Amasyalıdır. Köprübaşı Mahallesi eşrâfından ve Şâdgeldi Paşa ahfâdından Mısır mîrlivâsı Bekir Beyzâde Hacı Osmân Bey bin Ömer Paşa bin Ebûbekir Bey'in oğludur.
1163 muharremi ibtidâsında Amasya mutasarrıfı ve harbe me'mûr olup baş a'yân Hacı Ahmed Bey mütesellimi ve Feyzullâh Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu.
Safer evâ'ilinde Fethullâh Ağa alaybeyi ve Türedioğlu Hacı Süleymân Ağa şehir kethüdâsı ve rebî'ulevvelde Çiğdem Beyoğlu Hacı Alî Ağa nakîb olup şa'bân gurresinde defterdâr Amasyalı İbrâhîm Efendi'nin birâderi Ahmed Efendizâde Musliheddîn Efendi Amasya kadısı ve zilhiccenin evâ'ilinde müftü Abdullâh Efendi'nin isti‘fâsıyla büyük âlimlerden [82] Oluslu Hacı Mehmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu.
1164 muharreminde mutasarrıf Ebûbekir Paşa'nın kayınbirâderi Mustafâ Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân ve Amasya mütesellimi, Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı Ahmed Bey hacıbaşı, Hacı Bâkîoğlu Hacı Abdulbâkî Ağa da nakîb kâ'im-makâmı oldu.
Rebî'ulevvelde a'yândan Hacı Kadiroğlu Hâfız Mehmed Ağa evkâf-ı sultâniyye ve şehzâdeler vakfı mütevellîsi olarak İstanbul'dan geldi. Mevlid günü Bekir Beyzâde Hacı Osmân Bey Dâru'l-Hadîs Medresesi'ni hitâma erdirdiğinden a'yân ve ulemâya konağında mükellef bir ziyâfet çekdi. Konağının karşısında Dâru'l-Hadîs ve kütübhânesinin resmî güşâdını yapdı. Müderris ve muhaddis ta'yîn etdiği meşâhîr-i ulemâdan Laz İbrâhim Efendi tarafından Fâtiha sûresi tefsîrinden bir ders okundu.
Rebî'ulâhirde Amasyalı Kalaycı Halîl Ağa sarây-ı hümâyûnda bostancıbaşı, şevvâlde Fazlıoğlu Hacı Alî Efendi nakîb kâ'im-makâmı ve Abdulcelîlzâde Hacı Hüseyin Paşa Sivâs vâlîsi oldu.
Receb evâ'ilinde meşâhîr-i fuzalâdan Lâdik müftüsü ve Şeyhü'l-islâm Mehmed Efendi Medresesi müderrisi Âmidî Mehmed Şerîf Efendi [83] vefât edip büyük mahdûmu Ömer Efendi müftü ve diğer mahdûmu Mehmed Tâhir Efendi müderris oldu.
Şevvâlde çokdan beri hasta olan Müftü Hacı Mehmed, esîr-i firâş olduğundan fetvâdan çekilip Mehmed Paşa müderrisi Aybatsalı Uzun Abdullâh Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü oldu. Zilhiccede sâbık müftü vefât etdi.
Bu sene Amasya havâlîsine Kürd aşîretlerinden Millî aşîreti, re'îsleri Süleymân Paşazâde Mûsâ Bey bin Halîl Bey'le gelip yerleşdi. Mûsâ Bey ma'iyyeti düzgün, servet ve sâmânıyla meşhûr olup başında tehdîdini îkâ'a muktedir bir kuvvet vardı.
Kezâlik Dâru'l-Hadîs'i yapan Hacı Osmân Bey Samanpazarı üstünde yapdırdığı iki kapılı hanı, Alaca Hamâmı, birçok musakkafâtı vakf ederek hâsılâtını Dâru'l-Hadîs, kütübhâne, köprü başındaki câmi'i ve çeşmesi gibi hayrâtına tahsîs ve vakfiyesini tanzîm etdi.
1165 muharreminde mütesellim ve baş a'yân Hacı İbrâhim Bey olup Saracoğlu Hacı İsmâ'il Efendi hacıbaşı, safer gurresinde Ahmed Atâ'ullâh Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi ve rebî'ulevvelde Zaralızâde Mehmed Paşa Sivâs vâlîsi oldu.
Rebî'ulâhirde Yeğenoğlu Ömer Bey Millî [84] aşîreti re'îsi Mûsâ Bey'in kerîmesini tezevvüc edip gâyet debdebeli bir düğün yapdı. Her iki taraf da nüfûz kazandı. Zorluoğlu Haseki Mehmed Ağa kul kethüdâsı ve cemâziyelevvelde Amasyalı Gürcüzâde Mustafâ Paşa da vezâretle Ağrıboz vâlîsi oldu.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Bekir Beyzade Hacı Osman Bey bin Ömer Pasha bin Ebubekir Bey, the sanjak bey of Egypt, one of the leading men of the Köprübaşı Quarter and a descendant of Şadgeldi Pasha.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1163 [1749-50] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya and was assigned to go to the war; the chief notable Hacı Ahmed Bey became his mütesellim and Feyzullah Efendi naib of Amasya.
At the beginning of Safer, Fethullah Ağa became alaybeyi and Türedioğlu Hacı Süleyman Ağa city kethüda; in Rebiülevvel Çiğdem Beyoğlu Hacı Ali Ağa became naqib. On the first day of Şaban, Muslihuddin Efendi, son of Ahmed Efendi and brother of the defterdar İbrahim Efendi of Amasya, became kadı of Amasya. At the beginning of Zilhicce, on the resignation of the mufti Abdullah Efendi, Hacı Mehmed Efendi of Oluslu, one of the great scholars, became mufti of Amasya.
In Muharrem 1164 [1750-51], the brother-in-law of the mutasarrıf Ebubekir Pasha, Mustafa Paşazade Hacı İbrahim Bey, became chief notable and mütesellim of Amasya, Rahtuvan Paşazade Hacı Ahmed Bey hacıbaşı, and Hacı Bâkîoğlu Hacı Abdülbaki Ağa deputy naqib.
In Rebiülevvel, Hacı Kadiroğlu Hafız Mehmed Ağa, one of the notables, came from Istanbul as mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs and of the princes' waqf. On the day of the Mevlid, Bekir Beyzade Hacı Osman Bey, having completed the Darülhadis Madrasa, gave a magnificent banquet at his mansion for the notables and the ulema. He performed the official opening of the darülhadis and its library opposite his mansion. Laz İbrahim Efendi, one of the famous ulema whom he had appointed professor and hadith scholar, read a lesson from the tafsir of the sura al-Fatiha.
In Rebiülahir, Kalaycı Halil Ağa of Amasya became bostancıbaşı in the palace. In Şevval, Fazlıoğlu Hacı Ali Efendi became deputy naqib and Abdülcelilzade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha became governor of Sivas.
At the beginning of Recep, Âmidî Mehmed Şerif Efendi, one of the famous virtuous scholars, mufti of Lâdik and professor at the Şeyhülislam Mehmed Efendi Madrasa, died; his eldest son Ömer Efendi became mufti and his other son Mehmed Tahir Efendi became professor.
In Şevval, since the mufti Hacı Mehmed Efendi, who had been ill for a long time, took to his bed, he withdrew from the office of fatwa, and Aybatsalı Uzun Abdullah Efendi, professor at the Mehmed Pasha Madrasa, became mufti of Amasya again. In Zilhicce the former mufti died.
This year the Millî tribe, one of the Kurdish tribes, together with its chiefs Süleyman Paşazade Musa Bey bin Halil Bey, came and settled around Amasya. Musa Bey's retinue was well ordered; he was known for his wealth and splendor. Under his command was a force strong enough to carry out its threats.
Likewise, Hacı Osman Bey, who had the darülhadis built, endowed the two-gated han he had built above the Samanpazarı, the Alaca Bath and many roofed properties, allocated their revenues to charitable works such as the darülhadis, the library, and the mosque and fountain at the bridgehead, and drew up the waqf deed.
In Muharrem 1165 [1751-52] Hacı İbrahim Bey became mütesellim and chief notable, and Saracoğlu Hacı İsmail Efendi hacıbaşı. On the first day of Safer, Ahmed Ataullah Efendi became naib of Amasya, and in Rebiülevvel Zaralızade Mehmed Pasha became governor of Sivas.
In Rebiülahir, Yeğenoğlu Ömer Bey married the daughter of Musa Bey, chief of the Millî tribe, and held a very showy wedding. Both sides gained influence through this marriage. Zorluoğlu Haseki Mehmed Ağa became kul kethüdası; in Cemaziyelevvel Gürcüzade Mustafa Pasha of Amasya became governor of Ağrıboz with the rank of vizier.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- eşrâf: the leading men, noble and esteemed persons
- ahfâd: grandchildren, descendants
- harbe me'mûr: assigned to go to war
- kayınbirâder: brother of one's spouse
- nakîb kâ'im-makâmı: the deputy of the naqib
- evkâf-ı sultâniyye: the waqfs founded by sultans
- mükellef ziyâfet: a magnificent, lavishly furnished meal
- resmî güşâd: official opening
- muhaddis: hadith scholar
- bostancıbaşı: head of the bostancı corps that guarded the palace gardens and the shoreline palaces
- fuzalâ: virtuous, learned persons
- esîr-i firâş: confined to bed, unable to rise from illness
- ma'iyyet: the men in the company of a high person
- servet ve sâmân: wealth and abundance
- îkâ': carrying out, fulfilling
- musakkafât: roofed properties, buildings such as houses and shops
- hâsılât: revenues
- tahsîs: allocating
- tezevvüc: marrying
- kerîme: daughter
Ebubekir Pasha and His Family
The mutasarrıf of this entry is the son of Bekir Beyzade Hacı Osman Bey, whose return from Egypt was related two entries earlier. Hüsameddin ties the family to the descendants of Şadgeldi Pasha. Şadgeldi Pasha was the emir who governed Amasya from 1359 until his death in 1381, in the period of the disintegration of the Eretna state; he was the second eldest son of Hacı Kutlu Şah and took lessons at Amasya from Mevlana Fahreddin İlyas. That the Bekir Beyzades' line is traced to this emir shows that the family is regarded as one of the most deep-rooted families of the city; however, this lineage rests on Hüsameddin's record and could not be verified with other sources.
Ebubekir Pasha's name has also passed into the darülhadis his father had built. As Osman Keskiner states, since after Osman Bey's death his son Ebubekir Pasha became mütevelli of the madrasa, the building was called the "Bekir Pasha Madrasa." That he made his brother-in-law Mustafa Paşazade Hacı İbrahim Bey chief notable and mütesellim shows that the administration of the sanjak in these years largely remained within the family circle.
The Opening of the Darülhadis
One of Hüsameddin's liveliest scenes is the day on which Hacı Osman Bey opened his darülhadis. 12 Rebiülevvel 1164, that is, the day of the Mevlid, corresponds to the first week of February 1751. That day Osman Bey gave a banquet at his mansion for the notables and the ulema, formally opened the darülhadis and the library opposite his mansion, and Laz İbrahim Efendi, whom he had appointed first professor, read a lesson from the tafsir of the sura al-Fatiha. That the opening of an educational institution was made to coincide with the Prophet's birthday and that the first lesson began from the first sura of the Qur'an reflects a meaning consciously given to the opening.
Keskiner's research on the darülhadises of Amasya confirms the information Hüsameddin gives. According to it, the building was built as a darülhadis in the Köprübaşı Quarter in 1164 [1751] by "the former mîrlivâ of Egypt, Bekir Beyzade el-Hac Osman Bey of Amasya," and its waqfs were arranged. Its lecture hall and library are very good, and it is a masonry and showy building. The Alaca Bath and the İki Kapılı Han are the waqf of this madrasa. Keskiner also mentions Laz İbrahim Efendi, known for his virtue, as first professor; after him, in 1179 [1766] Seküköylüzade Hacı Mehmed Kâşif Efendi and scholars from his line and relatives served as professors, and this duty continued until the end of the nineteenth century. The building was on the verge of collapse around 1883; in 1891 its front façade was demolished and, with shops built beneath and rooms above, it was repaired. The madrasa has survived to the present.
The Millî Tribe in Amasya
A noteworthy record of the entry is also the Millî tribe's coming and settling around Amasya in 1164 [1750-51]. The Millî tribe is a large nomadic community seen in Ottoman documents mostly in the regions of Diyarbakır, Urfa, Mardin, Erzurum and Çemişgezek. According to what Murat Alandağlı relays, Ziya Gökalp ties this tribe to the Silîvî clan of the Kurmanjis. At the beginning of the eighteenth century they were settled in the region of Raqqa to end the conflicts among the tribes and to break the pressure of the Arab tribes on the southern frontier, but they did not stay there long. The same research notes that members of the Millî began to be seen in the eighteenth century in the districts of Çorum, Tokat and Amasya, especially around Mecidözü, and that there are numerous documents about their various excesses in these districts attached to Sivas.
Sibel Orhankazi's study on the settlement of the Milli tribe shows that in January 1751 the tribe's settlement in Raqqa was ordered, but that the settlement officials did not obey this order and caused unrest at Siverek until 1756. That Hüsameddin places the Millî tribe's arrival at Amasya exactly in this year is noteworthy; it is possible that one branch of the tribe, instead of going to Raqqa, turned north to Amasya, but no document enabling a direct link between these two events was found. No information was found in other sources about the chief Süleyman Paşazade Musa Bey bin Halil Bey, whom Hüsameddin mentions. That the author presents Musa Bey as having "a force strong enough to carry out its threats," and that the next year Yeğenoğlu Ömer Bey, of the chief notable family of Amasya, married his daughter, shows that the leading men of the city chose to turn this powerful community from a threat into an addition to their own influence. Hüsameddin's sentence "both sides gained influence" plainly sums up this alliance.
The Governors of Sivas
The two governors of Sivas named in the entry come from the great families of the region. Abdülcelilzade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha, who became governor of Sivas in Şevval 1164 [August-September 1751], is the best-known member of the Celîlî family of Mosul. According to Mehmet İpşirli, he served eight times as governor of Mosul, successfully defended the city in Nâdir Shah's siege of Mosul in 1743, and, in state service from 1730 until his death in 1759, was also mutasarrıf and governor in places besides Mosul such as Amasya, Baghdad, Basra, Erzurum, Sivas and Kars. The siege of Mosul lasted from 13 September to 23 October 1743, and the Iranian army withdrew after heavy losses.
Zaralızade Mehmed Pasha, who became governor of Sivas the following year, is from the Zaralızades, the most powerful notable family of Sivas in the eighteenth century. According to Ahmet Önal's research, Mehmed Pasha was left in the governorship of Sivas in the appointments of 1166, 1167 and 1168 as well, and remained in this post until the end of 1754. The "Zâr Alioğlu Mehmed Pasha," whom Hüsameddin writes of as protecting the Fazlıoğulları in 1160, is most probably the same person.
Of the other persons named in the entry, Gürcüzade Mustafa Pasha is the son of the former chief notable Gürcüzade Hacı İbrahim Bey, who died in the army two entries earlier. No information was found in other sources about Mustafa Pasha, Kalaycı Halil Ağa, Laz İbrahim Efendi, Hacı Mehmed Efendi of Oluslu and the mufti of Lâdik, Âmidî Mehmed Şerif Efendi.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, 4. Cildin Bakiyyesi, p. 651–652. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Osman Keskiner, "Amasya Dârü'l-Hadisleri ve Kültürümüzdeki Yeri", Anadolu'da Hadis Geleneği ve Dâru'l-Hadisler Uluslararası Katılımlı Sempozyumu, ed. Muhittin Düzenli, Samsun, 2011.
- Sibel Orhankazi, "Osmanlı Devleti'nde İskân ve Milli Aşireti İskânı Meselesi", Uluslararası Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 12 (126), 2025, p. 2866-2875, https://www.jshsr.org/index.php/pub/article/download/3171/2970/7915
- Mehmet İpşirli, "Celîlî", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/celili
- Ahmet Önal, "Sivas Eyaleti Valileri ve Beylerbeyileri (1753-1792)", Tarihin Peşinde, 21, http://www.tarihinpesinde.com/dergimiz/sayi21/M21_02.pdf
Official sources
Books
Other sources