Esbak Amasya hükümdârı Argun Hân bin Şâhenşâh bin Mes'ûd Hân'ın şehzâdesi olup yeğeni bulunan hâkim-i Simre Kayser Şâh'ın idâresinden Amasya'yı zabt etmekle 616'da Amasya hükümdârı olmuş idi. Gülşen-i Tevârîh'in zabtı üzere bu iki şehzâdenin yek-diğerini müte'âkib Amasya hâkimi oldukları ve Amasya ümerâsından vâlîsi Bedreddîn Ebû Bekir, Mübârizeddîn Behrâm, Tâceddîn İbrâhim, İmâdeddîn Râmîn, Şemseddîn Ahmed ve ulemâsından Amasya kadısı Evhadeddîn Mahmûd, Mühezzebeddîn Alî gibi zevât-ı meşhûrenin 616'da Konya'da [353] bulundukları,³⁷¹ bu iki şehzâdenin yek-diğeriyle uğraşdıklarını ifhâm etmekdedir.
Tevârîhin kaydından, vesâ'ikin zabtından istidlâl edilerek denilebilir ki: Erzurum hükümdârı olan Gıyâseddîn Mes'ûd Hân 606 vak'asından dolayı Amasya'yı taht-ı nüfûzunda bulundurmak için Kayser Şâh'ı teşvîk ve irsâl ve müşârün-ileyhin Amasya'yı cebren işgâl etdiğini gören Selçûk Şâh, gayrete gelip tedârik eylediği tarafdârânıyla yeğeni Kayser Şâh'ı def' etmekle Amasya'da i'lân-ı istiklâl etdiği ve bu vâkı'ât esnâsında Amasya ricâlinden bir kısmının Konya'ya firâr ve ilticâ etdikleri zann olunur.
619 hudûdunda Amasya hükümdârı Selçûk Hân vefât etmekle şehzâdesi Celâleddîn Melikşâh pederinin makâmını işgâle kıyâm eylediyse de Kayser Şâh'ın şehzâdesi diğer Melikşâh hurûc ederek yek-diğeriyle uğraşdıkları esnâda Sultân Alâ'eddîn Keykubâd, Amasyalı Mübârizeddîn Behrâm Şâh'ı bir kuvve-i kâfiye ile Konya'dan irsâl ve Amasya ümerâsını celb ve emîrü's-sevâhil olan diğer Amasyalı Mübârizeddîn Halîfe (Halfet Gâzi) Alp'ı da Amasya vâlîliğine nasb ederek her ikisinin gayretiyle Amasya hükûmeti Konya'ya iltihâk olmuşdur. [354]
In Modern English
He was the son of Argun Hân bin Şahenşah bin Mesud Hân, the former ruler of Amasya. He had taken Amasya from the rule of his nephew Kayser Şah, ruler of Simre, and become ruler of Amasya in 616 [1219-20]. According to the record of the Gülşen-i Tevârîh, these two princes ruled Amasya one after the other. That well-known persons such as the governor Bedreddîn Ebû Bekir, Mübârizeddîn Behram, Tâceddîn İbrahim, İmâdeddîn Râmîn and Şemseddîn Ahmed from among the beys of Amasya, and the judge of Amasya Evhadeddîn Mahmud and Mühezzebeddîn Ali from among its scholars, were in Konya in 616 also suggests that these two princes were quarrelling with each other.
Drawing an inference from the records of the histories and the information given by the documents, one may say the following: Gıyâseddîn Mesud Hân, ruler of Erzurum, because of the events of 606, had incited and sent Kayser Şah in order to keep Amasya under his own influence; Selçuk Şah, seeing that the said person had occupied Amasya by force, took action, drove away his nephew Kayser Şah with the supporters he had gathered, and declared his independence in Amasya. During these events it is thought that some of the notables of Amasya fled to Konya and took refuge there.
Around 619 [1222], when Selçuk Hân, ruler of Amasya, died, his son Celâleddîn Melikşah moved to seize his father's position. The other Melikşah, the son of Kayser Şah, also appeared, and while they were quarrelling with each other, Sultan Alâeddîn Keykubad sent Mübârizeddîn Behram Şah of Amasya from Konya with a sufficient military force, summoned the beys of Amasya to his side, and appointed Mübârizeddîn Halîfe (Halfet Gazi) Alp, the other man of Amasya, who was the commander of the coast, as governor of Amasya. Through the efforts of the two, the government of Amasya was joined to Konya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- yek-diğer: one another
- müte'âkib: following one after another
- ifhâm: suggesting, giving to understand
- vesâ'ik: documents
- istidlâl: drawing a conclusion by means of evidence
- taht-ı nüfûz: sphere of influence
- müşârün-ileyh: the said person
- tarafdârân: supporters
- def' etmek: to drive away, to dismiss
- ilticâ: taking refuge
- hurûc: coming forth, revolt
- emîrü's-sevâhil: emir of the coasts, commander of the coast
- iltihâk: joining
The Document on Which Hüsameddin Relies
According to his footnote, Hüsameddin's finding about the notables of Amasya who were in Konya in 616 rests on these persons being named in the list of witnesses in Sultan Keykâvus's endowment deed of 616 drawn up in Konya. The succession of quarrels between the two princes is an inference made from documents; Hüsameddin presents it cautiously, saying "one may say" and "it is thought". No further information was found in the sources examined about Selçuk Şah, Argun Hân, Kayser Şah and the two Melikşahs.
The Joining of Amasya to Konya
The appointment of Halîfet Gazi as governor of Amasya is given in present-day research too as 619 (1222); in this respect it agrees with the sources that point to around 619, the date given by Hüsameddin. A detailed account of Halîfet Gazi is given in the next entry.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 2, p. 340–341. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies