AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

İbrâhim Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 637 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Hoca Paşazâde Ömer Bey bin Dede Alî Bey bin Hoca Ahmed Paşa'nın oğludur. 1135 senesi saferinin beşinci günü Amasya mutasarrıfı oldu. Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa'yı mütesellim ta'yîn ederek Îrân harbine gitdi. Sâbık mütesellim Hacı Hüseyin Ağa da bütün Sivâs vilâyeti tımâr ve ze'âmet bedelâtını tahsîle me'mûr oldu. [34]

Rebî'ulevvelde bütün Sivâs vilâyeti askerleri harbe gitdiğinden eşkıyâdan Atmacaoğulları fırsat bulup Amasya-Tokad yolunu kesdikleri anlaşılmakla Baframan Alî, Amasya a'yânı Gürcizâde Hacı İsmâ'il ve birâderi İbrâhîm, Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Beyler'le Şâhinoğlu Osmân ve Hacı Abdullatîf Ağalar bu eşkıyâyı tenkîle me'mûr oldular.

Bunlardan her birinin yanlarında yüzer nefer yaya, ellişer nefer de atlı kuvvetleriyle eykıyâyı on beş gün ta'kîb ederek Turhal ve Varay, Kazâbâd dağlarında Atmacaoğulları'nı ve bunlara karışan şakîleri tutup i'dâm ederek Amasya sancağını temizlediklerine mükâfâten her biri rütbelerle taltîf edildiler.

Bu esnâda Yeğenzâde Osmân ve İbrâhim Beyler de İstanbul'dan afv-ı âlî fermânını alarak gelip pederlerinin emvâl ve emlâk-i azîmesini paylaşdılar. Sonra me'mûr oldukları Îrân harbine adamlarıyla berâber gitdiler.

Zilka'de sonlarında Hazret-i Pîr İlyâs türbedâr ve mütevellî ve tekkesi şeyhi Hâfız Hüseyin Efendi bin Yûsuf Efendi vefât edip mahdûmu Abdurrahîm Efendi yerine geçdi.

1136 senesi muharrem gurresinde baş a'yân Gürcüzâde Hacı İsmâ'il Bey yerinde kalıp Dânişoğlu Hacı Osmân Efendi hacıbaşı oldu. [35] Safer evâ'ilinde sipâhî kethüdâsı Taşçıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa, baş a'yân Hacı İsmâ'il Bey ve ba'zı a'yân yanlarına aldıkları neferâtıyla berâber harbe gidip Sivâs vilâyeti muhassılı Maktûlzâde kethüdâsı Hacı Hüseyin Ağa da Rûmeli beylerbeyiliği pâyesiyle Musul vâlîsi oldu.

Rebî'ulevvel ibtidâlarında kibâr-ı ulemâdan Hıfzızâde Hacı Hâfız Alî Efendi vefât edip yerine fuzalâdan Kürd Hâfız Alî Efendi Yörgüç Paşa müderrisi ve sonra Amasya mutasarrıfı Îrân harbinde gösterdiği muvaffakiyetlere binâ'en Rûmeli pâyesiyle Şehrizor vâlîsi olup Amasya sancağı sâbık Musul beylerbeyi Mehmed Paşa'ya verildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a man of Amasya. He was the son of Hoca Paşazâde Ömer Bey; Ömer Bey was the son of Dede Ali Bey, and Dede Ali Bey the son of Hoca Ahmed Pasha. On the fifth day of Safar 1135 [1722-23] he became mutasarrıf (administrator of the sanjak) of Amasya. Appointing Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa as mütesellim (deputy in his place), he went to the Iranian war. The former mütesellim Hacı Hüseyin Ağa was charged with collecting the timar and zeamet payments of the whole province of Sivas.

In Rabi' al-awwal all the soldiers of the province of Sivas had gone to the war. When it was understood that the bandits known as the Atmacaoğulları had taken advantage of this opportunity and cut the Amasya-Tokat road, Baframan Ali, Gürcizâde Hacı İsmail of the notables of Amasya and his brother İbrahim, the Beys Rahtuvan Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim, and the Ağas Şâhinoğlu Osman and Hacı Abdüllatif were charged with eliminating these bandits.

Each of them, with a force of a hundred infantry and fifty cavalry with him, chased the bandits for fifteen days. In the mountains of Turhal, Varay and Kazâbâd they caught and executed the Atmacaoğulları and the brigands who had joined them, and cleansed the sanjak of Amasya. In return for these services each was rewarded with ranks.

At this time the Beys Yeğenzâde Osman and İbrahim also came, having received the sultan's decree of pardon from Istanbul, and divided the great wealth and property of their father among themselves. Then they went with their men to the Iranian war, to which they were assigned.

At the end of Dhu al-Qa'dah, Hâfız Hüseyin Efendi son of Yusuf Efendi, keeper of the tomb of Hazret-i Pîr İlyas, trustee of his waqf and sheikh of his tekke, died; his son Abdurrahim Efendi took his place.

On the first day of Muharram 1136 [1723-24] the chief ayan Gürcüzâde Hacı İsmail Bey was left in his post, and Dânişoğlu Hacı Osman Efendi became hacıbaşı. At the beginning of Safar the sipahi kethüdası Taşçıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa, the chief ayan Hacı İsmail Bey and some of the ayan went to the war with the soldiers they had taken with them. Hacı Hüseyin Ağa, steward of Maktûlzâde, who was the muhassıl (tax collector) of the province of Sivas, became governor of Mosul with the rank of beylerbeyi of Rumelia.

At the beginning of Rabi' al-awwal Hıfzızâde Hacı Hâfız Ali Efendi, one of the great scholars, died; Kürd Hâfız Ali Efendi, one of the virtuous scholars, became müderris of the Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa in his place. Then İbrahim Pasha, mutasarrıf of Amasya, on account of the successes he showed in the Iranian war, became governor of Şehrizor with the Rumelian rank, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to the former beylerbeyi of Mosul, Mehmed Pasha.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mutasarrıf: the person to whom the administration of a sanjak is given, sanjak administrator
  • mütesellim: the deputy who carries on affairs and collects taxes in the place of the sanjak administrator when he goes on campaign or is not at his post
  • tımar ve zeamet bedelâtı: the money paid by holders of livelihood grants in return for not taking part in the campaign in person
  • tenkîl: eliminating by punishment
  • şakî: brigand, bandit
  • taltîf: rewarding, winning over
  • afv-ı âlî fermânı: the sultan's decree of pardon
  • emvâl ve emlâk-i azîme: great wealth and property
  • türbedâr: the official who looks after a tomb
  • mütevellî: the person who manages a waqf
  • mahdûm: son
  • gurre: first day of the month
  • evâil, ibtidâ: the early days of a month
  • baş a'yân: the representative chosen from among the notables of a city, who conducts affairs between the people and the state
  • muhassıl: the person charged with collecting the state revenues of a region
  • pâye: a rank, title given without an actual post
  • kibâr-ı ulemâ, fuzalâ: great scholars, virtuous learned men
  • binâ'en: because of, on account of

The Hoca Paşazâdes

Hüsâmeddin links İbrahim Pasha's lineage to Hoca Ahmed Pasha. In the fourth volume of the book Hoca Ahmed Pasha is mentioned under the name "İğnecizâde Hoca Ahmed Pasha" and with the epithet "Pehleli"; he became mutasarrıf of Amasya on the eighteenth day of Shaban 1068 (1658) and, since he was sent to war, left his freed slave Rus Rıdvan Ağa as mütesellim. Thus İbrahim Pasha becomes mutasarrıf of Amasya as the grandson's son of a pasha who had governed the same sanjak about sixty-five years before him. This is an example showing how decisive local families were in the administration of Amasya at the beginning of the eighteenth century. The Hoca Paşazâde family appears several more times in the supplement to the fourth volume: Hoca Paşazâde el-Hâc Ömer Ağa, a member of "an old dynasty," who became chief ayan in 1143, and Hoca Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Pasha of Amasya, who became beylerbeyi of Sivas in 1141, are of the same family. It is highly probable that this last person is the same as the İbrahim Pasha of this entry. No information on İbrahim Pasha's mutasarrıflık of Amasya or governorship of Şehrizor was found in other sources.

The Iranian War and the Burden on the Province of Sivas

In the background of the events in the entry lies the Ottoman-Iranian war of 1723-1727. The Safavid state had collapsed in 1722 when the Afghan Hotakis took Isfahan, and Russia had set about occupying the Caspian shores. The Ottoman state thereupon turned east; Tbilisi was taken in 1723, Yerevan and Hamadan in 1724, Tabriz in 1725. The Treaty of Hamadan made with the Hotakis in 1727 recognized these gains. The successive appointment of the mutasarrıfs of Amasya as "charged with the Iranian war" and their leaving the sanjak to mütesellims is a direct consequence of these war years.

Ali Açıkel's study, based on archival documents, sets out in detail what burden Amasya bore in these wars. At that time the province of Sivas consisted of seven sanjaks: Merkez, Amasya, Arapkir, Bozok, Canik, Çorum and Divriği. The province's alaybeys, zaims and timar-holding sipahis were sent from 1723 onward to the fronts of Kars, Tbilisi and Yerevan; janissary serdengeçti companies were enrolled from the districts of Tokat, Amasya, Malatya, Tosya, Sivas and Harput. In addition, a cash tax called imdad-ı seferiyye, provisions for the army, and pack animals such as camels, horses and mules were demanded. Hüsâmeddin's saying that the bandits found an opportunity "because all the soldiers of the province of Sivas had gone to war" agrees with this picture: in a sanjak from which the timar-holding sipahi and the retinues had been drawn to the front, the security of the roads was left to the local notables' own men.

No information on the Atmacaoğulları who cut the Amasya-Tokat road was found in other sources. According to Hüsâmeddin's account the pursuit lasted fifteen days in the mountains of Turhal, Varay and Kazâbâd.

Mütesellim and Ayan

The two offices that appear in almost every line of the entry are important for understanding Amasya's internal order in this period. According to the definition in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, the mütesellim is the deputy who looks after, and collects taxes in the place of, the beylerbeyi or sanjak governor when he goes on campaign or does not go to his post; in the eighteenth century, because of the long wars and the granting of sanjaks to viziers as arpalık, the number and power of mütesellims increased, and this office mostly passed into the hands of local dynasties. The chief ayan, by contrast, is the person chosen from among the notables of a city, regarded as the representative of the people before the state and of the state before the people. Hüsâmeddin's recording at the start of each Muharram "the chief ayan remained in place" or "so-and-so became chief ayan" shows that this selection was renewed every year. In the Amasya of these years families such as the Gürcüzâdes, Yeğenzâdes, Rahtuvan Paşazâdes and Şâhinoğulları competed for the mütesellimlik, the ayanship and the waqf trusteeships alike; in the later entries this competition will turn into open conflict.

The Tomb and Tekke of Pîr İlyas

Hâfız Hüseyin Efendi, written to have died at the end of Dhu al-Qa'dah, stood at the head of one of Amasya's most deeply rooted Sufi hearths. The Halvetiyye order entered Anatolia through Pîr İlyas of Amasya (d. 833/1429) and spread first in Amasya. The tomb built in the name of Pîr Şücâeddin İlyas, together with the original construction inscription at its entrance and the repair inscription from the time of Abdulhamid II, is today within Pirler Park and is also known as the "Upper Pirler Tomb." It was built in 1486 by Gümüşlüzâde Ahmed Bey and renewed in 1688 by Gümüşlüzâde İbrahim Pasha. In the tomb, beside Pîr İlyas, are the graves of his son-in-law Pîr Celâleddin Abdurrahman, his grandson Pîr Hayreddin Hızır Çelebi and their families. The building, which collapsed in the 1895 earthquake, was later rebuilt and took its present form. Kadir Özköse records that the imaret beside the Pîr İlyas Tomb is also mentioned among the social services offered by the Halvetî tekkes. Hüsâmeddin's showing the tomb-keeping, the trusteeship and the sheikhship in the same person and writing that it passed from father to son shows that this hearth was kept going within the family in the eighteenth century too.

The Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa and Şehrizor

The Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa, of which Kürd Hâfız Ali Efendi became müderris, was part of the waqf works, consisting of a mosque, madrasa, imaret and baths, founded in Amasya by Yörgüç Pasha, the lala of Murad II. The mosque, built in 834 (1430) according to its inscription, stands today; the madrasa has not survived, and the closed section at the entrance of the mosque is thought to have been the madrasa's classroom.

The province of Şehrizor, to which İbrahim Pasha was sent, lies in present-day northern Iraq. From the second half of the seventeenth century Kirkuk became the administrative center of the province, though the province continued to be called Şehrizor in official correspondence. Since the troops of the governor of Şehrizor were among the forces taking part in the Hamadan campaign of 1723-1724, the appointment of a pasha who had shown success on the Iranian front to this border province is consistent with the course of the war.

Bibliography

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Remainder of Volume 4 contents

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