Amasyalıdır. Ümerâdan el-Hâc Şehabeddîn Nevrûz Bey bin vezîr Şemseddîn Mahmûd Tuğrâî bin Baba İlyâs Horasânî mahdûmudur. Lakabı Cemaleddîn’dir. Sivas emîr-i kebîri Çobanzâde Timurtaş Bey’in ma’iyyet-i ümerâsından olup 727’de onun Mısır’a firârında Tanun-özü (Mecidözü) etrafında kaldı.
737’de hurûc ve kıyâm eden Emîr Timurtaşoğlu Emîr Şeyh [30] Hasan Sağîr’e müzâheret eden Amasya vâlisi Torumtayzâde Emîr Şerefüddîn Ya’kub Şâh ile birleşti. 744’de Sivas emîri Eretna Bey’e karşı Hasan Sağîr’in açtığı muhârebede maktûl oldu. Meşâhir-i ümerâdan idi. Mahdûmları Hamza, Hızır Beylerdir.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. Hacı Şehabeddîn Nevrûz Bey, one of the emirs, was the son of the vizier Şemseddîn Mahmûd Tuğrâî; Mahmûd Tuğrâî was in turn the son of Baba İlyâs Horasânî. His epithet was Cemaleddîn. He was among the emirs in the entourage of Çobanzâde Timurtaş Bey, the great emir of Sivas; when Timurtaş fled to Egypt in 727 [1326-27], he stayed around Tanun-özü (Mecidözü).
In 737 [1336-37] he joined the governor of Amasya, Torumtayzâde Emîr Şerefüddîn Ya'kub Şâh, who supported Emîr Timurtaşoğlu Emîr Sheikh Hasan the Younger (Sağîr), who had risen in revolt. In 744 [1343-44] he was killed in the war that Hasan the Younger waged against Eretna Bey, emir of Sivas. He was one of the famous emirs. His sons are Hamza and Hızır Beys.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- emîr-i kebîr: great emir, the highest commander of a region
- ma'iyyet: the officers in one's company, entourage
- firâr: flight
- hurûc ve kıyâm: uprising, revolt
- müzâhere: giving support, help
- muhârebe: war, battle
- maktûl: killed
- Sağîr: small; Hasan Sağîr means Hasan the Younger
Timurtaş's Flight to Egypt
The Timurtaş in the text is the son of Emîr Çoban, the Anatolian governor of the Ilkhanid ruler Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan. When his father was killed in 1327, Timurtaş, fearing Abu Sa'id, went to Egypt to take refuge with the Mamluk sultan and left his brother-in-law Alâeddin Eretna as his deputy. The sources record in detail that he set out for Larende on 22 December 1327 and then toward Egypt, was received in Cairo on 21 January 1328, and died there in the summer of 1328. The date 727 given by Hüsameddin agrees, by calculation, with this event falling in December 1327. Nevruz Bey's staying around Tanun-özü during this flight calls to mind the authority vacuum in the region following Timurtaş's departure from Anatolia.
Hasan the Younger and the War of 744
The person Hüsameddin calls "Hasan Sağîr" appears in the sources as Küçük Şeyh Hasan, the Chobanid son of Demirtaş. He defeated Büyük Şeyh Hasan, the Jalayirid, at Aladağ (1337), and Eretna rejected the offer he made for Eretna to submit to him. In 1343 Eretna won the victory of Karanbük against the Chobanid Şeyh Hasan and his ally, and the Chobanid Şeyh Hasan was killed by his wife in December 1343. So Hüsameddin's dates of 737 and 744 fit the years 1336-37 and 1343 in the sources. As for in which clash Nevruz Bey died, I could not find another record; Hüsameddin's war of 744 coincides in time with the victory of Karanbük, but the sources do not say they are the same engagement.
An Emir Descended from Baba İlyas
The presentation of Nevruz Bey's father as a son of Baba İlyas is connected with the genealogical accounts in Hüsameddin's book. In another entry, Hüsameddin tells of the Mesûdiye Hankah in Amasya, where Baba İlyas served as hankah sheikh, and of the sheikh's son Şemseddin Mahmud Tuğrayî becoming vizier of the Seljuk Sultan İzzeddin Keykavus. The same account states that Elvan Çelebi, son of Âşık Paşa, a descendant of Baba İlyas, settled in the Mecidözü area, at Tanun-özü, and in 753 (1352) had a mosque, tomb, zawiya, soup kitchen, and bath built there. Nevruz Bey's staying around Tanun-özü points to the presence of the same lineage in the region. This connection is one drawn within Hüsameddin's own book; Nevruz Bey's name did not appear in a modern source.
Torumtayzâde Ya'kub Şâh
In Amasya the name "Torumtay" is known through the Gökmedrese (1266-1267) built by Seyfeddin Torumtay in the second half of the thirteenth century and through his tomb. It is probable that the epithet "Torumtayzâde" is tied to this family; but no information on Ya'kub Şâh was found in another source. In Amasya in the Eretna period, however, Hacı Şadgeldi is recorded as standing out as an autonomous emir.
The Chobanids, Eretna, and Amasya
During his Anatolian governorship, Timurtaş put pressure on the beyliks of the region; it is recorded that he took Beyşehir and had Süleyman II, the bey of the Eşrefids, drowned in Lake Beyşehir on 9 October 1326, and that he also had Dündar of the Hamidids caught and killed. Eretna, who was left in his place after his flight, worked as deputy of Büyük Şeyh Hasan; in 1341 he declared independence and had the sermon read and coins struck in his own name, first at Sivas and then at Kayseri. After Eretna's independence the order in Amasya also changed: Emîr Doğanşah, said to be the father of Tâceddin Bey, founder of the Tâceddinid beylik, rose against Eretna and seized Amasya, and when he was driven out in 1341 withdrew to the Niksar area; his son Tâceddin Bey later became subject to Hacı Şadgeldi, the Emir of Amasya, and paid tax to the Eretnids. The years in which Nevruz Bey lived coincide with this period of disintegration and reconstitution; Hüsameddin's phrase "Emîr Timurtaşoğlu, who revolted in 737" is a reflection of this confused environment.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 273–273. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Metin Hakverdioğlu, "Hüseyin Hüsameddin Yasar'ın Amasya Tarihi'nde Elvan Çelebi ve Soyu", Elvan Çelebi Sempozyumu bildirisi, 2020.
Other sources