânî el-Hâc İsa Efendilerden beş yıl kadar tahsîl-i ulûm ederek 1271’de İstanbul’a gitdi. Burada fuzalâdan Müftüzâde es-Seyyid Ahmed Hâzım Efendi’den ikmâl-i tahsîl ederek 1275’de Mekteb-i nüvvâba girdi.
1277’de mektebden râbi’a derecesinde şehâdetnâme alıp Koçkiri kazâsı nâibi oldu. 1279’da müddet-i örfiyyesini ikmâl edib Hacıköyü’ne avdet etdi. 1280’de üstâdı Müftü Ali Efendi’nin vefâtına binâen Gümüşhacıköyü Müftüsü oldu.
1285’de Hicâz’a gidip yirmi beş yıl bilâ-infisâl tedrîs ve iftâ ile iştigâl ve kazânın terakkîyâtına hasr-ı âmâl [227] ederek 1305 senesi saferinde vefât etdi. Fâzıl, gâyet fakîh, sahî, vecîh, halûk, misâfir-perver, nâfizü’l-kelim, Amasya‘da mer’iyyü’l-hâtır, müdebbir, âlî-himmet, afîf, müteşerrî bir zât idi.
Mahdûmları, halefi olan Hâfız Mustafa Tevfik Efendi ile el-Hâc Abdullah Ağa ve birâderi el-Hâc Mehmed Ağa’dır. Hâfız Tevfik Efendizâde Ali Rıza Efendi Amasya meb’ûsu olmuşdu. Bunun mahdûmu İsmâil Hakkı Efendi’dir. Hacı Abdullah Ağa 1325’de vefât etdi.
In Modern English
He is a native of Hacıköyü. He is the son of Hacı Ömer Fevzi Efendi, one of the notables of the place, who was the son of Mustafa Ağa. He read the introductory studies of the sciences under Ali Efendi, son of Ankaralı Abdullah Efendi, the district mufti, and came to Amasya in 1266 [1849-50].
He studied for about five years with the scholars İbikli Hacı Hasan and Şirvânî Hacı İsa Efendi, and went to Istanbul in 1271 [1854-55]. Completing his studies there under the scholar Müftüzâde Seyyid Ahmed Hâzım Efendi, he entered the Mekteb-i Nüvvâb in 1275 [1858-59].
In 1277 [1860-61] he received a diploma from the school at the fourth grade (râbi'a) and became judge (naib) of the district of Koçkiri. In 1279 [1862-63] he finished his obligatory term of service and returned to Hacıköyü. In 1280 [1863-64], on the death of his teacher, the Mufti Ali Efendi, he became mufti of Gümüşhacıköyü.
He went to the Hejaz in 1285 [1868-69] and, devoting twenty-five years without interruption to teaching and issuing fatwas and giving his efforts to the progress of the district, he died in the month of Safer 1305 [1887]. He was a learned man, an excellent jurist, generous, respected, of good character, hospitable, a man whose word carried weight, held in esteem in Amasya, prudent, high-minded, chaste and bound to the law.
His sons are Hâfız Mustafa Tevfik Efendi, who succeeded him, Hacı Abdullah Ağa, and his brother Hacı Mehmed Ağa. Ali Rıza Efendi, the son of Hâfız Tevfik Efendi, had been a deputy for Amasya. His son is İsmail Hakkı Efendi. Hacı Abdullah Ağa died in 1325 [1907].
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mukaddimât-ı ulûm: introductory lessons in the sciences
- Mekteb-i Nüvvâb: the school opened to train judge-deputies (naibs)
- râbi'a derece: fourth grade
- nâib: district judge, judge of the religious law
- müddet-i örfiyye: the fixed term of a naib's service
- müftî-i kazâ: district mufti
- iftâ: issuing fatwas
- bilâ-infisâl: without interruption
- halef: successor
- meb'ûs: member of the Chamber of Deputies (Meclis-i Mebusan)
- mer'iyyü'l-hâtır: one whose wishes are respected, held in regard
- nâfizü'l-kelim: one whose word carries weight
The Mekteb-i Nüvvâb
İsmail Efendi's course of study coincides with the reorganization of the judicial profession in the middle of the nineteenth century. By the regulation issued on 5 April 1855 the word "naib" began to be used in place of "kadı" for all judges of the religious law, and the naibs were divided into five classes according to their knowledge and ability. On 17 August 1855 it was decided to use a school near the Süleymaniye Mosque as the Muallimhâne-i Nüvvâb; the name of the school was changed to Mekteb-i Nüvvâb in 1883. Hüsameddin's saying that İsmail Efendi "entered the Mekteb-i Nüvvâb" in 1275 [1858-59] refers to the school not by its name of those years but by its later name; this is an inference. The course of study at the school is two years; İsmail Efendi's entering in 1275 and receiving his diploma in 1277 agrees with this. According to the entry, the term of service of naibs in districts far from the center was twenty-four months; İsmail Efendi's service in Koçkiri, from 1277 to 1279, is also two years, so the phrase "müddet-i örfiyye" corresponds to this length of time (an inference). That the diploma was of the "fourth grade" seems related to this arrangement dividing naibs into five classes; since those newly entering the profession by examination were counted in the fifth class, this too is an inference.
No information about the district of Koçkiri, where İsmail Efendi served, or about his return to Hacıköyü was found in other sources.
Hacıköyü Becoming a District Center
İsmail Efendi's name appears again in Hüsameddin's section on Hacıköyü in the first volume. According to what is written there, the growing population and importance of the town developed thanks to the effort of the district mufti Darendelizâde Hacı İsmail Hakkı Efendi, and through the work carried out together with all the notables of the district, in 1299 [1881-82] Hacıköyü, which until then had been the sub-district center, became the district center, and the Gümüş town, which had been the district center, became the sub-district center. Another source also reports that the district center was moved to Hacıköy in 1882-1883 and that the settlement took the name Gümüşhacıköy after 1883; there is a difference of one year between the two accounts. According to Hüsameddin, in 1316 [1898-99] the district governor Yanyalı Mustafa Paşazâde Ali Rıza Bey had a government house, a rüşdiye school, a telegraph office and a clock tower built; the mufti Hâfız Mustafa Tevfik Efendi gave great effort to these donation drives. The deputy Ali Rıza Efendi of the text should not be confused with this district governor Ali Rıza Bey; the two are different persons.
It is also written in the same section that Hâfız Mustafa Tevfik Efendi became mufti in place of his father Darendelizâde İsmail Hakkı Efendi; this agrees with the word "successor" in the text. The date 1305 that Hüsameddin gives is the year in which İsmail Efendi died; from his muftiship in 1280 to this year is 25 years, and the "twenty-five years" in the text must be this period. His journey to the Hejaz in 1285 falls in the middle of this period; this is an inference.
That Ali Rıza Efendi was a deputy for Amasya could not be verified in other sources; in which term of the assembly he sat is not written in the text either.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 332–332. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vol. 1, section on Hacıköyü (p. 352–355).
Academic studies