Sultân Bâyezîd-i Sânî'nin kahrına uğrayan Hamza Beyzâde vezîr [279] Mustafa Paşa'nın oğludur. Bursa sicillinde görüldüğü üzere 903’de Bursa ve 918'de Bolu mutasarrıfı olup 921 senesi zilka'desinde Amasya beylerbeyi olarak geldi.
921 senesi zilhiccesinin on birinci günü Amasya'nın meşâhîr-i ulemâsından Bâlîzâde Abdurrahmân Efendi vefât edib Hacı Hamza Bey Câmii hazîresine defn edildi. Pederine "Cem Bâlî Çelebi" denirdi.
922 senesi saferinde beylerbeyi Mehmed Paşa Mısır harbine me'mûr olup ma'iyyet-i askeriyyesiyle beraber gitdi. Amasya muhâfazasına kibâr-ı ümerâdan Burâk Beyzâde Hüseyin Bey'in birâderi Hacı Ahmed Bey ve sipâhî kethüdâ yeri Sofizâde Mehmed Ağa me'mûr oldu.
Bu esnâda Îrân'a firâr eden şehzâde Murâd Bey derviş kıyâfetiyle Amasya'ya gelip ağniyâdan Sabuncuoğlu İbrâhim Çelebi hânesinde bir müddet kaldı. Sonra gizlice çıkıp gitdi. Sultân Ahmedliler'le görüşüp hayli müzâkereler etdi.
Mukaddemen fermânlı olan Kutbeddîn Îsâ Efendi, bir yolunu bulup kendisini afv etdirmiş, üstelik olarak Bolu kadısı olmuşdu. Mehmed Paşa Bolu'da iken azl edildiğinden ve Mehmed Paşa da Mısır harbine gitdiğinden Amasya'ya gelip eski yoldaşlarına kavuşmuşdu.
Ahvâl-i harbiyyeden dolayı Amasya vilâyetinin kuvve-i umûmiyyesi Mısır üzerine gitmiş olmasından bi'l-istifâde ma'hûd Celâl ve Zünnûn Babalar yine ayaklandılar. Başlarına topladıkları on bin kadar haşerâtla Amasya havâlîsini vurmağa başladılar. [280]
922 senesi şa'bânının on beşinci cum'a gecesi İstanbul'da Rûmeli kazaskeri olan Amasyalı Mü'eyyedzâde Abdurrahmân Efendi vefât edib Ebû Eyyûb-ı Ensârî Türbesi civârında kabr-i mahsûsuna defn edildi.
Bu esnâda Amasya'da Üçler'den Kutub ve Gıyâs'ın mefsedeti yüzünden Celâlîler Amasya'nın havâlîsinde şiddetle tahrîbâta devâm ederek Amasya'yı ikinci def'a basmak üzere Ferhâd Boğazı'na kadar gelip çatdılar.
Fakat boğazın her iki tarafına yerleşdirilen toplarla tîrendâzlar eşkıyâyı şehre girmekden men' ediyor, Amasya muhâfızı Hacı Ahmed Bey gücü yetdiği kadar çalışıyordu. Halk ramazânı büyük bir heyecân içinde geçirmişdi.
Amasya muhâfızı Hacı Ahmed Bey, etrâf ümerâsından istimdâd etmekle beraber eli silah tutanları silahlandırmışdı. Çünkü Celâlîler Amasya'nın garb ve cenûb taraflarından ta'arruz etmeğe başlamışlardı. Buralarda kuvvet yokdu.
922 senesi şevvâlinin evâhirinde Celâlîler şehre kadar girdiler. Şehrin müdâfi'leri ve halkı mukâvemet ederek karşı durdular. Hâricden gelip imdâda yetişen Keyvân Ağazâde Rüstem, Hacı Beyzâde Mîrzâ Beyler olanca kuvvetleriyle eşkıyâ üzerine saldırdılar.
Amasya'nın içinde cereyân eden kanlı bir mücâdeleden sonra Celâlîler büyük zâyi'ât verdiler. Nihâyet kaçıp gitdiler. Fakat şehrin etrâfını talan ve harâb etdiler. Bu esnâda Amasya beylerbeyi Mehmed Paşa, Mercidâbık [281] muhârebesinde şehîd oldu.
Sultân Selîm, Amasya vak'asına Şâm'da muttali' oldukda derhâl afv ve ıtlâk etdiği Şâdî Paşa'yı ikinci def'a Amasya beylerbeyiliğine ve tahkîkâta da defterdâr Amasyalı Kadızâde Mehmed Çelebi'yi nasb ve irsâl etdi.
In Modern English
He is the son of the vizier Hamza Beyzade Mustafa Pasha, who had incurred the wrath of Bayezid II. As seen in the Bursa register, he was Bey of Bursa in 903 and mutasarrıf of Bolu in 918, and came as beylerbeyi of Amasya in Dhu al-Qa'da of the year 921.
On the eleventh day of Dhu al-Hijja of the year 921, Bâlîzade Abdurrahman Efendi, one of the well-known scholars of Amasya, died and was buried in the cemetery of the Hacı Hamza Bey Mosque. His father was called "Cem Bâlî Çelebi."
In Safar of the year 922 the beylerbeyi Mehmed Pasha was assigned to the Egyptian war and went with his military retinue. For the protection of Amasya, Hacı Ahmed Bey, brother of Burâk Beyzade Hüseyin Bey, one of the great emirs, and the sipahi kethüda Sofizade Mehmed Ağa were charged.
At this time Prince Murad Bey, who had fled to Iran, came to Amasya in the guise of a dervish and stayed for a while in the house of Sabuncuoğlu İbrahim Çelebi, one of the rich men. Then he left secretly. He met with the partisans of Sultan Ahmed and held long consultations.
Kutbeddin Îsâ Efendi, who had earlier been sought by decree, had found a way to get himself pardoned and had even become kadı of Bolu. Since Mehmed Pasha had been dismissed while at Bolu and Mehmed Pasha had gone to the Egyptian war, he had come to Amasya and been reunited with his former companions.
Because of the state of war, the whole strength of the province of Amasya had gone against Egypt, and taking advantage of this situation, the well-known Celâl and Zünnûn Babas rose again. With a crowd of some ten thousand that they gathered around them, they began to attack the surroundings of Amasya.
On the fifteenth Friday night of Sha'ban of the year 922, Mü'eyyedzade Abdurrahman Efendi of Amasya, who was kazasker of Rumeli in Istanbul, died and was buried in his own grave near the Tomb of Eyüp Sultan.
At this time at Amasya, owing to the corruption of Kutub and Gıyâs of "the Three," the Celâlîs continued fierce destruction around Amasya and came as far as the Ferhad Pass in order to raid Amasya a second time.
But the cannon and archers placed on both sides of the pass prevented the brigands from entering the city, and Hacı Ahmed Bey, the guardian of Amasya, worked as hard as he could. The people had passed Ramadan in great excitement.
Hacı Ahmed Bey, the guardian of Amasya, while asking for help from the emirs of the region, had armed all who could bear arms. For the Celâlîs had begun to attack from the western and southern sides of Amasya. There was no force there.
In the last days of Shawwal of the year 922 the Celâlîs even entered the city. The defenders of the city and the people resisted and stood firm. Keyvân Ağazade Rüstem and Hacı Beyzade Mirza Beys, who hastened to help from outside, charged at the brigands with all their strength.
After a bloody struggle within Amasya, the Celâlîs suffered great losses. In the end they fled. But they plundered and ruined the surroundings of the city. At this time Mehmed Pasha, the beylerbeyi of Amasya, was martyred in the battle of Marj Dabiq (Mercidabık).
When Sultan Selim learned of the Amasya affair at Damascus, he appointed Şâdî Pasha, whom he had immediately pardoned and set free, to the beylerbeyilik of Amasya for the second time, and sent him together with the defterdar Kadızade Mehmed Çelebi of Amasya, appointed for the inquiry.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mutasarrıf: sanjak administrator
- hazîre: cemetery, burial ground around a tomb
- ağniyâ: the rich
- kuvve-i umûmiyye: general strength, the whole military force of the province
- bi'l-istifâde: by taking advantage
- ma'hûd: known, mentioned before
- haşerât: a crowd, an unruly rabble (here a disparaging expression)
- mefsedet: mischief, sedition
- tîrendâz: archer
- istimdâd: asking for help
- ta'arruz: attack
- zâyi'ât: losses
- muttali': informed
- nasb ve irsâl: appointing and sending
Mehmed Pasha's Lineage
The information that Mehmed Pasha's father, Hamza Beyzade Mustafa Pasha, incurred the wrath of Bayezid II appears only in Hüsameddin's text. In the sources I read on Mustafa Pasha and Mehmed Pasha, no separate record was found confirming or refuting the Bursa and Bolu posts; the entry therefore rests only on the information Hüsameddin reports.
Mü'eyyedzade Abdurrahman Efendi
Mü'eyyedzade Abdurrahman Efendi, the kazasker of Rumeli named in the text, was born at Amasya in Safar 860 (January 1456) and was a scholar from the Divriklizade family. In the days when the Janissaries moved in favor of Prince Selim his mansion was plundered, and in 917 (1511) he was removed from the kazaskerlik of Rumeli. When Selim became sultan he became kazasker of Rumeli again (919/1513), took part in Çaldıran, and on the return was dismissed a second time (920/1514). His date of death is 15 Sha'ban 922 (13 September 1516); this date agrees with Hüsameddin's record "the fifteenth Friday night of Sha'ban." The information that he was buried in the cemetery of the Tomb of Eyüp Sultan is likewise the same as the text. He was the patron of the upbringing of many scholars and poets such as Kemalpaşazade and Ebüssuûd Efendi; Yavuz Sultan Selim grieved at his death, saying "Alas, we have reached his last days."
Chronology and the Celâlî Raid
The Battle of Marj Dabiq took place in August 1516; the date of Shawwal 922 that Hüsameddin gives corresponds to a few months after it. The text first narrates that Mehmed Pasha went on the Egyptian campaign, and reports that he was martyred only at the end of the Celâlî raid in an added sentence. For this reason whether the raid came before or after Mehmed Pasha's death does not follow definitely from the text; the reader should read the phrase "at this time" as a loose connective.
The name Celâlî became established in this period as a general name given to risings favorable to Shah İsmail; the rising of Celâl, who appeared at Bozok in 1519 with a mahdi claim, led to this name being given to later Anatolian risings. Hüsameddin's mention together, in 922, of Celâl, the Celâlî brigands and Zünnûn Baba suggests that the rebels of that year were from this circle; no separate source confirming this information was found.
The Account of Prince Murad
According to Hüsameddin, Prince Murad came secretly from Iran to Amasya and stayed in the house of a rich friend. According to an entry narrating the life of Prince Murad, Murad joined Nur Ali Halife's Anatolian campaign in 1512, settled in Iran when the Safavid support did not materialize, and died of natural causes on 16 October 1519 at Kashan or Isfahan. No record of Murad's secret coming to Amasya appears in the sources I read; this is an account that Hüsameddin relates from local sources. The following entry treats this subject in more detail.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, pp. 496–497. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources