Mevâlîden Amasyalı el-Hâc Hüseyin Efendi bin el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi bin Ali Ağa bin Kırmacı Mehmed Ağa’nın mahdûmudur. Bu da Iydîzâde el-Hâc Mustafa Âkif Efendi’den ikmâl-i tahsîl edib ders-i âm ve 1168’de Hızır Paşa müderrisi oldu.
1180’de müntesib olduğu Şeyhülislâm Dürrîzâde Mustafa Efendi’nin himmetiyle devriyyeden Erzurum mollası oldu. [313]
Müddet-i örfiyyesi hitâmında avdet edib 1183’de meclis-i a’yân reisi, 1185’de Sivas nâibi oldu. 1186’da avdet edib 1187’de sâniyen baş a’yân oldu.
Lâkin Amasya ve Sivas vâlisi olan Canikli Hacı Ali Paşa’nın nüfûzundan korkup 1188’de ihtiyâr-ı uzlet ederek 1190’da dâr-ı bekâya rihlet etdi. Âlim, kâmil, ihtişâma mâil bir zât idi. Mahdûmu es-Seyyid el-Hâc Abdullah, Hüseyin, Ahmed Efendilerdir.
In Modern English
He was the son of el-Hâc Hüseyin Efendi of Amasya, of the mevâlî class; Hüseyin Efendi was the son of el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi, Mehmed Efendi the son of Ali Ağa, and Ali Ağa the son of Kırmacı Mehmed Ağa. He too completed his education with Iydîzâde el-Hâc Mustafa Âkif Efendi, received the right to give public lessons, and in 1168 [1754-55] became müderris of the Hızır Pasha Madrasa.
In 1180 [1766-67], through the efforts of Şeyhülislâm Dürrîzâde Mustafa Efendi, to whom he was attached, he became molla of Erzurum by the devriye system.
When his term ended he returned and in 1183 [1769-70] became head of the council of notables, and in 1185 [1771-72] deputy judge of Sivas. In 1186 [1772-73] he returned, and in 1187 [1773-74] he became chief notable for the second time.
But, fearing the influence of Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, governor of Amasya and Sivas, he withdrew into seclusion in 1188 [1774-75] and died in 1190 [1776-77]. He was a scholar, mature, and inclined to show. His sons are es-Seyyid el-Hâc Abdullah, Hüseyin and Ahmed Efendi.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mevâlî: in this context, members of the learned class at the upper ranks (inferred from context)
- ikmâl-i tahsîl: completing one's education
- ders-i âm: a müderris holding the right to give public lessons
- müntesib: attached, affiliated
- himmet: effort, support
- devriye: the rotation of members of the learned class through the ranks of judgeship, a term of judgeship (use inferred from context)
- molla: a judge of high rank serving in the great cities
- müddet-i örfiyye: the customary length of an office
- meclis-i a'yân reisi, baş a'yân: head of the local notables
- nâib: a deputy who gave judgment in the name of the kadı
- ihtiyâr-ı uzlet: withdrawing into seclusion of one's own accord
- ihtişâma mâil: inclined to display and splendour
Şeyhülislâm Dürrîzâde Mustafa Efendi
According to Mehmet İpşirli's encyclopedia entry, Dürrîzâde Mustafa Efendi was born in Istanbul in 1114 [1702-03], the son of Şeyhülislâm Dürrî Mehmed Efendi, who gave his name to a well-known family of the learned class. He was şeyhülislâm three times: from 26 July 1756 to 18 February 1757, from 29 April 1762 to 23 April 1767, and from 28 January 1774 to 29 September 1774. He died on 7 Zilhicce 1188 [8 February 1775]. The entry notes that he acted honestly in appointing judges. Hüsameddin's 1180 [1766-67] falls in the last year of his second term as şeyhülislâm; Kırmacızâde's Erzurum mollalık must thus have been granted during this office (inference). The year of Dürrîzâde's death (1188) is the same as the year in which Kırmacızâde withdrew; the sources draw no link between the two.
Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha and Amasya
According to Özcan Mert's entry, Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha was born in Istanbul in 1133 [1720-21] and became muhassıl of Canik in 1762. On 30 May 1772 the sanjak of Amasya was given to him as a mâlikâne, followed by the voivodeship of Tokat; he appears as governor of Sivas and Trabzon at the end of 1777. Yücel Özkaya's article in Belleten writes that the sanjak of Amasya was given with this appointment for reasons such as securing the roads, preventing the attacks of the "kapusuz levendât", watching the comings and goings from the Black Sea to Russia, and Ali Bey's ability to supply ships and troops. According to the same study the people of Amasya complained in November 1776 of the injustice of Canikli Ali Pasha, his sons and his supporters and asked for the mâlikâne to be abolished. The encyclopedia entry also tells that the notables of Amasya, unable to bear the pressure of Mikdad Ahmed Pasha, took refuge with Çapanoğlu Mustafa Bey at the end of 1778.
Hüsameddin's own annual narrative (supplement to volume 4, p. 664–666) dates Hacı Ali Bey's governorship of Amasya to the twelfth day of Rebîülevvel 1186. The encyclopedia gives 30 May and the Belleten article 1 June 1772; the three dates lie within a few weeks of each other. That Kırmacızâde feared Canikli's influence in 1188 [1774-75] fits the period just after this appointment. The text's phrase "governor of Amasya and Sivas", since the governorship of Sivas appears according to the encyclopedia entry at the end of 1777, may be a summary expression that also covers the later years (inference).
The Records of the Chief Notable
In Hüsameddin's annual narrative in the supplement to volume 4, Hacı İbrâhim Bey and Türedioğlu Hacı Alî Ağa are named as chief notables of Amasya in the years 1186-1187. The name of Kırmacızâde Hüseyin Efendi does not appear in that narrative. How the record that Kırmacızâde became chief notable for the second time in 1187 and the record that Türedioğlu became chief notable in Rebîülevvel of the same year complement each other could not be determined from the sources read.
The Chair at the Hızır Pasha Madrasa
Hızır Pasha was the brother of Yörgüç Pasha, the lala of Murad II. According to Muhammet Okudan's article he founded three waqfs in Amasya in 870 [1465], had a madrasa and a mosque built and created posts of müderris and muid for them. The records of the waqf continued until the Republican period. The mosque was built in 1466. No record that confirms or contradicts Hüsameddin's statement about the müderrisship in 1168 was found in the sources read.
Kırmacızâde Hüseyin Efendi Himself
No source other than Hüsameddin was found for his mollalık in Erzurum, his deputy judgeship in Sivas or his seclusion.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 359. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, Supplement to vol. 4, p. 664–666 ("Hacı Alî Bey").
Academic studies
- Mehmet İpşirli, "Dürrîzâde Mustafa Efendi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/durrizade-mustafa-efendi
- Özcan Mert, "Canikli Hacı Ali Paşa Ailesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/canikli-haci-ali-pasa-ailesi
- Yücel Özkaya, "Canikli Ali Paşa", Belleten, 36/144 (October 1972), https://www.belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/453/tur
- Muhammet Okudan, "Hızır Paşa Vakıfları ve Amasya Hızır Paşa Medresesi", İtkan Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2/2 (2025), https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/itkan/article/1652232
Official sources