Kedağralı (Köprü)dır. Tutuşoğlu demekle meşhûr olan Emîr Sâdeddîn Ömer Bey bin Mahmûd Şâh bin Beylerbeyi Mübârizeddîn Tutuş Bey’in mahdûmudur. Pederi Emîrdâd ve sonra Emîr Çelebi demekle meşhûr olup Kedağra’nın şimdiki Ortaklar nâhiyesi bunun çiftliği olduğundan buralara Emîrdâd nâhiyesi denmişti.
Bunun vefâtında hâkim olduğu Kedağra ve Zeytûn Kazâsı oğulları Taşan, Zekeriya, İdris Beyler arasında taksîm edilip Zeytûn ve Göl nâhiyeleri sâhib-i tercemeye isâbet ederek buralara hâkim oldu.
Mu’ahharan büyük birâderi Emîr Celâleddîn Taşan Bey’in nüfûzuna karşı duramadığından ona inkıyâd edib vefâtına kadar hâkimâne yaşadı. 761 hudûnda vefât etdi. [31] Bu da meşâhir-i ümerâdan idi.
In Modern English
He was from Kedağra (Köprü). He was the son of Emîr Sâdeddîn Ömer Bey, famous as Tutuşoğlu; Ömer Bey was the son of Mahmûd Şâh, who was the son of the Beylerbeyi Mübârizeddîn Tutuş Bey. His father was known as Emîrdâd and later as Emîr Çelebi, and since the present sub-district (nahiye) of Ortaklar in Kedağra was his farm, these places had been called the nahiye of Emîrdâd.
When his father died, the district (kazâ) of Kedağra and Zeytun, which he had ruled, was divided among his sons Taşan, Zekeriya, and İdris Beys; the nahiyes of Zeytun and Göl fell to the subject of this entry, and he ruled them.
Later, since he could not stand against the influence of his elder brother Emîr Celâleddîn Taşan Bey, he submitted to him and lived as a ruler until his death. He died around 761 [1359-60]. He too was one of the famous emirs.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- beylerbeyi: chief of beys and commanders, the highest administrator of a region
- nâhiye: sub-district, an administrative unit below the kaza
- kazâ: the jurisdiction of a kadı, a district-like administrative unit
- inkıyâd: submission, allegiance
- hâkim: a person who holds the administration of a place
- meşâhir-i ümerâ: famous emirs
The Kedağra and Zeytun Region
Kedağra also appears in the sources as Gedegra. In the Ottoman period it is mentioned, along with Gümüş, Zeytun, and Simre-i Lâdik, among the districts attached to the sanjak of Amasya; in the records of 1576-1577 the number of districts in the sanjak had reached seven, including Gedegra and Zeytun. So the two units Hüsameddin calls "the kaza of Kedağra and Zeytun" continued as separate units in later Ottoman administration. The Merzifon area is a neighbor of this region; it is told that Merzifon was taken by the Danishmendid commander İltekin Gazi, came in later centuries under the rule of the Ilkhanids and the Eretna Beylik, and then became an arena of rivalry among local beyliks.
The Tutuşoğulları and the Taşanoğulları
It comes to mind that the family Hüsameddin calls "Tutuşoğlu" is related to the beylik known in the sources as the "Taşanoğulları"; but the sources do not explicitly make this link. In a list of beyliks the Taşanoğulları appear as a beylik centered on Merzifon and ending in 1398; no detailed account is given. An article studying Amasya politics in the time of Kadı Burhaneddin tells that "Taşanoğlu Umur Bey" fell into dispute with Kılıç Arslan, of Seljuk descent, who regarded the district of Havza as his own farm, and that order was disrupted in the districts of Havza and Köprü. This Umur Bey may be the same person as "Zekeriyâ Bey son of Umur Bey" in Hüsameddin's entry 18; "Taşanoğlu" may also be thought of as a family name. Since the sources do not explicitly make this link, I leave it only as a possibility.
Disintegration After Eretna
Because state authority could not be established under Alâeddin Ali Bey in the Eretna Beylik, among the Eretnid emirs Hacı Şadgeldi acted independently in Amasya, Mutahharten in Erzincan, Tâceddin in Niksar, Hacı İbrahim in Sivas, and Şeyh Necib in Tokat. The small lordships Hüsameddin describes in the Kedağra, Havza, Merzifon, and Zeytun region are local examples of this disintegration. In Hüsameddin's account, İdris Bey's submission to his elder brother Taşan Bey gives the impression that Taşan was the strongest among the brothers.
No information was found in another source on the present state of the Ortaklar nahiye or on the period in which the name "nahiye of Emîrdâd" was used. No other record on İdris Bey himself could be found either.
The Concepts of Nahiye and Kaza
The Ottoman-administration equivalents of the words "nahiye" and "kaza" in the text are also helpful. At the beginning of the sixteenth century the sanjak of Amasya consisted of the central district of Amasya and the districts of Lâdik and Merzifon; at that time the central district had six nahiyes and 321 villages. In 1576-1577 the number of districts in the sanjak rose to seven, including Gümüş, Gedegra, Zeytun, and Simre-i Lâdik; at the end of the nineteenth century the sanjak of Amasya, attached to the province of Sivas, was divided into eight districts: Merkez, Merzifon, Vezirköprü, Osmancık, Gümüşhacıköy, Lâdik, Havza, and Mecidözü. Thus it is understood that the names Kedağra, Zeytun, Havza, and Merzifon that Hüsameddin mentions for the fourteenth century lived on in later centuries as regional administrative units.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 273–273. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources