AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

İdris Bey (Hacı Beyzâde)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 274 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Çelebi Sultân Mehmed ve şehzâdesi Sultân Murâd-ı [33] Sânî ümerâsından Hamza Bey bin el-Hâc İlyâs Bey bin Hamza Bey bin İdris Bey bin el-Hâc Nevrûz Bey’in mahdûmudur. Bu da züamâdan, ba’dehû meşâhir-i ümerâdan olup 857’de İstanbul fethinde şehîden vefât etdi. Ni’me’l-ceyşdendir. Mahdûmu el-Hâc Pervîz Bey de kibâr-ı ümerâdan idi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was from Amasya. He was the son of Hamza Bey, one of the emirs of Çelebi Sultan Mehmed and his son Sultan Murad II; Hamza Bey was the son of Hacı İlyas Bey, who was the son of Hamza Bey, who was the son of İdris Bey, who was the son of Hacı Nevrûz Bey. He too was a zeamet holder and later one of the famous emirs, and he died as a martyr at the conquest of Istanbul in 857 [1453]. He was a fine soldier (ni'me'l-ceyş). His son Hacı Pervîz Bey was also one of the great emirs.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mahdûm: son
  • züamâ: zeamet holders
  • meşâhir-i ümerâ: famous emirs
  • şehîden vefât: dying as a martyr in battle
  • ni'me'l-ceyş: what a fine army, what a fine soldier; an Arabic phrase of praise
  • kibâr-ı ümerâ: the great emirs

The Years When Amasya Was the City of Princes

The names "Çelebi Sultan Mehmed" and "Sultan Murad II" in the text recall the period when Amasya was the city in which Ottoman princes were trained. Until the middle of the sixteenth century, Amasya was one of the main centers to which Ottoman princes were sent to gain administrative experience; beginning with Çelebi Mehmed, Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, and Bayezid II served there as sanjak governors, and Murad II's son Alâeddin and Bayezid II's son Prince Ahmed also served there. The death in 1443 of Mehmed the Conqueror's elder brother, Prince Alâeddin Ali Çelebi, while governor of Amasya made Mehmed the sole heir to the throne. In this framework, Hamza Bey's being mentioned as an emir of two sultans reflects the relationship of Amasya's local families with the Ottoman dynasty.

The Siege of Istanbul in 1453

The siege of Istanbul lasted fifty-four days, from 26 Rebîülevvel to 20 Cemâziyelevvel 857 (6 April to 29 May 1453). Hüsameddin's date of 857 fits this span. That Hamza, a bey from Amasya, died in this siege is not separately mentioned in the sources; the information rests only on Hüsameddin.

The Known Links of the Family

The genealogical chain in the entry runs from Hacı Nevruz Bey down to Hamza. Hamza's son Hacı Pervîz Bey may be the same person as the Hacı Pervîz Bey mentioned in the lineage of Edâyî Receb Bey in entry 11 as treasurer of Bayezid II in Amasya; this is possible in terms of time, but Hüsameddin does not say so explicitly. I could not find Pervîz Bey's name in sources describing Amasya in the time of Bayezid. For this reason, the family's place in Amasya and Pervîz Bey's office rest only on Hüsameddin's account. A striking detail is this: the encyclopedia entry on Mehmed the Conqueror writes that in 858 (1454) the Ottoman fleet's Aegean campaign under the command of Hamza Bey produced no result. This name may look like a contradiction for the Hamza Bey of Amasya whom Hüsameddin says died in 857; but Hamza is a very common name, and the sources do not link the fleet commander to Hamza of Amasya, so it is highly likely that he was another person. No information was found in other sources on Hamza Bey or on his son Pervîz Bey themselves.

Preparation for and Course of the Siege of Istanbul

The background of the siege in which Hamza Bey fell as a martyr is also described in the sources. Mehmed the Conqueror came to the throne in 1451, had the Boğazkesen Fortress built in 1452 opposite Anadoluhisarı, and the fortress was completed at the end of August of the same year; then the sultan notified the emperor to surrender Istanbul, saying that otherwise he should prepare for war. In the fourth week of May a decision for a general assault was made in the war council. Both Ottoman and Byzantine sources list the demolition of the walls by cannon and the wounding of the chief defense commander Giovanni Giustiniani Longo and his relinquishing of command as the main events that affected the outcome. On the day of the assault the army entered the city through breaches opened between Topkapı and Yalıkapı. These details suggest in what circumstances Hamza Bey's death in the year 857 may have occurred; but there is no record of him himself.

Bibliography

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