Şirvânlıdır. Türkmenlerden Sâtık bin Ya’kub bin İbrâhim mahdûmudur. Pederi “Sıddîk” diye yâd olunurdu. Bağdad’a gidip ulemâdan ve hâssaten eş-Şeyh Şehabeddîn Ömer es-Sühreverdîden ulûm-i şer’iyye ve maârif-i sufîyye ahz ve tahsîl ederek 626 senesi şevvâlinde icâzetnâme aldı.
Kütübhâneleri teftîş esnâsında elime geçen, “Avârifü’l-Maârif” kitâbının zahrında şu ibâre görüldü:
سمع شيخنا شيخ شيوخ اإلسالم عمر بن محمد بن عبد هللا بن عموية السهروردى مد هللا عمره ونفع به طالبى
سبيل الرشاد هذا الكتاب المسمى بعوارف المعارف الشيخ الزاهد الفقيه العالم تقى الدين جمال األئمة اسن بن
صديق بن يعقوب بن ابراهيم الشروانى مع اخرين
¹⁴⁷ بقرائته فضلبن الحسن بن الحسين الشافعى الفقير الهمدانى كاتب السماع فى شوال سنة ست وعشرين و
ستمائة
[ 231]Ba’dehû Şirvân’a avdet ve tedrîs ve irşâda mübâşeret ederek binlerce talebe ve mürîdân kendisine intisâb etdiğinden cemiyyeti şâyân-ı dikkat bir hâle geldi. Bunu hoş görmeyen Samûk Noyin Rûm eyâleti nâzırı oldukda 648’de kendisine bir hürmet-i mahsûsa şeklinde yanına alıp Anadolu’ya geldi.
Bir müddet Amasya‘da Samûk Noyin’le beraber ikâmet etdi. Sonra Samûk Noyin Köprü’de çiftliğinde ikâmet etdiği müddetçe beraber yanında bulunup 664 hudûdunda Köprü’de vefât etdi. Meşâhir-i ulemâ ve meşâyihden idi. Mahdûmu Şemseddîn Mehmed vefâtından sonra Şirvân’a gidip ahfâdından eş-Şeyh Alâeddîn Ali bin İbrâhim bin Mehmed eş-Şirvânî Amasya emîri Şadgeldi Paşa devrinde Amasya’ya gelip Köprü’de ikâmet etdi. Tâcî Beyzâdeler bunun ahfâdıdır.
In Modern English
He is a native of Şirvan. He is the son of Sâtık, son of Ya'kub, son of İbrâhim, of the Turkmen. His father was known as "Sıddîk". He went to Baghdad and, receiving and acquiring the religious sciences and the knowledge of Sufism from the scholars, and especially from Sheikh Şehâbeddin Ömer es-Sühreverdî, he obtained a licence (icâzetname) in Şevval 626 [1229].
On the cover (zahr) of a copy of the book "Avârifü'l-Maârif" that came into my hands while I was inspecting libraries, the following note was seen; its meaning is as follows:
In the presence of our sheikh, the sheikh of the şeyhülislams, Ömer b. Muhammed b. Abdullah b. Ammûye es-Sühreverdî (may God prolong his life and let the seekers of the right path benefit from him), this book, called Avârifü'l-Maârif, was heard together with others by the ascetic, jurist and scholar Sheikh Takıyyüddin Cemâlüleimme Esen b. Sıddîk b. Yakub b. İbrâhim eş-Şirvânî, by his own reading.
The one who wrote the record of the hearing: Fadl b. Hasan b. Hüseyin eş-Şâfiî, the poor one, of Hamadan. Şevval 626.
Afterwards he returned to Şirvan and began to teach and to guide; thousands of students and disciples attached themselves to him, so that his community became a notable one. Samûk Noyin, who did not look kindly on this, on becoming governor of the Rum province in 648 [1250-51] took him to his side as a show of special respect and came to Anatolia.
For a time he lived at Amasya with Samûk Noyin. Then, as long as Samûk Noyin stayed at his farm at Köprü, he remained with him, and he died at Köprü around 664 [1265-66]. He was one of the well-known scholars and sheikhs. His son Şemseddin Mehmed went to Şirvan after his death. One of his descendants, Sheikh Alâeddin Ali son of İbrâhim son of Mehmed eş-Şirvânî, came to Amasya in the time of the emir of Amasya Şadgeldi Pasha and settled at Köprü. The Tâcî Beyzâdes are his descendants.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- ahz ve tahsîl: receiving and learning
- ulûm-i şer'iyye ve maârif-i sûfiyye: the religious sciences and the knowledge of Sufism
- icâzetnâme: a document by which a teacher authorizes a student to teach and to transmit
- zahr: the back or outer side of a leaf or book; here, the place of the note on the book
- tedrîs ve irşâd: teaching and guiding
- mürîd: a student attached to a sheikh, a disciple of an order
- intisâb: attachment
- noyin (noyan): among the Mongols, a title for a commander or lord
- nâzır: governor, overseer
- ahfâd: grandchildren, descendants
- semâ: hearing a work from a teacher; the written record of such a hearing
Sühreverdî and the Avârifü'l-Maârif
Şehâbeddin Ömer es-Sühreverdî was a scholar and Sufi who was born in 539 (1145) at Sühreverd near Zanjan, died in 632 (1234), and in Baghdad in the time of the caliph al-Nâsır li-Dînillâh took the lead in organizing the futuwwa associations. The Avârifü'l-Maârif, one of the first works written in the age of the orders, consists of sixty-three chapters and, according to what its author says in the preface, was written to set out and defend the principles of Sufism that conform to the sharia. The work was later translated into Persian several times and was rendered into Turkish in 1458 by Bigalı Hacı Ahmed. Since 626, the year in which Esen Şeyh heard the book, falls six years before Sühreverdî's death, the record belongs to the time when his teacher was alive, and in this respect there is no contradiction.
The Licence and the Record of Hearing
Hüsameddin writes that Esen Şeyh received a licence in 626, but the document he shows is not a licence but a record of hearing (semâ): it states that the book was read and heard in Sühreverdî's presence. Hüsameddin says he saw the record in a copy of the Avârif while inspecting libraries; in which library the copy is kept is not written, and the record could not be verified in another source. In addition, while the father's name appears in the text as "Sâtık", the name in the record is "Sıddîk"; these must be two spellings of the same person (an inference).
Samûk Noyin and Köprü
After the defeat at Kösedağ in 1243 Amasya was subject first to the Great Mongol Khanate and from 1256 to the Ilkhanid state; the residence in Amasya of a Mongol noyan who governed the Rum province fits this setting. Hüsameddin mentions Samûk Noyan's name in another place as well: he records the name of Torumtay's wife as "Güray Hatun, daughter of Samuk Noyan" (Osman Turan, by contrast, gives the wife's name as Gürcü Hatun and counts her as a daughter of Gıyâseddin Keyhusrev II). Samûk Noyin's identity and his office in the Rum province could not be verified in other sources.
The "Köprü" of the text is present-day Vezirköprü. The area that includes the town of Kedağra and the village of Köprü took the name Vezirköprü during the vizierate of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. That Esen Şeyh died here around 664 and where his grave lies could not be verified in other sources.
The Şirvânî Family and the Tâcî Beyzâdes
The line that Hüsameddin calls "Tâcî Beyzâdes" can also be traced in fifteenth-century records. Tâcî Bey, who was appointed secretary of the divan to Prince Ahmed in 896 (1491), is named as one of the descendants of Alâeddin Şirvânî, a well-known figure of Amasya. Tâcî Bey had a mosque, a soup kitchen and a bath built in the village of Köprü, and on a high point on the bank of the İstavlaz stream he also had a palace built in the prince's name. Prince Ahmed's regular visits to this palace in the spring months increased the village's fame, and it soon became a town. This record agrees with the chain of descent Hüsameddin gives: Alâeddin Ali's settling at Köprü in the time of Şadgeldi Pasha (Şadgeldi was emir of Amasya from 1359 to 1381) and the appearance of Tâcî Bey, of his line, in the same place about a century later do not conflict when the word "ahfâd" is taken in its broad sense. That Tâcî Bey descends from Esen Şeyh is, however, information given only by Hüsameddin.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 333–334. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Hasan Kâmil Yılmaz, "Sühreverdî, Şehâbeddin", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/suhreverdi-sehabeddin
- Firdevs Özen, "Amasya'nın İlhanlı Hâkimiyetinde Siyasî, İktisadî ve Kültürel Durumu", Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları 13, Amasya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024, p. 79 ff.
- İnan Demirtaş, "Şehzade Ahmed'in Amasya Sancak Beyliği", Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları 13, Amasya Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024, p. 133 ff.
- Mehterhan Furkani, "Siyasî ve İlmî Bir Kişilik: Amasya Emiri Hacı Şadgeldi Paşa ve ed-Dürerü'l-Mensûretü fi'l-Furû' Adlı Eserin Kendisine Nispeti", Uluslararası Amasya Âlimleri Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı I, Amasya 2017, https://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/G00226/2017/2017_FURKANIM.pdf