Amasya târîhinin ikinci devresiyle üçüncü devresi arasında hâsıl olan bir tezebzüb-i idâre demekdir. Amasya sancağında altı yıl devâm eden bu tezebzüb zamânında Amasya'nın idâresine ba'zen Osmanlı devleti ba'zen de erbâb-ı ihtilâl hâkim olmuşlardır.
Şâyân-ı dikkatdir ki zamân-ı fetretde erbâb-ı ihtilâlden ba'zılarının i'lân-ı istiklâl ederek nâmlarına sikke darb etdirdikleri ele geçen fermânlarda, [356] ahkâm defterlerinde mezkûr olduğu hâlde erbâb-ı ihtilâlin kendi nâmlarına hutbe okutdukları meskûtdur. Fetret zamânında Amasya'yı idâre eden beyler şunlardır:
In Modern English
This means an administrative disorder that arose between the second and third periods of Amasya's history. During this disorder, which lasted six years in the sanjak of Amasya, the administration of Amasya was dominated at times by the Ottoman state and at times by the rebels.
It is noteworthy that during the interregnum, although it is mentioned in captured decrees and in the registers of rulings that some of the rebels declared independence and had coins struck in their own names, it is not mentioned that the rebels had the khutba read in their own names. The beys who governed Amasya during the interregnum are the following:
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- fetret: an intermediate period in which administration weakens and order breaks down between two periods
- erbâb-ı ihtilâl: rebels, the leaders of an uprising
- sikke darb etmek: to have coins struck
- hutbe okutmak: to mention a ruler's name in the Friday and festival sermon, that is, to recognize him as sovereign
- ahkâm defterleri: registers in which rulings sent from the capital to the provinces were recorded
- meskût: not mentioned, unsaid
Which Period Is Meant
The interval Hüsameddin calls "six years," as far as can be understood from the continuation of this section of the book, begins in the Hijri year 1011 [1602-03] and ends in 1017 [1608-09], when Kuyucu Murad Pasha entered Amasya. The general name of the period in Anatolia is the Celâlî revolts. Researchers call the years 1603-1606 the "great flight," because they were years when villagers left their homes and withdrew to towns and coasts. It is known that Amasya was among the cities most affected by these events and that the rebel groups of the region moved in the Yeşilırmak basin.
Local accounts concerning Amasya write that in 1603 the men of Karayazıcı Abdülhalîm burned the city, and that the city's notables were forced to take refuge with their wealth in the royal tombs (the rock-cut tombs). The beys whom Hüsameddin will list one by one below are persons who were appointed to Amasya in turn, or appointed themselves, in the midst of this turmoil.
Coinage and the Khutba
In Islamic states having the khutba read in one's name and having coins struck were regarded as the two basic marks of sovereignty. The point Hüsameddin draws attention to here is that it can be understood from decrees and registers that the rebels had coins struck, whereas their having the khutba read does not appear in these documents. Later in the book he writes that Deli Tâhir Bey took the title "Sultan Tâhir Khan" and had the khutba read in his name; that is, the author later enriches his general observation with an exception.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, p. 524–524. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Mustafa Akdağ, "Celâlî İsyanlarında Büyük Kaçgunluk 1603-1606: I", Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, II/2-3, 1964. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/782881
- Zeynep Kemaloğlu, "Amasya Müzesi'ndeki Osmanlı Dönemi Sikkelerinden Örnekler", Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi, 22, 2024, p. 328-374.
Official sources