Amasya'da âhir-i mülûk-i Selçûkiyye olan Sultân Gıyâseddîn Mes'ûd bin Keykâvus'un şehzâdesi olup Câmiu'd-Düvel, El-aylemü'z-Zâhir, Mir'ât-ı Kâ'inât'da "Gâzi Çelebi bin Sultân Mes'ûd" unvânıyla Simre hükümdârı gösterilen zâtın bu olduğu 757 târîhli vakfiyesinden müstebân olmakdadır. Tâceddîn Altunbaş, tâli'in bir tecellîsi olmak üzere 712'de Simre hükümdârı olarak Amasya'ya gelmişdir.
Hulâsa Anadolu'da Kazancık Noyin'in hezîmet-i külliyesi hükûmet-i İlhâniyye'nin nüfûzunu izâle edecek kadar bir te'sîr-i azîm icrâ etmekle bu hezîmete vâkıf olan Sultân Muhammed Olcaytu Hân fevkalâde müte'essir ve Şi'îler'den müteneffir oluyor, vezîri Sa'deddîn el-Kazvînî kemâl-i gamından vefât etmekle ahvâle çâre-sâz olmak için derhâl mezheb-i ehl-i sünneti kabûl etdiğini i'lân ve rü'esâ-yı Şî'a'yı def' ve tard ediyor, Sultân Tâceddîn Altunbaş'ı Simre hükûmetinde ibkâ ve takrîr etmekle Yaranc Bahâdır Noyin nâm emîri gönderiyordu.
Anadolu nâzırı İşboğa Noyin, kemâ-kân mevki'-i nezâretde müstakil olup Pervâne Beyzâde Alâ'eddîn Alî Bey pervâne-i sultânî ve Sultân [470] Altunbaş'ın atabegi olan Atal oğlu Nâsıreddîn Ahmed Bey nâib-i saltanat, Gümüşlü oğlu Tâceddîn Mahmûd Çelebi müstevfi'l-memâlik, İnâc oğlu Şihâbeddîn Şâdî Bey emîrü'l-ümerâ ve muhâfız-ı belde ve Timurbay dahi şıhne olmuşdur.
Amasya kâdı'l-kudâtı Şemseddîn Muhammed bin el-Hallâtî mecbûr-ı inzivâ olarak Nasreddîn Muhammed bin el-Garmînî Simre kâdı'l-kudâtı, Baba-zâda Alâ'eddîn Ebu'l-Ma'âlî Alî Paşa bin Muhlis Paşa Hânkâh-ı Mes'ûdî şeyhi ve "Yavuz Dede" demekle meşhûr olan eş-Şeyh Cemâleddîn Yûsuf Çelebi dahi Alâ'eddîn Alî Pervâne Bey'in yeni binâ eylediği Mevlevî-hâne şeyhi olarak erkân-ı memleket tebeddül etmişdir.
"Emîr Şeyh" demekle meşhûr olan Hâbil oğlu İzzeddîn Hasan Bey Sivas ve Tutaş oğlu Gıyâseddîn Mahmûd Bey Kastamonu ve Devletşâh oğlu Tâceddîn Devletşâh Bey Ankara vâlîliklerine nasb olundukları zann edilmekdedir. Çünkü Gıyâseddîn Mahmûd Bey harben Kastamonu emâretini zabt eylediği ve Emîr Şeyh Hasan Bey dahi 716 târîhine kadar emîr-i Sivas ve Devletşâh Bey 718'de Ankara'dan gidip Karaman oğlu Bedreddîn Mahmûd Bey'e dehâlet ederek ona dâmâd olduğu kuyûd-ı târîhiyyedendir.
Şu ricâl içinde eş-Şeyh Alâ'eddîn Alî Paşa ile eş-Şeyh Cemâleddîn Yûsuf Çelebi Amasya için şâyân-ı iftihâr olan zevâtdandır. Çünkü eş-Şeyh Alî Paşa, ceddinin kibâr-ı hulefâsından Lokmân Baba'nın halîfesi ve Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî Hazretleri'nin terbiyet-kerdesi olarak zü'l-cenâheyn [471] olan eş-Şeyh Süleyman el-Kırşehrî hazretlerinden ulûm-ı zâhiriyye ve bâtıniyyeyi ahz ederek bir insân-ı kâmil olmuş idi. "Âşık Paşa, Şeyh Paşa, Âşık Baba" demekle meşhûrdur.
Eş-Şeyh Yûsuf Çelebi dahi Konya'da Hazret-i Mevlânâ'yı görmüş ve halîfesi olan Hüsâmeddîn Hasan Çelebi'den ve mahdûm-ı zî-şânı olan Sultân Veled Çelebi Hazretleri'nden füyûzât-ı ilmiyye ve ameliyyeyi ahz ederek Amasya'da tarîkat-ı Mevleviyye'nin kutbu olmuş idi. Yavuz Dede, "Yavuz Çelebi, Buğrâ Şeyh" demekle meşhûrdur. Bunların her ikisi de fâzıl, şâir, ilm-i tasavvufda mâhir zevât olup Amasya'da ehl-i sünnet mezhebi mürevviclerinden idi.
713'de kibâr-ı meşâyih-i Rufâ'iyye'den "Sâhibü'l-Hâl" demekle meşhûr olan eş-Şeyh Şemseddîn Ahmed el-Ubeydî er-Rufâ'î Hazretleri Hicâz'dan gelip Hânkâh-ı Mes'ûdiyye'ye nâzil olmuşdur. "Büyük Müderris" demekle meşhûr olan Şemseddîn Muhammed bin Ahmed bin Ebi'l-Kemâl en-Nahcivânî bu senelerde iştihâr edib Nûreddîn Hasan bin Alî ez-Ziyârî sadru'l-ulemâ ve me'zûn bi'l-iftâ idi.
Anadolu'ya gelen Yaranc Bahâdır Noyin ile Anadolu nâzırı İşboğa Noyin arasında muhâlefet-i efkâr hâsıl olmakla beraber Konya tarafından Karamânîler'in tecâvüzâtı hükûmet-i İlhâniyye'yi telâşa düşürmüş olduğu cihetle Silduz Noyin (Emîr Çoban) 714 rebî'ulevvelinde Anadolu'ya gelip Lârende şehrine inmiş, iki Noyin arasını te'lîf [472] ve ıslâh ve Karamânîler'i münkâd ederek avdet etmişdir.
715'de İşboğa Noyin umûr-ı külliye ve cüz'iyyenin tasarrufâtında kesb-i istiklâl ederek bütün ümerâyı ber-taraf ve Sultân Altunbaş'ı sarâyında âdetâ habs edib nüfûz-ı hükûmeti tamâmiyle kendine hasr etmekle ümerânın ve halkın şikâyâtı Sultân Muhammed Olcaytu Hân'a kadar yükseldiyse de 716 şevvâlinin on üçüncü günü Olcaytu Hân'ın vefâtına binâ'en İşboğa Noyin Sultân Altunbaş'ı hal' ederek Havza simresinde kâ'in çiftliğine⁴³⁴ irsâl ve Anadolu hükûmetinde kesb-i istiklâl etmişdir.
In Modern English
He was the prince, son of Sultan Gıyâseddin Mesud bin Keykavus, the last of the Seljuk meliks in Amasya. It is understood from his waqf deed dated 757 [1356-57] that he is the person shown in Câmiu'd-Düvel, el-Aylemü'z-Zâhir and Mir'ât-ı Kâinât as ruler of Simre under the title "Gazi Çelebi bin Sultan Mesud". Tâceddin Altunbaş, by a whim of fortune, came to Amasya in 712 [1312-13] as ruler of Simre.
In short, the complete defeat of Kazancık Noyin in Anatolia made so great an impression that it destroyed the influence of the Ilkhanid government. Sultan Muhammed Olcaytu Khan, on learning of this defeat, was extraordinarily grieved and felt disgust for the Shiites. When his vizier Sa'deddin el-Kazvînî died of excessive grief, in order to remedy the situation he at once declared that he had accepted the Sunni sect, removed and expelled the Shiite chiefs, and, approving Sultan Tâceddin Altunbaş's remaining in the government of Simre, sent an emir named Yaranc Bahadır Noyin.
İşboğa Noyin, overseer of Anatolia, was as independent in the office of overseer as before. Pervâne Beyzâde Alâeddin Ali Bey became the sultan's pervâne; Nâsıreddin Ahmed Bey, son of Atal and atabeg of Sultan Altunbaş, became deputy of the sultanate; Tâceddin Mahmud Çelebi, son of Gümüşlü, became müstevfi of the realm; Şihâbeddin Şadi Bey, son of İnaç, became emir of the emirs and guardian of the city; and Timurbay became şıhne (security chief).
Şemseddin Muhammed bin el-Hallâtî, chief judge of Amasya, was forced to withdraw into seclusion; Nasreddin Muhammed bin el-Garmînî became chief judge of Simre. Babazâde Alâeddin Ebu'l-Meâlî Ali Pasha bin Muhlis Pasha became sheikh of the Hankâh-ı Mesûdî; Sheikh Cemâleddin Yusuf Çelebi, known as "Yavuz Dede", became sheikh of the Mevlevî lodge newly built by Alâeddin Ali Pervâne Bey. Thus the notables of the country had changed.
It is believed that İzzeddin Hasan Bey, son of Hâbil, known as "Emîr Şeyh", was appointed governor of Sivas; Gıyâseddin Mahmud Bey, son of Tutaş, of Kastamonu; and Tâceddin Devletşah Bey, son of Devletşah, of Ankara. For it is among the historical records that Gıyâseddin Mahmud Bey seized the emirate of Kastamonu by war; that Emîr Şeyh Hasan Bey was emir of Sivas until 716 [1316-17]; and that Devletşah Bey in 718 [1318-19] left Ankara, took refuge with Karamanoğlu Bedreddin Mahmud Bey and became his son-in-law.
Among these persons, Sheikh Alâeddin Ali Pasha and Sheikh Cemâleddin Yusuf Çelebi are among those who are a source of pride for Amasya. For Sheikh Ali Pasha, successor of Lokman Baba, one of his grandfather's great successors, had become a mature man by receiving the outward and inward sciences from Sheikh Süleyman el-Kırşehrî, who was trained by His Excellency Mevlânâ Celâleddin-i Rûmî and was a possessor of two wings (zü'l-cenâheyn). He is known by the names "Âşık Pasha, Şeyh Pasha, Âşık Baba".
Sheikh Yusuf Çelebi had also seen His Excellency Mevlânâ in Konya; receiving scholarly and practical blessings from his successor Hüsâmeddin Hasan Çelebi and from his glorious son Sultan Veled Çelebi, he had become the pole of the Mevlevî order in Amasya. Yavuz Dede is also known by the names "Yavuz Çelebi, Buğrâ Şeyh". Both of them were learned men, poets, masters of the science of mysticism, and were among those who spread the Sunni sect in Amasya.
In 713 [1313-14] Sheikh Şemseddin Ahmed el-Ubeydî er-Rufâî, known as "Sâhibü'l-Hâl", one of the great Rifa'i sheikhs, came from the Hijaz and lodged at the Hankâh-ı Mesûdiyye. Şemseddin Muhammed bin Ahmed bin Ebi'l-Kemâl en-Nahcivânî, known as the "Great Professor", became famous in these years; Nûreddin Hasan bin Ali ez-Ziyârî was head of the ulema and authorized to issue fatwas.
A difference of opinion arose between Yaranc Bahadır Noyin, who had come to Anatolia, and İşboğa Noyin, overseer of Anatolia. Besides this, the Karamanoğulları's attacks from the direction of Konya had thrown the Ilkhanid government into alarm. For this reason Silduz Noyin (Emir Çoban) came to Anatolia in Rabî' al-awwal 714 [1314], camped at the city of Lârende, mended and reconciled the two noyins, made the Karamanoğulları submit, and returned.
In 715 [1315-16] İşboğa Noyin, gaining independence in the management of all affairs great and small, removed all the emirs; he virtually imprisoned Sultan Altunbaş in his palace and bound the influence of government entirely to himself. Although the complaints of the emirs and the people reached Sultan Muhammed Olcaytu Khan, when Olcaytu Khan died on the thirteenth day of Shawwal 716, İşboğa Noyin deposed Sultan Altunbaş, sent him to his farm in the Simre of Havza, and became independent in the government of Anatolia.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- şehzâde: son of a ruler
- vakfiye: official document certifying that a property has been endowed
- atabeg: senior emir charged with the education of a young ruler or prince and with deputizing in affairs of state
- nâib-i saltanat: deputy who acts in the sultan's place
- müstevfî: head of financial affairs, treasurer
- emîrü'l-ümerâ: emir of emirs, commander-in-chief
- şıhne: official responsible for the security of the city
- pervâne: title of a high state office; in Hüsameddin also found in the name of the "Pervâne Beyzâde" family
- kâdı'l-kudât: chief judge
- hankâh: large lodge in which dervishes were housed and trained
- Mevlevî-hâne: lodge of the Mevlevî dervishes
- zü'l-cenâheyn: possessor of two wings; used of a person accomplished in both outward and inward knowledge
- hal' etmek: to depose from the throne
- ber-taraf etmek: to remove, to set aside
Who Was Altunbaş
Taceddin Altunbaş was the son of Gıyaseddin Mesud II, counted the last of the Anatolian Seljuk sultans. It is understood from his waqf deed that he ruled in and around Amasya as ruler of Simre; the waqf deed dated 757 [1356-57] that Hüsameddin mentions is the document that shows this prince's identity. He is also known to be referred to as Gazi Çelebi. His death date is given in present-day studies as 1355 or 1356-57. His grave is said to be in Umurbey village, attached to Havza; it is reported that the gravestone reads "Melik of Amasya, Sultan Taceddin Altunbaş". It was announced that this grave would be placed under protection and turned into a tomb in 2021.
Hüsameddin writes that Altunbaş came to Amasya as ruler of Simre in 712. The death of his father Mesud II is generally accepted as 1308, though there are also those who approach this date with doubt. Since Altunbaş's arrival in 712 falls a few years after his father's death, these two pieces of information do not contradict each other.
The Tomb and Madrasa in Amasya
In the Dere quarter of Amasya there is a tomb named after Taceddin Altunbaş. Its original building inscription and cenotaph have not survived; the plaque placed on it states that the sultan lies here. The structure consists of an octagonal body on a square-plan base; with its regular facing stones, oval corner moldings and chain motifs, it bears the characteristics of 13th-century Seljuk tomb architecture. Although a part of its walls preserves the original condition, the structure remained hidden for many years among workplaces. The madrasa adjoining the tomb was partly uncovered in a research excavation in 1989. The tomb very closely resembles the Cumudar Tomb dated 1242, about 90 meters away, in material, decoration and plan. Researchers say that those who had the two structures built may have been the same persons or relatives of each other. Since Sultan Altunbaş is accepted to be buried in Havza and not at the place where this structure stands, it is considered probable that the tomb in Amasya was built in his name after his death.
The same study also raises the possibility that the present tomb may belong to Mahmud Çelebi, because the location of the tomb of Gümüşlüzâde Mahmud Çelebi is unknown, on account of this similarity and its relation to the nearby Gümüşlü Mosque.
Atabeg Nâsıreddin Ahmed
Nâsıreddin Ahmed Bey, son of Atal, whom Hüsameddin mentions as deputy of the sultanate, was atabeg of the Seljuk sultan Gıyaseddin Mesud II and of his son Altunbaş. His descendants were called Atabeyzâdeler in Amasya. This Ahmed Bey is known to have served as governor of Amasya between 1322 and 1327, to have had the Atabey Madrasa built and to have endowed all his property to this madrasa. Yörgüç Pasha, a descendant of the family, became an important statesman in the Ottoman period.
Noteworthy Points in Hüsameddin's Account
Hüsameddin writes that Olcaytu accepted the Sunni sect after the Kazancık defeat. Another study on Olcaytu's life states that he continued Sunnism until 1310 and remained Shiite until his death, and that Olcaytu's son Abu Sa'id abandoned Shiism and chose Sunnism. For this reason this sentence of Hüsameddin could not be verified in other sources.
Hüsameddin writes of Silduz Noyin, that is, Emir Çoban, coming to Anatolia in Rabî' al-awwal 714, with Lârende as the place where he camped. In an encyclopedic study on the Karamanoğulları it is recorded that Çoban entered Anatolia with three tümens of soldiers, that it was Ramadan 714 [end of 1314] when he came to Konya, and that he then appointed his son Demirtaş as governor-general of Anatolia. There is this small difference in the sequence.
Furthermore, no details were found in the sources examined on the dispute between "Yaranc Bahadır Noyin" and "İşboğa Noyin" that Hüsameddin mentions.
Bibliography
Primary sources
Academic studies
Other sources
- "Anadolu Selçuklu Devletinin Son Hükümdarı II. Gıyaseddin Mesud Han'ın Mezarı", Malumatfuruş doğrulama yazısı, 9 Temmuz 2026.