Amasyalıdır. Ümerâdan Nûreddîn Hamza Bey bin Cemâleddîn Firûz Bey bin İzzeddîn Balaban Bey’in mahdûmudur. Amasya emîri Şâdi Bey’in kerîme-zâdesi olup genç iken Hacı Kutlu Şâh’ın maiyyetinde çalışıp züamâdan oldu.
763’de Amasya hükümdârı Şâdgeldi Pâdişâh’nın ümerâsından olup 783’de Kadı Burhân ile Şâdgeldi arasında açılan muhârebede isbât-ı şecâat ederek Şâdgeldizâde Emîr Ahmed Çelebi’ye müzâheret etdi.
788’de Emîr Ahmed Çelebi ile Sultân Murâd Hünkâra arz-ı inkıyâd ve bey’at ederek Mîrlivâ olup 791’de Kosova harbinde şehîden vefât etdi. Sâdık bir merd-i şecî’ idi. Mahdûmları Amasya‘da câmi ve medresesi olan Ya’kub Paşa ile Ermiş köyünde câmii olan Cemâleddîn Firûz Bey Yazârî’dir.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. He was the son of Nûreddîn Hamza Bey, one of the emirs; Hamza Bey was the son of Cemâleddîn Firûz Bey, who was the son of İzzeddîn Balaban Bey. He was a grandson, through his daughter, of Şâdi Bey, the emir of Amasya. In his youth he worked in the entourage of Hacı Kutlu Şâh and became a zeamet holder.
In 763 [1361-62] he was among the emirs of Şâdgeldi Padişah, ruler of Amasya, and in 783 [1381-82], in the war that broke out between Kadı Burhan(eddin) and Şâdgeldi, he showed his valor and supported Şâdgeldizâde Emîr Ahmed Çelebi.
In 788 [1386], together with Emîr Ahmed Çelebi, he submitted to Sultan Murad Hünkâr and pledged allegiance, became a mirliva (sanjak governor), and died as a martyr in the Battle of Kosovo in 791 [1389]. He was a loyal and valiant man. His sons are Yakub Pasha, who has a mosque and madrasa in Amasya, and Cemâleddîn Firûz Bey Yazârî, who has a mosque in the village of Ermiş.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- kerîme-zâde: a daughter's son, grandson
- züamâ: zeamet holders, holders of large military fiefs
- isbât-ı şecâat: showing one's valor
- müzâhere: giving support
- arz-ı inkıyâd ve bey'at: submission and oath of allegiance
- mîrlivâ: sanjak governor
- şehîden vefât: dying as a martyr in battle
- merd-i şecî': a valiant, brave man
Şadgeldi and the Emirate of Amasya
Hacı Şadgeldi Padişah, who appears in the text, was the emir who ruled Amasya from 1359 until his death (1381). His father was Hacı Kutlu Şah; he became emir of Amasya in place of his elder brother Şihabeddin Ahmed Şah, remained loyal to Eretna at first, and after Eretna's death acted autonomously. He received his education in Amasya from Mevlânâ Fahreddin İlyas and was a classmate of Aksarayî. In his second period of rule he made Sirâceddin Muhammed Bey, emir of Niksar, his vizier; Nizâmeddin Mahmud, chief judge of Amasya, kazasker; Aksarayî kadı of Amasya; and Gümüşlüoğlu Hacı Sinâneddin Yusuf defterdar. Hüsameddin's date of 763 fits this period of rule. In 1381 the balance of power around Amasya changed when Eretna's vizier Kadı Burhaneddin seized power; Hüsameddin's war of 783 falls in the years of this struggle. Şadgeldi was succeeded by his son Fahreddin Ahmed.
Kadı Burhaneddin, Ahmed, and the Ottomans
Kadı Burhaneddin made various attempts against Ahmed, the Emir of Amasya, plundered Merzifon, and in 1393 came again, set up camp in Merzifon, and sent troops to Amasya. Yıldırım Bayezid also reached Merzifon with a large army and took the city. I could not find a detailed record that supports or refutes Hüsameddin's date of 788 (1386) for the declaration of allegiance; although one source says that Amasya was joined to Ottoman lands in 1386, this statement may describe a relationship of allegiance rather than a definite annexation.
The Battle of Kosovo
In the First Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Anatolian beyliks that had become vassals were also present in the Ottoman army. Hamza Bey's falling as a martyr in this battle is consistent with this information. But since Hamza Bey's name does not appear in the sources describing the battle, this information rests only on Hüsameddin.
His Son Yakub Pasha and the Çilehâne Lodge
The building known among the people of Amasya as the Çilehâne Lodge was founded in 1412 in the Pîrler quarter by Pazarlıoğlu Yâkub Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Ankara, and its endowment deed was registered in February 1413 by Mevlânâ Rükneddin Mahmud, kadı of Amasya. Hüsameddin said that the lodge lay inside the Yâkub Pasha Mansion. Whether this Yakub Pasha is Hüsameddin's "Yakub Pasha Yazarlızâde" is not stated in the sources; the epithets "Pazarlıoğlu" and "Yazarlızâde" are also different. It is likewise unclear whether the building Hüsameddin calls "mosque and madrasa" is the same as the lodge. No information was found in another source on Cemâleddîn Firûz Bey Yazârî or his mosque in the village of Ermiş.
Conflict After Eretna and Kadı Burhaneddin
In the Eretna Beylik, Alâeddin Ali Bey's seven-year-old son Mehmed II was placed on the throne in his stead, and with the approval of the vizier Kadı Burhaneddin, Kılıçarslan of the Seljuk dynasty was appointed deputy (nâib). The struggle for power that began after a while between Kılıçarslan and Kadı Burhaneddin ended in 1381 with the elimination of Kılıçarslan and his supporters; Kadı Burhaneddin, having seized power, became Mehmed Bey's deputy the same year. That Hüsameddin describes in 783 a war between Kadı Burhan and Şâdgeldi thus coincides with 1381, the year of Şadgeldi's death.
According to the entry describing the First Battle of Kosovo, most Ottoman sources focus on the death of Murad I; the sources disagree on the course of the battle. The general assessment is that the Ottoman army remained on the defensive on the field and that the Serbian joint army carried out the attack. The record stating that Hamza Bey fell as a martyr in this clash is consistent with the information that one of the Anatolian beys took part in the battle, but his own name does not appear in these accounts.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 273–273. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources