Zoğuludur. 1167 şa'bânının on altıncı günü yine Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Hacı Efendioğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa mütesellimi oldu. Bu esnâda esbak yeniçeri ağası Amasyalı Hüseyin Ağa Rûmeli beylerbeyi pâyesiyle Hotin muhâfızı oldu.
Şevvâlin dördüncü günü müftü Aybatsalı Hacı Abdullâh Efendi'nin azliyle Ayâs Ağa müderrisi Çorumlu Hacı Alî Efendi ikinci def'a Amasya müftüsü ve Fazlıoğlu Abdülazîz Efendi bin Hacı Alî Efendi nakîb kâ'im-makâmı oldu. Zilka'dede Gürcüzâde Mustafâ Paşa'nın vefâtıyla Torumtay vakfının tevliyeti birâderleri ulemâdan Hâfız Hıfzî Mehmed Efendi ile Alî Bey'e verildi. Merzifon müftüsü ve Çelebi Sultân müderrisi Abdullâh Efendi bin Şeyh Mehmed Efendi de vefât etdi.
1168 muharreminde Mustafâ Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân ve züamâdan Ömer Bey alaybeyi, sipâhîlerden Deli Hüseyin Ağa kethüdâyeri⁷¹² olup Mar'aş beylerbeyi Abdullâh Paşa'ya Amasya sancağı verildi. [89]
In Modern English
He is from the Zoğu region. On the sixteenth day of Şaban 1167 [June 1754] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya again, and Hacı Efendioğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa became his mütesellim. At this time the former janissary agha Hüseyin Ağa of Amasya became guardian of Hotin with the rank of beylerbeyi of Rumelia.
On the fourth day of Şevval [July 1754] the mufti Aybatsalı Hacı Abdullah Efendi was dismissed; in his place Hacı Ali Efendi of Çorum, professor at the Ayas Ağa Madrasa, became mufti of Amasya for the second time, and Fazlıoğlu Abdülaziz Efendi bin Hacı Ali Efendi became deputy naqib. In Zilkade [August 1754], on the death of Gürcüzâde Mustafa Pasha, the trusteeship of the Torumtay waqf was given to his brothers, the scholars Hâfız Hıfzî Mehmed Efendi and Ali Bey. Abdullah Efendi bin Şeyh Mehmed Efendi, mufti of Merzifon and professor at the Çelebi Sultan Madrasa, also died.
In Muharrem 1168 [October 1754], Mustafa Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Bey became chief notable, Ömer Bey, one of the zaims, alaybeyi, and Deli Hüseyin Ağa, one of the sipahis, kethüdayeri, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to Abdullah Pasha, beylerbeyi of Maraş.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- esbak: former, previous
- pâye: rank, degree of office
- muhâfız: military commander of a fortress and its surroundings
- müderris: madrasa professor
- nakîb kâ'im-makâmı: the city deputy of the nakîbüleşraf, who looked after the affairs of the descendants of the Prophet
- tevliyet: administration of a waqf, trusteeship
- birâder: brother
- züamâ: holders of the large fiefs called zeamet, zaims
- alaybeyi: commander of the timar-holding sipahis of a sanjak
- kethüdâyeri: the officer at the head of the kapıkulu sipahis living in the provinces
Hüseyin Ağa of Amasya and Hotin
The "former janissary agha Hüseyin Ağa of Amasya," whom Hüsameddin mentions here in a single sentence, is Türedizâde Hüseyin Pasha, who is related in detail in the biographies section of the book. According to the record there, Hüseyin, son of the Amasya serdar Türedioğlu Ahmed Ağa, was a janissary enrolled in the forty-ninth company when in 1141 [1728-29] he went on the Revan campaign, became agha of Revan through the service he showed, and became son-in-law to Şahin Mehmed Ağa, who had chosen him. He rose to the janissary aghaship on 25 Rebiülevvel 1161 [March 1748], but four months later was accused of laxity, dismissed and exiled to Tekirdağ. After remaining about six years in exile, through the mediation of Mustafa Ağa of Amasya, kethüda of Grand Vizier Bahir Mustafa Pasha, in Cemaziyelevvel 1167 [February-March 1754] he became mutasarrıf of the sanjak of Köstendil and guardian of Hotin Fortress with the rank of beylerbeyi. This record shows that the appointment in the entry meant Hüseyin Ağa's return from exile.
The same biography also follows Hüseyin Pasha's later life: in 1168 the sanjak of Tırhala was given to him but he remained at Hotin, and for his zeal in defending the fortress he was brought, with the vizierate, to the governorship of Crete, then to the governorship of Rumelia, the guardianship of Özi and the governorship of Belgrade. According to Hüsameddin, the pasha became kaptanıderya (grand admiral) in Cemaziyelevvel 1175 [November-December 1761] in place of Hasan Pasha, and because he could not get along with Grand Vizier Râgıb Mehmed Pasha, he was dismissed two months later and sent to the sanjak of Resmo. It is also written in the same place that in 1176 he returned to his home region as mutasarrıf of Amasya, had a mansion built in the Receb Quarter, and died in 1183 [1769] as guardian of Anatolia. Hüsameddin notes that Mehmed Süreyya in the Sicill-i Osmânî confuses this person with Macar Hasan Pasha. The new edition of the Harîta-i Kapudânân-ı Deryâ, which gives the list of Ottoman kaptanıderyas, writes that in 1761 a Hasan Pasha raised in the janissary corps was brought to the kaptanıderyalık and that on his dismissal in the same year the Vizier's Kethüda Mehmed Pasha was brought; no kaptanıderya named Hüseyin appears in this list. For this reason the pasha's kaptanıderyalık could not be verified.
Hotin is a fortress city in the west of today's Ukraine, on the bank of the Dniester (Turla) river. According to Ömer Bıyık's study based on archival documents, after 1713 Hotin was taken under direct Ottoman rule and made a sanjak, remained one of the most important fortresses of the Ottoman-Russian frontier throughout the eighteenth century, and was occupied by the Russians three times in this century.
Madrasas and Waqfs
The Ayas Ağa Madrasa mentioned in the entry is part of the small complex of mosque, madrasa and primary school that Ayas Ağa, one of the gate ağas of the time of Bayezid II, had built in the Şamlar Quarter in Amasya. M. Baha Tanman relays that Hüsameddin states that this complex, which has no inscription, was built in 900 [1494-95]. The madrasa, also called "Medrese-i Ayasiyye," "Küçük Kapı Ağası" and "Küçük Ağa," consists of nine cells enclosing the courtyard north of the mosque on two sides, and a lecture hall. It is recorded that the mosque is open for worship today.
The Torumtay waqf is the waqf founded by Seyfeddin Torumtay, governor of Amasya in the Seljuk period. The waqf deed of the Gökmedrese Mosque, the center of the waqf, bears the date 665 [1266-67]; Torumtay's own tomb is opposite the mosque, dated 677 [1278-79], and contains, besides Torumtay, the graves of his children and grandchildren. This entry shows that five hundred years later, in the middle of the eighteenth century, the waqf's trusteeship was still alive and had passed to a local family such as the Gürcüzâdes. No information was found in other sources about Gürcüzâde Mustafa Pasha and his brothers.
The Çelebi Sultan Madrasa in Merzifon is the large four-iwan madrasa built by order of Mehmed I between 817 and 820 [1414-1417], popularly called the "Merzifon Sultaniyesi." According to Tanman, well-known scholars such as Ferîdüddîn-i Dîvânî taught here after its founding, and when the professorship began to pass from father to son after 1844, the madrasa's scholarly life came to an end. The building stands today in the middle of Merzifon, together with the clock tower that the Mutasarrıf Ziya Pasha had built over the entrance iwan in 1865.
Kethüdayeri and the Deli Hüseyinoğulları
The kethüdayerilik is the office of the officers who from the 1570s began to be appointed to keep under discipline the kapıkulu cavalrymen settled in the provinces and to send them on campaign. According to Coşkun Ünsal's study, sipahis were mostly preferred for this office, and Amasya was among the places where a kethüdayeri was regularly appointed. Ünsal notes that Hüsameddin gives a great deal of information about the kethüdayeris of Amasya, and that these persons later passed to posts such as mütesellimship and voivodeship or rose by attaching themselves to pashas. According to Hüsameddin's footnote, the sipahi Deli Hüseyin Ağa, who became kethüdayeri in this entry, is the great ancestor of the Deli Hüseyinoğulları family in Amasya.
No information was found in other sources about the muftis Aybatsalı Hacı Abdullah Efendi and Hacı Ali Efendi of Çorum and the mufti of Merzifon, Abdullah Efendi, named in the entry.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, 4. Cildin Bakiyyesi, p. 653–654. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, 9-12. Cilt (9. Cilt, "Hüseyin Paşa-Türedizâde" entry). https://amasya.bel.tr/uploads/e-kitap/kitap/9-12/files/basic-html/page45.html
Academic studies
- Ömer Bıyık, "Osmanlı-Rus Hududunda Bir Kale: XVIII. Yüzyılda Hotin", Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, XXIX/2, 2014, p. 489-513.
- M. Baha Tanman, "Ayas Ağa Külliyesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 4, İstanbul 1991, p. 201-202. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ayas-aga-kulliyesi
- M. Baha Tanman, "Mehmed I Medresesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 28, Ankara 2003, p. 394-395. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mehmed-i-medresesi
- Selda Kalfazade, "Gökmedrese Camii", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 14, İstanbul 1996. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/gokmedrese-camii
- Coşkun Ünsal, "Merkezî Ordunun Taşra Zâbiti: Kethüdâyerilik ve Osmanlı Askerî Teşkilatındaki Yeri", Tarih Dergisi, 85, 2025, p. 85-124. https://doi.org/10.26650/iutd.1578836
Official sources
Books
- Râmizpaşazâde Mehmed İzzet Bey, Harîta-i Kapudânân-ı Deryâ: Osmanlı Kaptanıderyaları (1352-1853), ed. Cemil Sağlam, Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları.