Esbak Amasya vâlisi Nûreddîn Toğrak Bey’in evlâdından Tuğrul Bey bin İnâc Bey’in mahdûmudur. Halk arasında İnacoğlu demekle meşhûrdur. İnâc Bey, Toğrak Bey’in dâmâdı olduğu anlaşılır.
Amasya ümerâsından Alakuşoğlu Şemseddîn Ahmed Bey’in zamanında Toğrak Bey’in evlâdı Mısır, Konya, Tebriz taraflarına gitdikleri esnâda pederi Tuğrul Bey de Karaman Bey’in evlâdına ilticâ etmiş, ümerâ-yı Karamânîyyeden olmuşdu. İzzeddîn Keykâvus-ı Selçûkînin dâmâdı olduğundan ümerâ kendisinden çekinirdi. [422]
Bâbûk Şâh, kerîmezâde-i Sultân Keykâvus idi. Konya’da devlet-i Karamâniyyenin te’sîsine fedâkârâne hizmetler etmiş, Timurtaş Bey’in nüfûzunu Konya vilâyeti üzerinden kaldırmış, Karamânlı ümerânın mümtâzı olmuşdu.
727’de Karamânzâde Yahşî Bey’in ma’iyyetine bütün kuvvetiyle me’mûr olup Sivas vâlisi Emîr Çobanoğlu Timurtaş Bey’i kaçırmış ve Amasya’yı Çobânîler’in idâresinden kurtarmış olduğu cihetle Yahşî Bey tarafından Amasya vâliliğine ta’yîn edildi.
Dârüsselâm Mahallesi’nde kâin Sultân Mes’ûd’un sarâyında ikâmet ve iki yıl kadar Yahşî Bey nâmına icrâ-yı hükûmet etdi. 729’da Irâk emîr-i kebîri Şeyh Hasan İlhânî Amasya eyâletini Sultân Ebû Sa’id Bahâdır nâmına zabt ve istilâ etdikde kendisini makâm-ı emârette ibkâ eyledi.
Bundan dört yıl kadar da Emîr Şeyh Hasan Kebîr nâmına ifâ-yı emâret edib 733 senesi evâsıtında vefât etdi. Dârü’s-selâm Mahallesi’nde bir mescid-i şerîf ve çeşme yaptırdı. Ceddi türbesinde medfûndur. Mahdûmları [423] İmâdüddîn Esen, Şerefeddîn Kızıl Beylerdir. Esen Beyzâde Alâeddîn Alî Paşa Amasya havâlisinde pek meşhûr idi. Şerefeddîn Kızıl Bey de Konya’da iştihâr edib evlâdından Bâbuk Bey bin Süleyman Bey Çelebi Sultân Mehmed ve Murâd-ı Sânî devrinde Kayseriyye Beyi idi.
In Modern English
He was a descendant of the former governor of Amasya, Nûreddîn Toğrak Bey, and the son of Tuğrul Bey, son of İnâc Bey. Among the people he is famous as İnacoğlu. It is understood that İnâc Bey was Toğrak Bey's son-in-law.
In the time of the emir of Amasya, Alakuşoğlu Şemseddîn Ahmed Bey, when Toğrak Bey's children went to Egypt, Konya and Tabriz, his father Tuğrul Bey too had taken refuge with the children of Karaman Bey and had become one of the Karamanid emirs. Because he was a son-in-law of the Seljuk Sultan İzzeddîn Keykâvus, the emirs were wary of him.
Bâbûk Şâh was a grandson of Sultan Keykâvus on his daughter's side. He had rendered devoted services in Konya to the founding of the Karamanid state, had removed Timurtaş Bey's influence from the province of Konya, and had become the most distinguished of the Karamanid emirs.
In 727 [1326-27], having been placed with all his strength under the command of Karamanzâde Yahşî Bey, he drove out Emir Çobanoğlu Timurtaş Bey, governor of Sivas, and freed Amasya from the rule of the Çobanids, and for this reason was appointed governor of Amasya by Yahşî Bey.
He lived in the palace of Sultan Mes'ûd in the Dârüsselâm quarter and for about two years carried on the government in the name of Yahşî Bey. In 729 [1328-29], when Şeyh Hasan İlhânî, the great emir of Iraq, seized the province of Amasya in the name of Sultan Ebû Sa'id Bahâdır, he left him in the post of emir.
After this he served as emir for about four years in the name of Emir Şeyh Hasan Kebîr, and died around the middle of the year 733 [1333]. He had a mosque and a fountain built in the Dârüsselâm quarter. He is buried in the tomb of his grandfather. His sons were İmâdüddîn Esen and Şerefeddîn Kızıl Bey. Esen Beyzâde Alâeddîn Alî Pasha was very famous around Amasya. Şerefeddîn Kızıl Bey also became famous in Konya; a descendant of his, Bâbuk Bey, son of Süleyman Bey Çelebi, was Bey of Kayseri in the time of Sultan Mehmed and Murad II.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- vâlî: governor, ruler
- evlâd: children, descendants
- dâmâd: son-in-law
- ilticâ etmek: to take refuge
- ümerâ: emirs
- kerîmezâde: a daughter's son, a grandson on the daughter's side
- fedâkârâne: self-sacrificingly
- mümtâz: distinguished, foremost
- ma'iyyet: being under someone's command, being in his company
- icrâ-yı hükûmet etmek: to carry on the government
- istilâ: seizure
- makâm-ı emâret: the post of emir
- ibkâ etmek: to leave in place
- evâsıt: the middle
- ced: grandfather, ancestor
- mescid-i şerîf: a small mosque
Other Sources on Bâbûk Şâh
No information was found in other sources on Bâbûk Şâh, his father Tuğrul Bey, his grandfather İnâc Bey or Nûreddîn Toğrak Bey. These names do not occur in the sources read on the Karamanids, the Çobanids and the Eretnids. The family relations and offices in the entry therefore rest only on Hüsameddin's account.
The Framework of the Period
After the Mongol invasion of 1243 Amasya passed under Ilkhanid rule. The Ilkhanid governor-general of Anatolia, Timurtaş, was Çoban's son; he held this office from 1315 until the middle of September 1327 and set up his seat at Kayseri. It is written that Timurtaş campaigned against the Karamanids and took Konya. In the end the dispute between Çoban and the Ilkhan Ebû Said resulted in Timurtaş taking refuge in Egypt, where the Mamluk sultan had him killed. Hüsameddin's date 727 [1326-27] agrees with the year in which Timurtaş's office in Anatolia ended. But according to the study, Timurtaş's departure arose from the quarrel between Çoban and Ebû Said; the sources read say nothing of any share Bâbûk Şâh had in this event. Nor does Hüsameddin's calling Timurtaş "governor of Sivas" fully agree with the sources speaking of a governor-general of Anatolia based in Kayseri.
The same study writes, relying on Faruk Sümer, that Timurtaş had nine children of the Seljuk dynasty living in Akşehir, Konya, Sinop and Simre (Amasya) put to death. No direct link can be made with Hüsameddin's statement that "Toğrak Bey's children went to Egypt, Konya and Tabriz"; but this record shows that Amasya was at that time one of the places where persons of Seljuk descent lived.
Yahşî Bey and Şeyh Hasan
Yahşî Bey was a son of the Karamanid Mahmud Bey; he killed Ahî Mustafa, the ruler of Konya, and took the city in 714 (1314), contended with his brother Halil in the early 1340s, and according to Faruk Sümer was probably killed in 742-743 (1341-42). Hüsameddin's making Bâbûk Şâh governor of Amasya in his name could not be verified in the sources read on the Karamanids.
The person whom Hüsameddin calls "Şeyh Hasan İlhânî, great emir of Iraq" and "Emir Şeyh Hasan Kebîr" may be the Jalayirid Şeyh Hasan, that is, Hasan-ı Büzürg; this is an inference. According to Abdülkadir Yuvalı, Hasan-ı Büzürg was appointed to the governorship of Anatolia (1333) a year after he was sent to Kemah Castle in Ebû Said's time. Hüsameddin, however, writes that Şeyh Hasan's seizure of Amasya in the name of Ebû Said was in 729 [1328-29]. The two dates are four years apart, and which is correct, or whether the same person is really meant, could not be verified. It is also known that after Ebû Said's death in 1335 Eretna declared his independence in Anatolia and that from 1341 Amasya came under the Eretnid principality; Bâbûk Şâh's year of death, 733 [1333], falls before these developments.
His Buildings and Descendants
No information was found in other sources on the mosque and fountain in the Dârüsselâm quarter, the palace of Sultan Mes'ûd, his sons İmâdüddîn Esen and Şerefeddîn Kızıl Bey, Esen Beyzâde Alâeddîn Alî Pasha or Bâbuk Bey, Bey of Kayseri.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 390–391. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Ş. Cem Tuysuz, "İlhanlı Devletinin Anadolu Genel Valisi Temürtaş'ın Siyasi, Askeri ve Sosyal Hayatı", Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22/3 (Eylül 2018), p. 1649-1675.
- Faruk Sümer, "Karamanoğulları", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 24, İstanbul 2001, p. 454-460. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karamanogullari
- Abdülkadir Yuvalı, "Hasan-ı Büzürg", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 16, İstanbul 1997, p. 311-312. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hasan-i-buzurg
- Selim Özcan, "Amasya'da Sancak Beyliği Yapan Şehzadeler Döneminde Amasya Şehri", Amasya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/amauifd/article/21371
Books
- Kemal Göde, "Eretnaoğulları", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 11, İstanbul 1995, p. 295-296.