AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · İKİNCİ DEVRE

Sinan Bey

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 3, p. 501 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Mîr-i alem Ya‘kûb Ağa'nın birâderi olduğu Veliyyeddîn Efendi Kütüphânesi'nde mevcûd olan mecmû'a-i münşe'âtda görüldü. 928 senesi cumadelûlâsı [292] gurresinde Amasya beyi olup geldi. Amasya sancağına emîr ta'yîn edilen gayr-i Türk beylerin ilkidir.

929 senesi şa'bânında sadr-ı a'zam Amasyalı Pîrî Mehmed Paşa isti'fâya mecbûr olup gayr-i Türkler'den Rûmeli beylerbeyiliğiyle vezîr-i sâlis olan Fireng İbrâhim Paşa mesned-i sadârete yükseldi. Vezâret kapısı Türkler'in yüzüne kapandı. Enderûn mektebinden Türklerin ayağı kesildi.

929 senesi şevvâlinde Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi Muhyiddîn Mehmed Efendi İstanbul'da Ayasofya müderrisliğine terfî' edildiğinden yerine "Üçbaş" demekle meşhûr olan Nûreddîn Hamza Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi oldu. Bu esnâda Amasya'da nakîbü'l-eşrâf kâ'im-makâmı es-Seyyid Mehmed Çelebi idi.

930 senesinde Celâlîler, yâhud Sultân Murâd'ın avenesi Sivas vilâyetini fenâ hâlde sarmış, Sinan Paşa'yı pek ziyâde sıkışdırmışdı. Bunun için Trabzon beylerbeyi Amasyalı İskender Paşa sene evâhirinde Sivas vâlîsi oldu. Sinan Paşa da ba'dehû emîrü'l-hacc olup Hicâz'a gitdi. Müfessir-i meşhûr Amasyalı Bahşî Halîfe bu sene vefât etdi. "Akbilek" demekle meşhûr idi.

931 senesinde Zünnûn Baba'nın avenesi de Amasya'nın her tarafında şiddetler göstermeğe başladı. Bunların ta'kîbâtında Sinan Bey yaralandı. Yerine Bursa sancağı beyi Koçi Bey ta'yîn olundu. [293]

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

That he was the brother of Yakub Ağa, the mîr-i alem (the official in charge of banner and standard affairs), was seen in a collection of specimens of official documents and letters in the Veliyyüddin Efendi Library. He came as bey of Amasya on the first day of the month of Jumada al-Awwal of the year 928 [1521-22]. He is the first of the non-Turkish beys appointed as emir to the sanjak of Amasya.

In the month of Sha'ban of the year 929 [1522-23] the grand vizier Pîrî Mehmed Pasha of Amasya was forced to resign. Frenk İbrahim Pasha, a non-Turk, who together with the beylerbeyilik of Rumeli was the third vizier, rose to the office of grand vizier. The door of the vizierate closed to the Turks' faces. The Turks' foot was cut from the Enderun school.

In the month of Shawwal of the year 929, Muhyiddin Mehmed Efendi, mufti of Amasya and professor of the Sultaniye, was promoted at Istanbul to the professorship of Hagia Sophia. In his place Nureddin Hamza Efendi, known as "Üçbaş," became mufti of Amasya and professor of the Sultaniye. At this time the deputy of the nakîbü'l-eşrâf (the deputy of the head of the sayyids and sharifs) at Amasya was Seyyid Mehmed Çelebi.

In the year 930 [1523-24] the Celâlîs, or Sultan Murad's men, had enveloped the province of Sivas in a bad manner and pressed Sinan Pasha hard. For this reason the beylerbeyi of Trabzon, İskender Pasha of Amasya, became governor of Sivas at the end of the year. Sinan Pasha then became emir of the hajj and went to the Hejaz. The famous mufassir (Quran commentator) Bahşî Halife of Amasya died this year. He was known as "Akbilek."

In the year 931 [1524-25] the men of Zünnun Baba also began to show violence in every part of Amasya. In the pursuit of them Sinan Bey was wounded. In his place Koçi Bey, sanjak bey of Bursa, was appointed.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mecmû'a-i münşe'ât: a book in which official documents, letters and specimens of composition are compiled
  • gurre: the first day of the month
  • cumadelûlâ: Jumada al-Awwal, the fifth month of the Hijri calendar
  • gayr-i Türk: non-Turkish
  • sadr-ı a'zam: grand vizier
  • mesned-i sadâret: the office of grand vizier
  • vezîr-i sâlis: third vizier
  • nakîbü'l-eşrâf kâ'im-makâmı: the deputy of the head of the descendants of the Prophet
  • avene: partisans, men
  • evâhir: ends, the last days
  • emîrü'l-hac: the head of the hajj caravan
  • ta'kîbât: pursuit, chasing

Pîrî Mehmed Pasha's Departure and İbrahim Pasha

The weightiest sentences in the text are gathered in the second paragraph, which describes the moment the grand vizierate changed hands. Pîrî Mehmed Pasha served as grand vizier from 25 January 1518 to 27 June 1523, and was then retired with the revenues of a vizier. The pasha, who had received his madrasa education at Amasya, withdrew in retirement to his farm at Silivri and died there in 1533. The date of Sha'ban 929 that Hüsameddin gives fits June 1523 exactly. The book says he was "forced to resign"; in the sources it is generally written that he was retired.

Pargalı İbrahim Pasha, who succeeded him, according to the sources was has odabaşı before becoming grand vizier and at the same time received the beylerbeyilik of Rumeli. This appointment, which has no parallel in law and custom, remained a subject of criticism in later centuries too. Hüsameddin's calling him "third vizier" contradicts this information; the sources state that İbrahim Pasha was at that time not a vizier but in the palace service. The sentence "the door of the vizierate closed to the Turks' faces" is Hüsameddin's own interpretation. The nickname "Frenk" in the text appears to relate to the pasha's having been born at Parga; the book, however, does not explain it.

The Mufti of Amasya, Üçbaş Nureddin Hamza

Üçbaş Nureddin Hamza son of Atâullah is an Ottoman scholar born in the village of Üçbaş in the Karasu district of Sakarya. He was trained under Molla Muarrifzade; he taught at the Ebu Eyyûb el-Ensârî madrasas at Manisa, İznik and Istanbul, then at the Üçşerefeli Madrasa at Edirne. He was appointed as professor to the madrasa that Bayezid II had built at Amasya and served for a time as mufti of Amasya. The sources write that he died in Istanbul in 940 [1533] and was buried in the garden of the Üçbaş Mosque, which he had built in the Atik Ali quarter. This mosque, together with the madrasa cells around it, is still used today as a student hostel and place of worship. Hüsameddin reports that he took office in 929; in the Abdullah Bey entry it is narrated that he resigned because of the disturbances at Amasya and went to Istanbul.

Bahşî Halife (Akbilek)

Bahşî Halife, named at the end of the text, is a scholar who for about forty years taught tafsir, hadith and fiqh at Amasya. According to the sources he was born at Sonusa (today's Uluköy), went to the Arab lands and took lessons from scholars such as Suyuti. Şeyhülislam Kemalpaşazade is also among those who learned tafsir and hadith from him. He is also written to have been one of Hayreddin Atûfî's first teachers. The nickname "Akbilek" is said to come from the report that light gushed from his arms during preaching; this is a folk account, not a document. His date of death is given as 1523 (H. 930), which agrees with Hüsameddin's record. His principal works are Mi'râcü'l-Ulâ fî Tefsîri Sûreti'l-İsrâ and Tenbîhü'l-Gabî fî Rü'yeti'n-Nebî; neither has been published. Since there are two other scholars bearing the same name, he should not be confused with them.

Zünnun Baba's Men and the Celâlîs

Sinan Bey's term of office coincides with the years when the unrest in eastern Anatolia was approaching the sanjak of Amasya. The name "Celâlîs" in the text comes, according to some researchers, from the leader named Celal of Bozok around 1519. Hüsameddin calls these movements "Sultan Murad's partisans"; in the next entry he will state openly that he believes this person to be alive. Whom he means here is not clear, and it could not be confirmed from these sources.

The movement of Zünnun Baba is tied in today's research to the year 1526, to the rising that began around Bozok in August. Hüsameddin, on the other hand, places the violence around Amasya in the year 931. The difference may stem from his ordering events by the year in which they were reflected at Amasya. The details of the rising are narrated in the next entry.

Sinan Bey in Other Sources

No information was found in other sources on Sinan Bey himself, his brother the mîr-i alem Yakub Ağa, or his term of office. This entry appears to be the only record resting on the collection Hüsameddin saw.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Other sources

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