Amasyalıdır. Çavûşân-ı dergâh-ı âlîden Kalender Ağa bin Hasan mahdûmudur. Abdülbâkî Paşa olup Bâkî Paşa demekle meşhûrdur. Amasya züamâsından olup [425] Karayazıcı eşkıyâsının mazarratlarını def’e cân-siperâne gayret ve hizmetler ibrâz ederek terakkî gördü.
Ba’dehû on yıl zarfında mükerreren Amasya alaybeyi olup 1032’de Abaza Mehmed Paşa Karahisâr-ı Şarkîye hücûm edeceği ma’lûm olmakla Mutasarrıf Murtaza Paşa’nın imdâdına me’mûren Karahisâr-ı Şarkî’ye gitdi. Orayı Abaza Paşa’ya karşı fevkalâde müdâfa’a ederek paşayı avdete icbâr eylediğinden bâ-rütbe-i mîr-i mîrânî Karahisâr-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı oldu.
1034’de Kars Beylerbeyi olup sonra Batum muhâfızı oldu. Ba’dehû Musûl Beylerbeyi olup Bağdâd Harbi’ne me’mûr oldu. 1036’da Irâk muhârebâtında vefât etdi. Meşâhîr-i ümerâdan şecî’, gayûr, müstakîm ve muhârib bir zât idi. Mahdûmları Rıdvan Paşa ile Hasan, Hüseyin Beylerdir.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Hasan, son of Kalender Ağa, one of the chavushes of the Sublime Porte. His real name was Abdülbâkî Pasha, and he was famous as Bâkî Pasha. He was among the zeamet holders of Amasya, and showed efforts and services in which he staked his life to remove the harm done by the Karayazıcı bands, and rose through them.
Then within ten years he was several times alaybeyi of Amasya. In 1032 [1622-23], when it became known that Abaza Mehmed Pasha would attack Karahisâr-ı Şarkî, he was commissioned to help the Mutasarrıf Murtaza Pasha and went to Karahisâr-ı Şarkî. Because he defended it extraordinarily against Abaza Pasha and forced the pasha to turn back, he became mutasarrıf of Karahisâr-ı Şarkî with the rank of beylerbeyi.
In 1034 [1624-25] he became Beylerbeyi of Kars, and then guardian of Batum. Later he became Beylerbeyi of Mosul and was commissioned for the Baghdad War. In 1036 [1626-27] he died in the wars of Iraq. He was one of the famous emirs, a brave, honour-minded, upright and warlike man. His sons are Rıdvan Pasha and Hasan and Hüseyin Beys.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- çavûşân-ı dergâh-ı âlî: the chavushes of the palace
- züemâ: zeamet holders, sipahis with a large military revenue
- eşkıyâ: armed bands who rob on the roads or rebel
- mazarrat: harm
- def'e cân-siperâne gayret: effort made, staking one's life, to remove a harm
- alaybeyi: the commander of the sipahis of a sanjak in war
- mutasarrıf: the administrator of a sanjak
- imdâd: help
- bâ-rütbe-i mîr-i mîrânî: with the rank of beylerbeyi
- muhâfız: castle commander, guardian
- gayûr: honour-minded, zealous
- müstakîm: upright, on the right path
- muhârib: warlike, a fighter
Karayazıcı and Amasya
The movement that Hüsameddin calls "the Karayazıcı bands" was most probably that of the Celali Karayazıcı (Abdülhalim), who rebelled in Urfa and proclaimed his own sultanate with the title Halim Shah, and his followers. According to Müctebâ İlgürel, among the Celali chiefs who gathered around Karayazıcı was "Deli Zülfikar of Amasya". Karayazıcı disturbed Anatolia between 1599 and 1601; when he surrendered, he obtained a promise that the sanjak of Amasya or of Antep would be given him, and later he was appointed to the sanjak of Çorum; news of his death reached Istanbul in Ramadan 1010 (February-March 1602). How Bâkî Pasha fought this movement could not be verified, since his name does not appear in these sources.
Abaza Mehmed Pasha and Karahisâr-ı Şarkî
Abaza Mehmed Pasha became beylerbeyi of Erzurum in 1621 and, after the killing of Osman II, declared the janissaries regicides and rebelled against them. He gathered 30,000 men around him, took Şebinkarahisar and Sivas and besieged Ankara. After Murad IV's accession, forces under the grand vizier Hâfız Pasha defeated him at Karasu near Kayseri, and Abaza withdrew to Erzurum. In 1628 he surrendered to Hüsrev Pasha's campaign, was pardoned and made governor of Bosnia; in 1634 he was executed (İlgürel). Karahisâr-ı Şarkî is also called Şebinkarahisar in the sources. In this account Abaza's capture of Şebinkarahisar is placed among the events before Murad IV's accession; this order agrees with Hüsameddin's date 1032 [1622-23]. However, the name of Bâkî Pasha, the name of the Mutasarrıf Murtaza Pasha and the detail of turning Abaza back from Karahisâr-ı Şarkî do not occur in the sources read; whether Abaza really withdrew in this move could not be verified.
The Baghdad Campaign
The operation Hüsameddin calls "the Baghdad War" may be Hâfız Ahmed Pasha's Baghdad campaign. According to Orhan F. Köprülü, Hâfız Ahmed Pasha came to Mosul in 1625 and then to Kirkuk, besieged Baghdad on 13 November 1625, and had to lift the siege around June 1626; the pasha was dismissed on 1 December 1626. The year 1036 [September 1626-September 1627] that Hüsameddin gives falls right after these events and may indicate that Bâkî Pasha died during the siege or in the Iraq fighting that followed; this is an inference, because that entry does not mention Bâkî Pasha. The same source names a Defterdar Bâki Pasha among those who helped bring Hâfız Ahmed Pasha to the grand vizierate in 1625; there is no sign at all that this person is identical with Hüsameddin's Bâkî Pasha.
No information was found in other sources on Bâkî Pasha's beylerbeyiships of Kars and Mosul, his guardianship of Batum, or his sons Rıdvan Pasha, Hasan and Hüseyin Beys.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 391. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Müctebâ İlgürel, "Abaza Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 1, İstanbul 1988, p. 11-12. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/abaza-pasa
- Müctebâ İlgürel, "Karayazıcı", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 24, İstanbul 2001, p. 482-483. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/karayazici-abdulhalim
- Feridun Emecen, "Süleyman I", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 38, İstanbul 2010. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/suleyman-i
- Orhan F. Köprülü, "Hâfız Ahmed Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 15, İstanbul 1997, p. 84-85. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hafiz-ahmed-pasa