AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Mehmed Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 636–637 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Kaleciklidir. Şehsüvârzâde vezîr Gâzî Paşa'nın evlâdındandır. 1134 senesi şevvâlinin yedinci günü Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Îrân harbine me'mûr olduğundan a'yânın şikâyetlerini [32] tahkîk ve aralarını ıslâh için Maktûlzâde kethüdâsı Merzifonlu Hacı Hüseyin Ağa Amasya mütesellimi olup Merzifon'dan sür'atle geldi.

Zilka'de gurresinde müftü Âkif Mustafâ Efendi ve alaybeyi Mustafâ Bey azl edilip kibâr-ı ulemâdan Ayâs Ağa müderrisi Hocazâde Mehmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Kara Hüseyin Ağa alaybeyi olup kadı Bahâ'eddîn Mehmed Efendi İstanbul'a hareketle İspirîzâde Abdulbâkî Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu. Hüseyin Ağa, a'yânın zimmetlerini tahsîl ve mütesellim Hacı Hüseyin Ağa da ihtilâflarını hallederek aralarını buldu. Amasya'ya büyük hizmet etdi.

Çünkü Amasya a'yânının kapıları halkı muntazam, kuvvet ve servetleri mükemmeldi. Aralarındaki münâferet bu kuvvet ve servetlerini birbiri aleyhinde kullanacak pek muhâtaralı bir şekle girmişdi. Bu teftîş esnâsında Ömer Paşazâde Osmân Bey, a'yâna gücenip dâ'iresini dağıtarak Mısır'a gitdi. Amasya'daki konağı, ceddi evkâfının tevliyetini, çiftlikleriyle emlâkinin idâresini amcazâdesi Mehmed Bey'e bırakdı.

Bu esnâda enderûnda kiler çavuşbaşısı Amasyalı Hacı Kâsımzâde Hasan Ağa Amasya'ya [33] gönderilip Hüseyin ve Fîrûz Ağalar'ın vakıflarına mütevellî oldu. Sâbık mütevellî Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in muhâsebe ve teftîş emrini getirdi. Bunun da teftîşine başlandı.

1135 senesi muharrem gurresinde Gürcüzâde Hacı İsmâ'il Bey baş a'yân seçildi. Emîr Hacı Abdullatîf Çelebi nakîb kâ'im-makâmı, Fazlıoğlu Sa'îd Ahmed Ağa şehir kethüdâsı, Merzifon a'yânı Tuz Mehmed Ağa, Lâdik a'yânı Hocaoğlu Sun'ullâh Ağa, Köprü a'yânı Çeltekli Hacı Mehmed Ağa idi.

Safer evâ'ilinde Konya vâlîsi ve Amasya mutasarrıfı Mehmed Paşa Îrân harbinde vefât eylediğinden Amasya sancağı sâbık baş a'yân mîrlivâ İbrâhîm Bey'e mîr-i mîrânlıkla tevcîh ve Îrân harbine me'mûr olduğu teblîğ edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a man of Kalecik. He descended from the vizier Gazi Pasha, of the Şehsuvarzâde line. On the seventh day of Shawwal 1134 [July 1722] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya; since he was charged with the Iranian war, Merzifonlu Hacı Hüseyin Ağa, steward of Maktulzâde, was made mütesellim of Amasya to investigate the complaints of the ayan and to mend relations among them, and came quickly from Merzifon.

On the first day of Dhu al-Qa'dah [August 1722] the mufti Âkif Mustafa Efendi and the alaybeyi Mustafa Bey were dismissed; Hocazâde Mehmed Efendi, one of the great scholars and müderris of the Ayas Ağa Madrasa, became mufti of Amasya, and Kara Hüseyin Ağa became alaybeyi; when the kadı Bahâeddin Mehmed Efendi set out for Istanbul, İspirîzâde Abdülbâki Efendi became naib of Amasya. Hüseyin Ağa collected the debts of the ayan, and the mütesellim Hacı Hüseyin Ağa resolved their disputes and reconciled them. He rendered great service to Amasya.

For the retinues of the ayan of Amasya were in good order, and their strength and wealth were complete. The enmity among them had reached a very dangerous state, in which they would use this strength and wealth against one another. During this inspection Ömer Paşazâde Osman Bey took offense at the ayan, dispersed his retinue and went to Egypt. He left his mansion in Amasya, the trusteeship of his ancestors' waqfs, and the management of his farms and properties to his cousin Mehmed Bey, the son of his paternal uncle.

At this time Hacı Kâsımzâde Hasan Ağa of Amasya, who was kiler çavuşbaşı (chief of the pantry çavuşes) in the Enderun, was sent to Amasya and became trustee of the Hüseyin Ağa and Fîrûz Ağa waqfs. He brought the order that the accounts of the former trustee Rahtuvan Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Bey be examined and inspected; his inspection too was begun.

On the first day of Muharram 1135 [October 1722] Gürcüzâde Hacı İsmail Bey was chosen chief ayan. Emîr Hacı Abdüllatif Çelebi was deputy nakîb, Fazlıoğlu Said Ahmed Ağa was city steward; Tuz Mehmed Ağa was ayan of Merzifon, Hocaoğlu Sun'ullah Ağa ayan of Lâdik, and Çeltekli Hacı Mehmed Ağa ayan of Köprü.

At the beginning of Safar [November 1722], since Mehmed Pasha, governor of Konya and mutasarrıf of Amasya, died in the Iranian war, the sanjak of Amasya was given, with the rank of beylerbeyi, to the former chief ayan, the sanjak governor İbrahim Bey, and he was informed that he was charged with the Iranian war.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • evlâd: descent, descendants
  • ıslâh: mending, reconciling
  • sür'atle: quickly
  • zimmet: money remaining owed by someone as a debt
  • kapıları halkı: the retinue, armed men of a notable
  • münâferet: mutual aversion, enmity
  • muhâtaralı: dangerous
  • dâ'ire: the mansion and retinue of a great man
  • amcazâde: son of a paternal uncle
  • kiler çavuşbaşısı: chief of the çavuşes serving in the palace pantry
  • mîrlivâ: sanjak governor
  • teblîğ: notification

Şehsuvarzâde Mehmed Pasha

Hüsameddin's short entry is confirmed almost entirely by a biography in the Konya city encyclopedia. According to this biography, based on the Sicill-i Osmanî, Şehsuvarzâde Mehmed Pasha, originally of Kalecik, became guardian of Kars with his beylerbeyilik in 1096 (1685), and then, over a long provincial career, served in many places such as Gönye, Maraş, Çıldır, Mosul, Sivas, Adana, Şehrizor, Misistre, İçel, Konya and Jerusalem. In 1128 (1716) he became beylerbeyi of Anatolia and Konya, in 1129 (1717) governor of Tripoli of Syria with viziership, in 1130 (1718) governor of Adana; in 1133 (1720-21) he was brought to Çıldır, later to Amasya, and again to the governorship of Konya. He died in Safar 1135 [November 1722]. Hüsameddin's saying at the end of the previous entry that the sanjak of Amasya and the governorship of Konya were given to "the vizier Mehmed Pasha, governor of Çıldır," and his placing the pasha's death in Safar 1135, coincide with this record to the day.

The biography describes Mehmed Pasha as a dignified, zealous person strong in state administration; it records that his three sons, named Mustafa, Abdullah and Halil, also reached the rank of pasha. Of his sons, Mustafa Pasha was born in Kalecik, rose from mirahur to kaptan-ı deryalık with viziership in 1746, then served as governor in places such as Chania, Mosul, Konya, Eğriboz, Adana and Belgrade, and died in 1176 (1762-63). No information was found in other sources on the "vizier Gazi Pasha of the Şehsuvarzâde line" that Hüsameddin mentions, or on earlier generations of the family.

One detail about the place of Mehmed Pasha's death needs attention. Hüsameddin writes that he died "in the Iranian war"; the biography in Konya gives only the date of death. Since it is known that after the decision of the Iranian campaign taken in May 1722 the campaigns actually began in 1723 on the Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Iraq fronts, Mehmed Pasha's death in November 1722 must have taken place during campaign preparations, on the way to the front or in the camp; this is an inference, and no details are found in the sources.

A Mütesellim's Task of Reconciliation

The real subject of the entry is how the dispute among the ayan, which had accumulated and grown in the earlier entries, was calmed. Hüsameddin says that the retinues of the ayan of Amasya were "in good order, their strength and wealth excellent," and that the enmity among them had reached a dangerous point at which they would use this strength against one another. This observation agrees with the general picture of the period. From the seventeenth century on, the ayan had brought the revenue sources of their regions under control through iltizam and mâlikâne, had raised the number of sekbans and levends in their retinues in proportion to their wealth, and had also gained armed power as farmers and levends who abandoned their land took refuge with them. The defeats and financial crises the state suffered from 1683 to 1718 had increased still further the importance of the ayan, who collected taxes and lent to the treasury. For this reason the confrontation of the retinues of several great families in Amasya carried the danger of a civil war.

In this setting, the appointment to the sanjak of a mütesellim from outside the parties, from Merzifon, appears to be a deliberate choice. Hüsameddin stresses that the mütesellim Hacı Hüseyin Ağa and the alaybeyi Kara Hüseyin Ağa collected the debts of the ayan and reconciled them, and "rendered great service to Amasya." That Kara Hüseyin Ağa was Hüsameddin's own ancestor was noted in earlier entries of the supplement; in reading this praise, the author's family tie should be kept in view.

For whom the mütesellim worked is also noteworthy. Hüsameddin introduces him as "steward of Maktulzâde." In this period it is known that around Nevşehirli İbrahim Pasha there was a statesman named Maktulzâde Ali Pasha, maternal uncle of the pasha's son-in-law Mustafa Pasha and governor of Raqqa. It is likely that Hacı Hüseyin Ağa's master was this Maktulzâde Ali Pasha; but since no direct record was found in the sources, this is a guess.

Osman Bey's Departure for Egypt

Ömer Paşazâde Osman Bey, whom Hüsameddin had mentioned with great admiration in earlier entries, taking offense at the ayan during the inspection, dispersing his retinue and going to Egypt, means one of the losers of the quarrel leaving the city. His leaving his mansion, his ancestors' waqfs and his farms to his cousin shows how much importance such families gave to keeping wealth and waqf administration within the family. The passing of the chief ayanship this time to Gürcüzâde Hacı İsmail Bey, who won the Torumtay case, also shows that the balance in the quarrel had changed.

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