Merzifonludur. Zoğu nâhiyesinden sipâhî Osmân bin Mehmed'in oğlu ve Cevher Mehmed [66] Paşa'nın kardaşıdır. Bunlara "Zoğulu" denirdi. 1153 cemâziyelevvel ibtidâsında Amasya mutasarrıfı olup Îrân harbiyle meşgûl olduğundan Yeğenoğlu Ömer Bey Amasya mütesellimi ve Fethullâh Ağa da alaybeyi oldu.
Bu esnâda elli yıldan beri Güç Arslan Bey evlâdına meşrût olan Geldiklan kazâsında Kırık nâm-ı diğer Huntî karyesi mâlikânesi mutasarrıfı evlâd-ı vâkıfdan Hızır Ağazâde Mehmed Emîn Efendi bin Mehmed bin Hızır Ağa Geldiklan ve Turhal taraflarında türeyen eşkıyânın elinde evlâdıyla berâber şehîd olduğu herkesi pek müte'essir etmiş, eşkıyâ Tokad, Çorum yollarını kesmişdi.
Cemâziyelâhirde eşkıyâyı tenkîle me'mûr olarak sadr-ı a'zam ağalarından Amasyalı Hasan Ağa ve selâm ağası Mehmed Ağa Amasya'ya geldiler. Alaybeyi Fethullâh ve serdâr Birinci Abdî Ağalar'ı yanlarına alıp ta'kîbâta gitdiler.
Şevvâlin dördüncü günü müftü Hacı Ahmed Efendi fetvâdan çekildiğinden Niksârlı Hacı Halîl Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Fazlıoğulları'nın nüfûzuyla mahkeme kâtibi Gümüşlü Hacı Mehmed Efendi de azl edilip Fazlıoğlu Hacı Mehmed Efendi mahkeme başkâtibi oldu.
Zilhiccede eşkıyâyı tenkîle muvaffak olan [67] Hasan Ağa mîr-i mîrânlıkla Karahisâr-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı oldu. Bu esnâda mevâlîden ve Amasya ulemâsından Şa'bân Efendizâde Hacı Mehmed Efendi vefât edip⁷⁰⁵ cihetleri oğulları Abdurrezâk, İbrâhim Efendiler'e verildi.
Bu sene Birinci Sultân Mahmûd Hân'ın câriyelerinden Hindî Paşazâde Ahmed Bey bin Alî Bey'in zevcesi Fatma Hanım Amasya'da Gümüşlüzâde Câmi'i ittisâlinde yapdırdığı medresesi hitâma ermiş olduğundan Fâtımiyye denilen bu medresenin müderrisliği Hazret-i Pîr İlyâs türbedârı Şeyh İsmâ'il Efendi'ye verildi.
1154 muharrem gurresinde Hacı Kadiroğlu Hacı Hâfız Mehmed Ağa baş a'yân ve Kapancı Hacı Ahmed Ağa hacıbaşı olup birkaç gün sonra müftü Hacı Halîl Efendi'nin azliyle Ya'kûb Paşa müderrisi fukahâdan Akdağlı Hacı Mustafâ Efendi ulemâ ve a'yânın zoruyla Amasya müftüsü ve cebecibaşı Amasyalı Hacı Kadiroğlu Köse Alî Ağa da vezâretle Diyârbekir vâlîsi oldu.
Safer evâ'ilinde Amasya erkânından Yeğenoğlu Hacı İbrâhim Bey Îrân harbinde ve İçerişehir'de Osmâniyye (Tekke) medresesi müderrisi [68] ulemâdan Dervîş Mehmed Efendi vefât etdi.
Rebî'ulâhirde Zorluoğlu Mehmed Ağa yeniçeri serdârı olup Amasya-Samsun yolunda türeyen eşkıyâyı ta'kîbe gitdi. Cemâziyelevvelde eşkıyâyı tepeleyerek muvaffakiyetle avdet etdiğinden "haseki" pâyesini aldı.
Cemâziyelâhirin sekizinde Canik muhassılı Amasyalı Osmân Ağa'ya ve Amasya mütesellimi Ömer Bey'e vârid olan fermân-ı âlîde Terme ve Fatsa kazâlarına musallat olan Çubukçuoğlu kapıcıbaşı Hacı Ahmed ile oğlu Süleymân ve kaynı Alî ve Sakaoğlu Ömer Ağalar'ın⁷⁰⁶ derdest ve Ankara'ya i'zâmı emr edilmiş olduğundan icrâ edildi.
Bu ayın yirmisinde müftü Hacı Mustafâ Efendi fetvâdan isti'fâ eylediğinden Taşâbâdî Hacı Ahmed Efendi ikinci def'a Amasya müftüsü oldu. Amasya mutasarrıfı Teymûr Süleymân Paşa muhârebede yararlığı görülüp şa'bânda vezâretle Sivâs vâlîsi olduğundan kardaşı Çorum beyi Cevher Bey'e mîr-i mîrânlıkla Amasya sancağı verildi. [69]
In Modern English
He was from Merzifon. He was the son of the sipahi Osman bin Mehmed of the nahiye of Zoğu and the brother of Cevher Mehmed Pasha. These brothers were called "Zoğulu." At the beginning of Cemaziyelevvel 1153 [1740] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya. Since he was occupied with the war in Iran, Yeğenoğlu Ömer Bey became mütesellim of Amasya (the deputy who governed the sanjak in the pasha's name) and Fethullah Ağa became alaybeyi.
At this time Hızır Ağazade Mehmed Emin Efendi bin Mehmed bin Hızır Ağa, who held the malikâne of the village of Kırık, otherwise called Huntî, in the district of Geldiklan, and who came from the family owning this waqf, which had been bound for fifty years to the descendants of Güç Arslan Bey, fell a martyr together with his children at the hands of the bandits who had sprung up around Geldiklan and Turhal. This event had deeply grieved everyone; the bandits had cut the Tokat and Çorum roads.
In Cemaziyelâhir, Hasan Ağa of Amasya, one of the grand vizier's ağas who had been charged with eliminating the bandits, and the selâm ağası Mehmed Ağa came to Amasya. Taking with them the alaybeyi Fethullah Ağa and the serdar Birinci Abdi Ağa, they set out in pursuit.
On the fourth day of Şevval, since the mufti Hacı Ahmed Efendi withdrew from the office of fatwa, Hacı Halil Efendi of Niksar became mufti of Amasya. Through the influence of the Fazlıoğulları, the court clerk Gümüşlü Hacı Mehmed Efendi was also dismissed and Fazlıoğlu Hacı Mehmed Efendi became chief clerk of the court.
In Zilhicce, Hasan Ağa, who had succeeded in eliminating the bandits, became mutasarrıf of Karahisar-ı Şarkî with the rank of beylerbeyi. At this time Şaban Efendizade Hacı Mehmed Efendi, one of the great judges and of the scholars of Amasya, died; his posts and revenues were given to his sons Abdürrezzak and İbrahim Efendi.
This year the madrasa that Fatma Hanım, one of the concubines of Sultan Mahmud I and wife of Hindî Paşazade Ahmed Bey bin Ali Bey, had built in Amasya adjoining the Gümüşlüzade Mosque was completed. The professorship of this madrasa, called Fâtımiyye, was given to Şeyh İsmail Efendi, keeper of the tomb of Hazret-i Pir İlyas.
On the first day of Muharrem 1154 [1741], Hacı Kadiroğlu Hacı Hafız Mehmed Ağa became chief notable and Kapancı Hacı Ahmed Ağa became hacıbaşı. A few days later the mufti Hacı Halil Efendi was dismissed; Hacı Mustafa Efendi of Akdağ, professor of the Yakub Pasha madrasa and one of the scholars of jurisprudence, became mufti of Amasya under pressure from the ulema and the notables. The cebecibaşı Hacı Kadiroğlu Köse Ali Ağa of Amasya became governor of Diyarbekir with the rank of vizier.
In the early days of Safer, Yeğenoğlu Hacı İbrahim Bey, one of the leading men of Amasya, died in the war in Iran; Derviş Mehmed Efendi, one of the ulema and professor of the Osmaniyye (Tekke) madrasa in İçerişehir, also died.
In Rebiülahir, Zorluoğlu Mehmed Ağa went as janissary serdar in pursuit of the bandits who had sprung up on the Amasya-Samsun road. In Cemaziyelevvel, having returned successfully after destroying the bandits, he received the rank of "haseki."
On the eighth of Cemaziyelahir, an imperial firman that came to Osman Ağa of Amasya, muhassıl of Canik, and to the mütesellim of Amasya, Ömer Bey, ordered that Çubukçuoğlu Hacı Ahmed, kapıcıbaşı, who had oppressed the districts of Terme and Fatsa, together with his son Süleyman, his brother-in-law Ali and Sakaoğlu Ömer Ağa, be seized and sent to Ankara; this order was carried out.
On the twentieth of the same month, since the mufti Hacı Mustafa Efendi resigned from the office of fatwa, Taşabadî Hacı Ahmed Efendi became mufti of Amasya for the second time. When the mutasarrıf of Amasya, Teymur Süleyman Pasha, became governor of Sivas with the rank of vizier in Şaban for his service in the war, the sanjak of Amasya was given with the rank of beylerbeyi to his brother Cevher Bey, bey of Çorum.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mutasarrıf: the governing pasha who holds a sanjak and takes its revenue
- mütesellim: the deputy who ran the administration on his behalf when the mutasarrıf could not come to the sanjak
- alaybeyi: commander of the timar-holding sipahis of a sanjak
- meşrût: bound to a condition, here bound to the descendants of a particular family
- evlâd-ı vâkıf: the descendants of the waqf's founder
- tenkîl: eliminating bandits by punishing them
- mevâlî: ulema who had risen to the rank of judge of a major city
- cihet: the post and source of revenue held by a scholar (such as a professorship or waqf service)
- gurre: the first day of the Arabic month
- baş a'yân: the head elected by the leading men of the city
- hacıbaşı: the representative chosen from among the pilgrims in Amasya
- haseki: a rank and honorary distinction in the janissary corps
- derdest ve i'zâm: seizing and sending to a place
- mîr-i mîrân: the rank of beylerbeyi
- kayın: the brother of one's spouse
The Zoğulu Brothers
Teymur Süleyman Pasha and his brother Cevher Mehmed Pasha, whom Hüsameddin mentions in this and the following entries, are children of a sipahi family from the nahiye of Zoğu in Merzifon. No detailed biography of these two brothers was found in other sources. However, in a recent study based on Ottoman archival documents, among the sanjak beys placed under the orders of the serasker of Kars in 1744, the name "Timur Süleyman Pasha, mutasarrıf of the sanjak of Kayseri" appears. According to Hüsameddin's record this pasha had become governor of Sivas in Şaban 1154 [October 1741] and guardian of Kars the following year; his appearing on the Iranian front in 1744 with the sanjak of Kayseri shows that he never left the eastern campaigns in these years. In the same documents a bastion of Kars Fortress is called "Timur Pasha"; whether this name has any connection with our pasha could not be determined.
The background of the entry is the Ottoman-Iranian wars that flared up again with Nâdir Shah. Nâdir Shah entered Kirkuk in 1743, besieged Mosul, and besieged Kars in 1744. That the mutasarrıfs of Amasya did not stop at their sanjak and left the administration to mütesellims, that the beys of Amasya died in the Iranian war, and that soldiers, provisions and money were constantly demanded from the sanjak are results of these war years.
Çubukçuoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa and the Beginning of the Canikli Family
Çubukçuoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa, seized by firman and sent to Ankara, is, as Hüsameddin states in his footnote, the kapıcıbaşı Ahmed Ağa known as "Fatsalı." This person is the ancestor of the Canikli family, which in the second half of the eighteenth century would hold Canik, Amasya and Trabzon in its grasp. Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, regarded as the founder of the family, was born in Istanbul in 1133 [1720-21] and was the younger son of Fatsalı Ahmed Ağa; because of the oppressions his father committed around Terme and Fatsa, he was exiled to Ankara with him in August 1741. The date of 8 Cemaziyelahir 1154 that Hüsameddin gives also corresponds to the last week of August 1741; the two records confirm each other exactly.
There is, however, a difference on one point. Hüsameddin lists those exiled with Ahmed Ağa as "his son Süleyman and his brother-in-law Ali" and says in his footnote that this Ali is the famous Canikli Ali Pasha. Yet Özcan Mert and Yücel Özkaya, who have studied the family's history, show Ali as Ahmed Ağa's son and Süleyman's brother. That is, Canikli Ali is not Ahmed Ağa's brother-in-law but his son; it is understood that the word "brother-in-law" in the text is a mistake. The Süleyman called "treasurer Süleyman Pasha" in the footnote is also Ali's elder brother; the two brothers would later quarrel with each other over the Canik mukataa. Ali Pasha would take the sanjak of Amasya as a malikâne in 1772, so that the administration of Amasya, which had complained of his father's oppression some thirty years earlier, would pass into this family's hands.
The Fâtımiyye Madrasa
The madrasa built by Fatma Hatun of Amasya, one of the palace women of Sultan Mahmud I, had been built of wood southeast of the Gümüşlü (Gümüşlüzade) Mosque, on the site of the Gümüşlüoğlu Tekke. It is known by the names "Medrese-i Hatuniye," "Medrese-i Fâtımiye" and "Gümüşlü Madrasa"; two malikânes from Mahmud I's properties had been endowed to it. Studies of the madrasas of Amasya also give 1740 as the year of construction and record that its first professor was Şeyh İsmail Efendi, the last sheikh of the tekke and keeper of the tomb of Pir İlyas; this information agrees with Hüsameddin. The madrasa fell into ruin around 1863 and has not survived. The adjoining Gümüşlü Mosque, in spite of having burned and collapsed many times, still stands on the rise looking down on Yavuz Selim Square, opposite the Hükümet Bridge. The Osmaniyye madrasa in İçerişehir that Hüsameddin mentions had been built in 1737 by Kara Osman Efendi, professor at the Büyük Ağa Madrasa.
The Family in the Footnote
According to Hüsameddin's footnote, Şaban Efendizade Hacı Mehmed Efendi, who died, is the great ancestor of the family called Şaban Oğulları in Amasya. No other record about this family was found.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, 4. Cildin Bakiyyesi, p. 647–647. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Uğur Demlikoğlu, "Avşarlı (Afşarlı) Nadir Şah'ın Üçüncü Kars Kalesi Muhasarasında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Aldığı Askeri, Lojistik ve Mali Tedbirler (1743-1745)", Mukaddime, 16/1, 2025, p. 83-112, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4472890
- Özcan Mert, "Canikli Hacı Ali Paşa Ailesi", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1993, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/canikli-haci-ali-pasa-ailesi
- Yücel Özkaya, "Canikli Ali Paşa", Belleten, c. 36, sayı 144, 1972, https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/453/tur
- Azmi Özcan, "Nâdir Şah", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2006, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nadir-sah--iran
Official sources
Books