Merzifonludur. Cin Abdullâh Ağa'nın oğludur. Maktûl Merzifônî Kara Mustafa Paşazâde [41] Alî Paşa'nın kethüdâsı olduğu münâsebetle "Maktûlzâde Kethüdâsı" demekle meşhûrdur. 1139 senesi cemâziyelevvelinin sekizinci günü Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Merzifon a'yânı Tuz Mehmed Ağa da Amasya mütesellimi olup geldi.
Tuz Mehmed Ağa'nın Amasya'ya geldiğini müte'âkib bâ-fermân-ı âlî sâbık mütesellim ve baş a'yân Hacı İbrâhim Bey'i habs ederek zimmetinde olan halkın ve mîrînin matlûbâtını tahsîle kıyâm etdi. Yeğenzâde Hacı Osmân Bey baş a'yân ve Tuz Mehmed Ağa'nın amcazâdesi Kara Mustafâ Ağa da zehâ'ir-i askeriyyenin cem' ve sevkine me'mûr ve Avkatlıoğlu Velî Ağa da Merzifon voyvodası oldu.
Cemâziyelâhirde Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in zimmeti tahsîl edilip kendisi Samsun'a sürülmüş ve orada kale-bend edilerek şâkîleri susdurulmuşdu.
Recebde Emîr Hacı merhûmun servet-i azîmesi vârisleri arasında taksîm edilmesine dâ'ir fermân geldi. Şa'bânda bu emvâli taksîme me'mûren Anadolu kazaskeri Merzifônî Dürrî Mehmed Efendi tarafından kassâm-ı askerî Halîl Bahrî Efendi Amasya'ya geldi. Emîr Hacı metrûkâtını kendisinden önce vefât eden oğlu Hüseyin Ağa'nın oğulları Alî ve Mustafâ [42] Ağalarla iki zevcesi ve iki kızı arasında taksîm ederek külliyetli resm-i kısmet alıp gitdi.
Şevvâlde Amasya mütesellimi Tuz Mehmed Ağa harbe gidip amcazâdesi Kara Mustafâ Ağa bin Mustafâ Ağa Amasya kâ'im-makâmı oldu. Bu sene "Dersi Tamâm" demekle meşhûr Müftüzâde Ömer Efendi bin Abdurrahmân Efendi, Hızır Paşa müderrisi fuzalâ ve şu'arâdan Iydîzâde Âtıf Ahmed Efendi vefât edip Hemedân kalesi muhâfızı ve Dergüzin sancağı beyi ceddim Doğanoğlu Kara Hüseyin Bey bin Abdullâh Bey harb ederken şehîd oldu. Yine bu muhârebede yararlığı görülen Amasya mutasarrıfı Hacı Hüseyin Paşa vezâretle Musul vâlîsi ve Amasya mütesellimi Tuz Mehmed Ağa da Kars beylerbeyi oldu.
In Modern English
He was a man of Merzifon, the son of Cin Abdullah Ağa. Because he was the kethüda (chief assistant who ran the affairs) of Ali Pasha, son of the executed Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, he was known as "Maktulzâde's Steward." On the eighth day of Jumada al-awwal 1139 [1 January 1727] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya; Tuz Mehmed Ağa, of the ayan of Merzifon, came as mütesellim of Amasya (the person who administers the sanjak as the mutasarrıf's deputy).
As soon as Tuz Mehmed Ağa came to Amasya, by imperial decree he imprisoned the former mütesellim and chief ayan Hacı İbrahim Bey and set about collecting the debts owed to the people and to the state treasury that remained on him. Yeğenzâde Hacı Osman Bey became chief ayan; Kara Mustafa Ağa, the son of Tuz Mehmed Ağa's paternal uncle, was charged with collecting and sending the army's provisions; Avkatlıoğlu Velî Ağa also became voivode of Merzifon.
In Jumada al-akhira the debts of Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey were collected; he himself was exiled to Samsun and imprisoned in the castle there, and those complaining about him were silenced.
In Rajab a decree came concerning the distribution of the great wealth of the late Emir Hacı among his heirs. In Shaban Halil Bahrî Efendi, military kassam (the official who divides the estates of those of the military class who die), sent by the kazasker of Anatolia, Dürrî Mehmed Efendi of Merzifon, came to Amasya, charged with distributing these goods. He divided the property Emir Hacı had left among Ali and Mustafa Ağas, sons of his son Hüseyin Ağa, who had died before him, and his two wives and two daughters; for this he took a hefty distribution fee and left.
In Shawwal the mütesellim of Amasya Tuz Mehmed Ağa went to the war; his paternal uncle's son Kara Mustafa Ağa son of Mustafa Ağa became kaymakam (deputy) of Amasya. This year Müftüzâde Ömer Efendi son of Abdurrahman Efendi, known by the epithet "Dersi Tamam," and Iydîzâde Âtıf Ahmed Efendi, müderris of the Hızır Pasha Madrasa, one of the virtuous scholars and poets, died. My grandfather Doğanoğlu Kara Hüseyin Bey son of Abdullah Bey, guardian of Hamadan castle and sanjak governor of Dergüzin, fell a martyr while fighting. Hacı Hüseyin Pasha, mutasarrıf of Amasya, whose usefulness was also seen in this war, became governor of Mosul with the rank of vizier, and the mütesellim of Amasya Tuz Mehmed Ağa became beylerbeyi of Kars.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- maktûl: killed; here the executed Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha is meant
- kethüdâ: chief assistant who runs the affairs of a vizier or an institution, steward
- mutasarrıf: a high-ranking administrator to whom the administration of a sanjak is given
- mütesellim: the deputy who administers the sanjak in the mutasarrıf's name when he is absent
- a'yân, baş a'yân: the notables of a city; the head of them who mediates between the people and the state
- bâ-fermân-ı âlî: by imperial decree
- zimmet: a debt remaining on a person
- mîrî: belonging to the state, to the treasury
- zehâ'ir-i askeriyye: the army's needs of food and fodder
- kale-bend: imprisoned in a fortress
- metrûkât: the property a deceased person leaves behind
- kassâm-ı askerî: the official who divides the estates of those of the military class who die
- resm-i kısmet: the fee for distributing an inheritance
- kâ'im-makâm: deputy
- fuzalâ: virtuous, learned persons
- vezâret: the rank of vizier
The Epithet "Maktulzâde's Steward"
The epithet Hüsameddin uses in introducing Hacı Hüseyin Pasha shows the milieu in which he was raised. Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha was executed after the 1683 defeat at Vienna and is called in the sources, after his death, by the epithet "Maktul." According to Abdülkadir Özcan, the pasha's properties in Anatolia and Rumelia, apart from his palace at Süleymaniye, his waterfront mansion at Eyüp, his palace at Edirne and his farm at Timurtaş, were left to his children, Vizier Ali Pasha and Fatma Hanım; Ali Pasha, called by the epithet "Maktulzâde," held various state posts. He also completed the complex at Çarşıkapı in Istanbul from where his father had begun it. That a man of Merzifon rose from the stewardship of a vizier's family, also from Merzifon, to the pashalık shows how decisive ties of fellow townsmen and of the household (kapı) were in that age. No information on Hacı Hüseyin Pasha himself was found in other sources.
Emir Hacı's Inheritance and Dürrî Mehmed Efendi
Dürrî Mehmed Efendi of Merzifon, who sent the military kassam to divide the inheritance, is the first member of the Dürrîzâde family, which produced six şeyhülislams in the Ottoman learned hierarchy. According to Mehmet İpşirli, he was brought to the kazaskerlik of Anatolia in 1726 as the most senior of the dismissed kadıs of Istanbul; so the title Hüsameddin gives for 1139 [1727] is correct. The estate affairs of those who died of the military class, that is, persons in state service, were within the kazasker's authority; this is why a special official was sent from Istanbul for Emir Hacı's inheritance. According to the same source, Dürrî Efendi was soon dismissed on a complaint that he had acted contrary to procedure in kadı appointments, and in 1734 became şeyhülislam. Hüsameddin records his şeyhülislamate separately a few entries later.
Iydîzâde Âtıf Ahmed Efendi and the Hızır Pasha Madrasa
Iydîzâde Âtıf Ahmed Efendi, whose death is recorded, belongs to the Iydîzâdes, one of the well known scholarly families of Amasya. According to the Türk Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü, the family takes its name from Bayram Efendi, who wrote poetry under the pen name Iydî and served as müderris at the Bayezid II Madrasa; Âtıf Ahmed Efendi is likewise a poet and müderris. His brother Iydîzâde Mustafa Âkif Efendi would later become mufti of Amasya and will often appear in Hüsameddin's later entries. The Hızır Pasha Madrasa where Âtıf Ahmed Efendi taught was part of the complex built in 1466 by Hayreddin Hızır Pasha, brother of Yörgüç Pasha, the lala of Murad II. Of the complex only the mosque and the bath stand today; the madrasa has not reached the present.
The Iranian Front and the Share of the People of Amasya
The war in the last paragraph of the entry is the Ottoman-Iranian war of 1723-1727. The Ottomans had besieged and taken Hamadan in 1724, and then also captured Dergüzin (Dercezin), Sâmin and Astane. On 20 November 1726 the army advancing toward Isfahan was defeated by the Afghan Hotakis at Ancedan and withdrew to Hamadan; the war ended with the Treaty of Hamadan, settled on 4 October 1727. Since the Hijri year 1139 falls roughly between August 1726 and August 1727, Hüsameddin's grandfather Kara Hüseyin Bey's martyrdom at Hamadan and the usefulness shown by the administrators from Amasya occurred during these last clashes. No information on Kara Hüseyin Bey was found in other sources; this record is the author's own family memory.
This entry also shows well the balance between the center and the local powers in Amasya. The former mütesellim Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey is imprisoned over his debts and exiled to Samsun; but the same person will become chief ayan again a few years later and will be mentioned in Hüsameddin's later entries as one side of the quarrel that drove the city into fire. Tuz Mehmed Ağa's rise to the beylerbeyilik of Kars also shows how a provincial ayan family could enter the ranks of the state through usefulness in war.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, Supplement (Bakiyye), p. 639–639. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Official sources
Books
Other sources