AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

İshak Paşa — Hacı Kutlu Şâhzâde

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 284 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Ümerâdan İbrâhim Bey bin İsa Bey [66] bin Mustafa Bey bin Hacı Şadgeldi Paşa bin Hacı Kutlu Şâh mahdûmudur. Amasya‘da doğup İnegöl’de büyüdü. Ba’dehû Mirlivâ olarak şehzâdeliğinde Sultân Fatih Mehmed Hân’ın lalası oldu.¹⁰⁴

855’de müşârün-ileyhin cülûsunu müteâkib Kocaeli Beylerbeyi oldu. İstanbul’un fethinde tedbîr ve şecâati Fatih Sultân’ın takdîrâtını celb ederek 861’de Anadolu Beylerbeyi olup Ankara’da sekiz yıl kadar icrâ-yı vilâyet etdi.

868’de vezîr-i sânî olarak İstanbul’a gelip Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn’da kubbe-nişîn oldu. 870’de Baba Nakkaş Mehmed Çelebi’ye verilen Temlîk-nâme-i Hümâyûn’da vezîr-i sânî olarak “İshak bin İbrâhim el-Vezîr” diye imzâsı görüldü. Vezîr-i a’zam “Mahmûd Paşa bin Abdullah” tan sonra imzâ etmişdi.

875’de Mahmûd Paşa’nın sadâretden azlinde Sadr-ı a’zam olup iki yıl kadar makâm-ı sadârette kaldı. 877’de Rum Mehmed Paşa’nın si’âyesiyle azledilip Selânik vâliliğine gönderildi. 868 senesi muhareminde İstanbul muhâfızı [67] nasb edilerek İstanbul’a geldi.

Sene-i mezbûrenin rebîülevvelinde Fatih Sultân Mehmed Hân Gebze’de vefât eylediğinden makâm-ı saltanata Amasya vâlisi Sultân Bâyezîd Hân’ın da’vetini ta’cîl etdiği esnâda Sadr-ı a’zam Karamanî Mehmed Paşa da Karaman vâlisi Şehzâde Sultân Cem’i da’vet etmişdi.

Bundan dolayı Yeniçeriler arasında hudûs eden fitneden Sadr-ı a’zam maktûlen vefât etdi. Bu fitneyi teskîn için Sultân Bâyezîd’in vusûlüne kadar muvakkaten şehzâdesi Sultân Korkut Hân’ı taht-ı saltanata iclâs ederek fitneyi bastırdı.

Müteâkiben Sultân Bâyezîd Hân, Amasya’dan gelip taht-ı saltanata cülûs etdikde ikinci defa Sadr-ı a’zam oldu. Bu defasında üç yıl kadar makâm-ı sadâretde kalıp 889 senesi muharreminde azledildi. Müteâkiben yine Selânik vâlisi olup 891 senesi zilhiccesinde vakfiyesini tanzîm etdirdi. 892 senesi rebiülevvelinde vefât etdi.

Sadr-ı müşârün-ileyh gâyet müdebbir, şecî’, mukdim, sâdık, [68] kerîm, âlî-himmet, hayrât ve hasenâta mâil, gâyet zengin bir zât idi. İstanbul’da Ayasofya’nın kıble tarafında nâmıyla meşhûr bir mahallesi ve câmii vardır. Kezâlik İnegöl’de câmii, imâreti, mektebi ve Selânik’de mahallesi ve câmii vardır.

İzmit, Ankara, İstanbul, Selânik’de nâmıyla meşhûr hamamları, çiftlikleri, akârât-ı azîmesi, arâzi-i memlûkesi hayrât-ı şerîfe mevkûftur. İki büyük vakfiyesi manzûrum oldu. Bu vakfiyelerinde mahdûmları Pîrî, Şâdi Beylerle kerîmeleri Hafsa, Şehzâde hâtunlar mezkûrdur.

Birinci dâmâdı Gedik Ahmed Paşa bin Abdullah Bey olup ikinci dâmâdı Nişâncı Ahmed Paşa bin Hamza Bey’dir. Şehzâde Hâtun’un Amasya‘da evkâfı vardır. Mahdûmlarından Şâdi Paşa Amasya Vâlisi olmuşdu. Bunun mahdûmları İbrâhim, İshak Beylerdir. Pîrî Beyzâde Mehmed, İsa Beylerdir.

Footnotes

  • 104 Tarihlerimizde ve hâssaten “Sicill-i Osmanî”de üç İshak Paşa’nın tercemesi birleştirilmiştir. Birincisi Kralzâde İshak Paşa’dır ki Sultan Murad-ı Sânî vezîr ve musâhibi idi. İkincisi Sarı İshak Paşa’dır ki Yeniçeri Ağalığından Beylerbeyi, ba’dehû vezîr olup 878’de maktûlen vefât etdi. Üçüncüsü bu zât olup tercemesi kuyûd-ı vakfiye ve tarihiyye ile sâbittir. Paşa Yiğit Bey’in kölesi, birinci İshak Paşa’dır.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was from Amasya. He was the son of İbrâhim Bey bin İsa Bey bin Mustafa Bey bin Hacı Şadgeldi Paşa bin Hacı Kutlu Şah, one of the emirs. He was born in Amasya and grew up in İnegöl. Later, as a sanjak governor, he became lala of Sultan Fâtih Mehmed Han in his princely days.

In 855 [1451-52], after the accession of the one named, he became beylerbeyi of Kocaeli. In the conquest of Istanbul his prudence and courage won the admiration of Sultan Fâtih, and in 861 [1456-57] he became beylerbeyi of Anatolia and governed in Ankara for about eight years.

In 868 [1463-64] he came to Istanbul as second vizier and joined the viziers under the dome in the Imperial Council. In 870 [1465-66] his signature was seen as second vizier, as "İshak bin İbrâhim el-Vezîr", on the imperial deed of grant of property (Temlîk-nâme-i Hümâyûn) given to Baba Nakkaş Mehmed Çelebi. He had signed after the grand vizier "Mahmud Paşa bin Abdullah".

In 875 [1470-71], at the dismissal of Mahmud Paşa from the grand vizierate, he became grand vizier and remained in that office for about two years. In 877 [1472-73], at the slander of Rum Mehmed Paşa, he was dismissed and sent to the governorship of Salonica. In the month of Muharram 868 he was appointed guardian of Istanbul and came to Istanbul.

In the month of Rebîülevvel of the same year Fâtih Sultan Mehmed Han died at Gebze, and while he was hastening the summoning to the throne of the governor of Amasya, Sultan Bayezid Han, the grand vizier Karamânî Mehmed Paşa had also summoned the governor of Karaman, Prince Sultan Cem.

Because of the disorder that arose among the Janissaries as a result, the grand vizier was killed and died. To calm this disorder he seated his son Sultan Korkut Han on the throne of the sultanate temporarily until Sultan Bayezid's arrival, and suppressed the disorder.

Then, when Sultan Bayezid Han came from Amasya and ascended the throne, he became grand vizier for the second time. This time he remained in the office of grand vizier for about three years and was dismissed in the month of Muharram 889 [January-February 1484]. Then he again became governor of Salonica and had his waqf deed drawn up in the month of Zilhicce 891 [November-December 1486]. He died in the month of Rebîülevvel 892 [February-March 1487].

The grand vizier in question was an extremely prudent, brave, bold, loyal, generous, high-spirited man, fond of charity and good works, and very rich. In Istanbul, on the qibla side of Hagia Sophia, there is a quarter and a mosque famous by his name. Likewise he has a mosque, a soup kitchen and a school in İnegöl, and a quarter and a mosque in Salonica.

His baths famous by his name in İzmit, Ankara, Istanbul and Salonica, his farms, his income-yielding properties and the lands he owned have been endowed to charitable works. I have seen his two great waqf deeds. In these waqf deeds his sons Pîrî and Şâdi Beys and his daughters Hafsa and the Şehzâde Hatuns are mentioned.

His first son-in-law is Gedik Ahmed Paşa bin Abdullah Bey, and his second son-in-law is Nişancı Ahmed Paşa bin Hamza Bey. Şehzâde Hatun has waqfs in Amasya. Of his sons, Şâdi Paşa had been governor of Amasya. His sons are İbrâhim and İshak Beys. The sons of Pîrî Bey are Mehmed and İsa Beys.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mîrlivâ: sanjak governor, the administrator and commander of a sanjak
  • lala: a high-ranking statesman in charge of a prince's upbringing and education
  • müşârün-ileyh: the person mentioned, the one referred to
  • cülûs: accession to the throne
  • beylerbeyi: the highest administrator and commander of a province
  • vezîr-i sânî: second vizier
  • kubbe-nişîn: one of the viziers under the dome; the vizier who sat beneath the dome where the Council met
  • Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn: the Imperial Council that conducted state affairs in the sultan's name
  • Temlîk-nâme-i Hümâyûn: a document by which the sultan granted property to a person
  • sadr-ı a'zam: grand vizier
  • si'âye: slander, carrying words against someone
  • muhâfız: guardian, official responsible for the security of a city
  • iclâs: seating
  • hudûs: arising, occurring
  • müdebbir: prudent, one who manages affairs wisely
  • mukdim: bold, one who advances with courage
  • hayrât ve hasenât: charitable works and good deeds
  • akârât: income-yielding properties
  • mevkûf: endowed as a waqf
  • vakfiye: the document that records the founding and conditions of a waqf
  • dâmâd: son-in-law

Which İshak Paşa This Is

According to Hüsameddin's footnote, the biographies of three İshak Paşas have been merged in the histories, and especially in the Sicill-i Osmânî. The first is Kralzâde İshak Paşa, vizier and companion of Murad II; the second is Sarı İshak Paşa, who rose from the post of Janissary agha to beylerbeyi and then vizier and was killed in 878; the third is the subject of this entry, whose biography is settled by waqf-deed records and historical documents. The footnote also says that the slave of Paşa Yiğit Bey was the first İshak Paşa.

Present-day research also supports this distinction. According to the entry on İshak Paşa, the lives and offices of two İshak Paşas living in the same period have often been confused. One is İshak bin Abdullah, whose signature is on the testament of Murad II and who was raised in the Enderun and rose to the post of treasurer; the other is İshak bin İbrâhim, who from his waqf deed is understood to have been a man of İnegöl belonging to an old Turkish family like the Çandarlıs. The one who had many charitable works built and took the office of grand vizier several times is the second. This corresponds to the entry Hüsameddin devotes to İshak Paşa son of İbrâhim Bey.

The two accounts differ on family origin. Hüsameddin writes that İshak Paşa was born in Amasya and grew up in İnegöl and that he descended from Hacı Kutlu Şah. The modern entry, relying on the waqf deed, says he was from İnegöl and that his early years and his entry into state service are unknown. The descent from Kutlu Şah is not found in that research. In the sixth volume of his book Hüsameddin writes that İshak Paşa's father İbrâhim Bey was removed from Amasya with his family in 831 [1427-28] because of the Affair of the Princes and settled in İnegöl; this explains his growing up in İnegöl. The same entry also says that İbrâhim Bey was lala and counsellor of Mehmed the Conqueror, fell as a martyr in the conquest of Istanbul in 857 [1453], and that his sons were Ya'kûb Bey and İshak Paşa. That is, the post of lala is given to the father in a record other than this entry. The modern entry contains no information that İshak Paşa served as lala to the Conqueror.

His Years in Office

İshak Paşa's first office in the official records is the beylerbeyiship of Anatolia in 868 (1463-64); his later offices up to Bayezid II's accession could not be determined with certainty. The order in this entry is different: Hüsameddin places the beylerbeyiship of Kocaeli in 855, the beylerbeyiship of Anatolia in 861, the second vizierate in 868 and the grand vizierate in 875. In the third volume of the book other years appear: his going to Ankara as beylerbeyi of Anatolia in 864, his becoming third vizier in 871 and grand vizier in 874, and Sarı İshak Paşa being put in his place in 877. The modern entry writes that Hüsameddin shows him as third vizier in 871 and grand vizier in 874, and adds that Kemalpaşazâde reports the grand vizier's dismissal in 876 (1471). The third volume also says that in the month of Zilhicce 888 [around January 1484] İshak Paşa was removed from the grand vizierate and made governor of Salonica. It thus appears that Hüsameddin's years shift by a year or two from the sources and that there are sequences in his own book that do not agree with each other.

The year in the sentence "in the month of Muharram 868 he was appointed guardian of Istanbul" also seems inconsistent: the event tied to Fâtih's death in the same paragraph took place in 1481, that is in 886 of the Hijra, and the modern source writes that İshak Paşa was guardian of Istanbul at the time of Fâtih's death. The year 868 in the text may therefore be a miswriting of 886; this is an inference.

Fâtih's Death and Bayezid II's Accession

The events Hüsameddin tells largely agree with the modern source. When Fâtih died in 1481, İshak Paşa, then guardian of Istanbul, sent Bayezid a letter of invitation asking him to come as soon as possible, and reported that revolts had broken out and that he was having difficulty keeping the soldiers in Istanbul occupied. Wanting to secure Bayezid's accession, and against the danger that Cem in Konya might cut off his way, he seated Bayezid's son Korkut, who was then in Istanbul, on the throne as deputy of the sultanate in his father's name. He himself ran the state both as guardian of Istanbul and as atabey of the deputy. It is also written that Karamânî Mehmed Paşa and some troublemakers were removed. Thanks to the standing of his son-in-law Gedik Ahmed Paşa among the soldiers he succeeded in calming the Janissaries, and by pressing Bayezid, who wanted to cross from Üsküdar to Istanbul on 19 or 21 May 1481, he obtained the vizierate for himself.

That Gedik Ahmed Paşa was İshak Paşa's son-in-law agrees with Hüsameddin's record of a "first son-in-law". According to the entry on Gedik Ahmed Paşa this marriage must have taken place in the years after the death of Ahmed Paşa's earlier wife Fahri Hatun in the 1460s; Ahmed Paşa became beylerbeyi of Anatolia in place of İshak Paşa after 1462. Although his father-in-law took Bayezid's side, Gedik Ahmed Paşa took no open stand between Cem and Bayezid. The modern entry notes that the sudden execution of İshak Paşa's son-in-law Gedik Ahmed Paşa was the end of the pasha's power. The Nişancı Ahmed Paşa bin Hamza Bey whom Hüsameddin calls the "second son-in-law" could not be verified in these sources.

The modern entry writes that in the summer of 888 (1483), pleading old age and illness, İshak Paşa withdrew from the grand vizierate and that Bayezid II sent him to the sanjak of Salonica; Hüsameddin says he was dismissed in Muharram 889. The year of death is 892 in both sources. Hüsameddin says Rebîülevvel; from the gravestone of his tomb in İnegöl the death is understood to be 4 Safar 892 (30 January 1487); according to the record this grave was removed in 1937 and its stones carried into the tomb.

His Waqfs and Buildings

The charitable works Hüsameddin lists are largely confirmed by other sources too. The complex in İnegöl forms the centre of the town; it consisted of a mosque, a madrasa, a tomb, a soup kitchen, an inn and stables, and of these the soup kitchen, inn and stables have not survived to our day. The mosque is said, as understood from the waqf deed, to have been finished before 873 (1468-69), and the madrasa, according to the inscription over the lecture-hall door, to have been completed in 887 (1482). The hexagonal tomb to the southwest of the mosque was built, as understood from the waqf deed, for the pasha's wife Tâcünnisâ Sultan Hatun, who belonged to the İsfendiyaroğulları dynasty.

The Alaca İmaret Mosque in Salonica was built, according to the inscription over its door, in Muharram 889 (February 1484); an Arabic waqf deed of 892 (1487) also regulates the staff, duties and revenues of the soup kitchen. It takes its name from the red diamond motif on the minaret shaft. It is a soup kitchen under the direction of a sheikh in which passers-by were hosted. After Salonica passed to Greek rule in 1912 the minaret of the mosque was destroyed; the building is not used as a mosque today and, according to one source, is under restoration. The İshak Paşa Mosque and Bath in Cankurtaran, Istanbul, is a square-plan single-domed building without a construction inscription; the bath next to it was, at the time the entry was written, neglected and used as a depot. It is noted that there is confusion about which İshak Paşa was the founder of these buildings, but that the waqfs in Istanbul are guessed to belong, like the works in İnegöl and Salonica, to İshak bin İbrâhim of İnegöl. A bridge near Kyustendil, a zâviye in Kütahya and a bath and fountain in Edirne are also attributed to him. The baths and farms in İzmit and Ankara that Hüsameddin mentions are not named in these sources and could not be verified.

There is also a fine difference over the date of the waqf deed: Hüsameddin places it in Zilhicce 891 (1486); the modern entry gives the deed as Safar 891 (February 1486) and the supplementary document as Cemâziyelevvel 892 (May 1487).

His Children and His Tie to Amasya

Hüsameddin lists his sons Pîrî and Şâdi Beys and his daughters Hafsa and Şehzâde Hatun; the modern entry mentions the children Pîrî Bey and Şehzade Sultan from his marriage to Tâcünnisâ Sultan Hatun of the İsfendiyaroğulları dynasty, and, according to the waqf deed, also İbrâhim Bey, Şâdî Bey and Hafsa Hatun. According to Hüsameddin's entry on Pîrî Bey in the seventh volume, Pîrî Bey was raised at his father's side, was among the treasury scribes in the time of Fâtih, became accountant and treasurer of Anatolia, was sent to Amasya after his father's death as treasurer of Prince Ahmed, and died in 916 [1510-11]. The modern entry says Pîrî Bey was treasurer of Prince Bayezid and Şâdî Bey, from 1504, of Şehinşah, son of Bayezid II. This shows the tie of İshak Paşa's family to the princely court at Amasya; the pasha himself is also considered likely to have been among the group in Amasya who supported Prince Bayezid.

Hüsameddin's eleventh volume describes Şâdî Paşa as a statesman raised in Amasya: he entered the palace while Bayezid II was governor of Amasya, around 913 became beylerbeyi of Kefe, in 918 beylerbeyi of Amasya, in 924 beylerbeyi of Sivas, then beylerbeyi of Karaman-Konya and for a short time kapudan pasha, and he died in Konya in 930 [1524]. The Great Bath in Havza is his waqf. According to the entry "Şehzâde Hâtun" in the same volume, İshak Paşa's daughter Şehzâde Hatun was the wife of the vizier Mehmed Paşa, son of Hızır Paşa; when her husband became lala of Prince Ahmed she came with him to Amasya, had a school built in Amasya, died in 910 [1504-05] and was buried in her tomb near the Tomb of Pîr İlyas.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 284–284. amasya.bel.tr
  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, 2022, vol. 6, entry "İbrâhim Bey-Hacı Şâdgeldi Paşazâde", p. 30; vol. 7, entry "Pîrî Bey-İshâk Paşazâde", p. 451; vol. 11, entries "Şâdî Paşa-İshâk Paşazâde", p. 366-367, and "Şehzâde Hâtun-İshak Paşazâde", p. 417; vol. 3, entry "Sultân Bâyezîd Hân-ı Sânî".

Academic studies

Other sources

Volume 7 contents

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