AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Seydî Gâzî Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 645–646 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Niksârlıdır. Mîr-i mîrân olup Melik Dânişmend Ahmed Gâzî evlâdından Hacı Alî Bey bin Hasan Çelebi bin Ebulmüslim Çelebi oğludur. 1150 şa'bânının altıncı günü Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Rûmeli'nde kale muhâfızı olup Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osmân Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Ramazânda Salkı Sâlih Ağa yeniçeri serdârı ve zilka'de gurresinde Şeyh İbrâhim Efendizâde Abdurrahmân Efendi nakîb ve yirmi üçünde Zanalı Ca'fer Ağazâde Hacı Ahmed Ağa vezâretle sadâret kâ'im-makâmı oldu.

Çokdan beri Amasya kazâsı, ba'zen ilmi nâkıs [62] ba'zen de hırsı gâlib adamlara tevcîh ve onlar tarafından da iltizâm usûlü üzere birtakım tecrübesiz yâhud tamahkâr nâ'ibler ta'yîn edildiği cihetle hayli hâdiseler olmuşdu.

Bunu nazar-ı dikkate alan sadr-ı âlî kâ'im-makâmı Amasyalı Ahmed Paşa, Amasya kazâsını Mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye derecesine ya'nî mahrec mevleviyyeti râddesine çıkarmış, Mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye müderrislerine tevcîh edilmesine dâ'ir fermân alıp Amasya'ya teblîğ etdirmişdi.⁷⁰³

1151 muharreminde fuzalâdan ve sulehâdan Halfet Gâzî Müderrisi ve Fethiyye vâ'izi İreklizâde Hacı Hasan Efendi âlem-i ebediyyete göçdü. Saferde Çankırı sancağıyla cebecibaşı olan Zanalı Mîrzâ Alî Paşa vefât etdi.

Rebî'ulevvelde kazasker Amasyalı Hacı İbrâhim Efendi Amasya'da yapdırdığı Feyziyye (Aşağı Bakacak) medresesini ikmâl etmekle müderrisliğini akrabâsından Hacı Mahmûd Efendi'ye verdi.

Rebî'ulâhirin yirmisinde Merzifonlu Tuz Mehmed Paşa Vidin harbinde yararlığı görüldüğünden vezâretle Diyârbekir vâlîsi ve Amasya alaybeyi Avkatlıoğlu Mustafâ Bey [63] bin Velî Ağa mîr-i mîrânlıkla Aksarây mutasarrıfı oldu.

Footnotes

  • 703 Fermân Anadolu kadı-askeri Mîrzâzâde Neylî Ahmed Efendi'ye hitâben sâdır olup bir sûreti Amasya sicillâtında görüldü.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Niksar. A mîr-i mîrân (with the rank of beylerbeyi), he was the son of Hacı Ali Bey bin Hasan Çelebi bin Ebulmüslim Çelebi, a descendant of Melik Dânişmend Ahmed Gâzî. On the sixth day of Şaban 1150 [29 November 1737] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya and fortress commander in Rumelia; Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osman Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya.

In Ramazan, Salkı Sâlih Ağa became janissary serdar; on the first day of Zilkade, Abdurrahman Efendi, son of Şeyh İbrahim Efendi, became naqib; and on the twenty-third of the month [14 March 1738], Hacı Ahmed Ağa, son of Ca'fer Ağa of Zana, became deputy of the grand vizierate (sadaret kaymakamı) with the rank of vizier.

For a long time the judgeship of Amasya had been given sometimes to people lacking in learning and sometimes to those whose ambition outweighed it, and these in turn, through the iltizam system, appointed some inexperienced or greedy naibs, so that a good many incidents had occurred.

Taking this into account, the sadaret kaymakamı, Ahmed Pasha of Amasya, raised the judgeship of Amasya to the rank of Mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye, that is, to the level of a mahreç mevleviyeti; he obtained a firman that the judgeship be given to the professors of the Mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye and had it communicated to Amasya.

In Muharrem 1151 [April-May 1738], İreklizâde Hacı Hasan Efendi, one of the virtuous and pious, professor at the Halfet Gazi (Madrasa) and preacher at the Fethiye (Mosque), departed to the eternal world. In Safer, Zanalı Mirzâ Ali Pasha, who had held the sanjak of Çankırı and the office of cebecibaşı, died.

In Rebiülevvel, the kazasker Hacı İbrahim Efendi of Amasya, having completed the Feyziye (Aşağı Bakacak) Madrasa that he had built in Amasya, gave its professorship to his relative Hacı Mahmud Efendi.

On the twentieth of Rebiülâhir [7 August 1738], Merzifonlu Tuz Mehmed Pasha, whose service in the Vidin war had been noted, became governor of Diyarbekir with the rank of vizier; and the alaybeyi of Amasya, Avkatlıoğlu Mustafa Bey bin Velî Ağa, became mutasarrıf of Aksaray with the rank of mîr-i mîrân.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mîr-i mîrân: beylerbeyi; here, the rank of beylerbeyi
  • kale muhâfızı: the commander responsible for the defense of a fortress
  • yeniçeri serdârı: head of the janissaries in the provinces
  • nakîb: the representative of the nakîbüleşrâf in the city, the person who looked after the affairs of seyyids and sharifs
  • sadâret kâ'im-makâmı: the vizier who ran affairs in the capital in place of the grand vizier when the latter was on campaign
  • ilmi nâkıs: lacking in learning
  • tevcîh: granting an office to someone
  • iltizâm: transferring a source of revenue to another for a lump sum
  • tamahkâr: greedy
  • nazar-ı dikkate almak: to take into account
  • mahrec mevleviyeti: the major judgeships to which professors of high-ranking madrasas were first promoted into the judiciary
  • teblîğ: communicating, notifying
  • fuzalâ ve sulehâ: virtuous and pious persons
  • âlem-i ebediyyete göçmek: to die
  • cebecibaşı: head of the cebeci corps, which looked after the army's arms and munitions
  • ikmâl etmek: to complete

A Mutasarrıf of Dânişmend Descent

The genealogy Hüsameddin gives for Seydî Gâzî Pasha shows that in Niksar the memory of the Dânişmendid dynasty was still carried in the eighteenth century as a family identity. Dânişmend Gazi was the founder of the Dânişmendid principality, which settled in the region of Niksar, Tokat, Sivas and Amasya after the victory of Manzikert. Abdülkerim Özaydın notes that part of what is told about him rests on the Dânişmendnâme, which has the character of an epic romance rather than of a historical source; according to reliable sources Dânişmend Gazi died in 477 [1085] and was buried in Niksar. His tomb, located in the Melik Gazi Cemetery in Niksar, is popularly called the Melikgazi Tomb. No information was found in other sources about the Pasha's grandfather Ebulmüslim Çelebi, his father Hacı Ali Bey, or the Pasha himself; Hüsameddin also does not state what document this lineage rests on. The Pasha was sent as commander of a fortress in Rumelia in the years when the Ottoman state was at war with Austria and Russia; Hüsameddin does not say which fortress.

The Sadaret Kaymakamı Hacı Ahmed: of Zana or of Alanya

The text says that on 23 Zilkade 1150 [14 March 1738] Hacı Ahmed Ağa, son of Ca'fer Ağa of Zana, became sadaret kaymakamı with the rank of vizier. This person is Şehlâ (Nişancı) Hacı Ahmed Pasha, who would become grand vizier two years later. The information Feridun Emecen gives for this pasha both agrees and differs with Hüsameddin's record. According to Emecen, Ahmed Pasha was the son of Câfer Ağa; in March 1738 he was given the vizierate together with the muhassıllık of Aydın, and when he could not suppress the Sarıbeyoğlu revolt he was made sadaret kaymakamı and returned to Istanbul on 27 March 1739. Hüsameddin, however, combines the vizierate and the sadaret kaymakamlığı on the same date. The more important difference lies in the family's origin. Emecen writes that the family was from Alanya and that Ahmed Pasha was born in Foça. Hüsameddin calls him "of Zana," after the village of Zana attached to Amasya. When he first introduces Zanalı Mirzâ Ali Pasha, whose death is recorded in the same entry, in the records of the year 1124 [1712], he writes that he was known as "of Zana" because he was from the village of Zana, that he was the son of Zanalı Ca'fer Ağa bin Mahmud Ağa, one of the haseki of the Chief Black Eunuch, and "the half-brother on his father's side of the former grand vizier Hubyârlı Hacı Ahmed Pasha." So, according to Hüsameddin, Mirzâ Ali Pasha and Ahmed Pasha are brothers and the family are villagers of Amasya. It is not possible to accept either view as certain without relying on archival documents; yet it is seen that the Amasya records plainly regard the pasha as a fellow townsman and that the city gained important positions in Istanbul during his grand vizierate.

The Raising of the Amasya Judgeship to a Mahreç Mevleviyeti

The most noteworthy information in the entry is the raising of the rank of the judgeship of Amasya. According to Fahri Unan, Ottoman judgeships are divided into the major judgeships called "mevleviyet" and the district judgeships; the mevleviyets in turn are ranked as devriye, mahreç, bilâd-ı hamse (the five great cities) and Haremeyn mevleviyets. The mahreç mevleviyets are the places to which professors of high-ranking madrasas first went out into judgeship; at first Galata, Aleppo, İzmir, Jerusalem, Salonica and Tırhala Yenişehri were in this class. From the middle of the sixteenth century, professors of the Sahn madrasas, together with those of the Süleymaniye, the Süleymaniye Dârülhadis, the hâmise-i Süleymâniyye and the mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye, began to be appointed to these judgeships. That the judgeship of Amasya was to be given to the professors of the mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye by the firman Ahmed Pasha obtained meant leaving the city's justice to scholars who had reached a certain standing in the ilmiye career. Considering the misdeeds of the young naib related in the previous entry, it is understood that this decision was a direct response to the troubles experienced in Amasya. In a footnote Hüsameddin states that the firman was addressed to the Anatolian kazasker Mîrzâzâde Neylî Ahmed Efendi and that he saw a copy of it in the Amasya sharia court registers. Indeed, two years later Hacı Mustafa Efendi, one of the professors of the mûsıle-i Süleymâniyye, would come to Amasya as kadı.

The Halfet Gazi Madrasa

The Halfet Gazi Madrasa, of which the deceased İreklizâde Hacı Hasan Efendi was professor, is among the oldest madrasas of Amasya. According to Aynur Durukan, the name popularly pronounced Hilfet Gazi is originally Halîfet Gazi; the madrasa, which its inscription shows to have been built in 606 [1209-10], was founded by Halîfet Gazi, who passed from the Dânişmendid emirate into Seljuk service and was appointed governor of Amasya in 1222. After the earthquake of 1647 the professor Hasan Efendi had the collapsed parts rebuilt in wood, and in 1888 the mufti of Amasya, Hacı Osman Hilmi Efendi, had the building thoroughly repaired. Today, in the Şamlar (Şamice) quarter on Torumtay Street, the south wall and the east section of the madrasa partly stand; the octagonal-bodied tomb adjoining it is known for housing a sarcophagus of the Roman period. That the madrasa was still a place where professors were appointed and lessons given in the eighteenth century shows the long life of this building.

The Feyziye Madrasa

Hüsameddin gives the Feyziye (Aşağı Bakacak) Madrasa, which the former Anatolian kazasker Hacı İbrahim Efendi of Amasya had built, as completed in Rebiülevvel 1151 [June-July 1738]. Some recent sources, on the other hand, write that a wooden "Feyziye Madrasa" was built in 1739 in the name of Seyyid Feyzullah Efendi. While the building is the same, these two pieces of information differ on whom its name comes from; Hüsameddin plainly names İbrahim Efendi as founder and regards the madrasa as his waqf. The name Aşağı Bakacak is a local name pointing to the madrasa's position in the city. No information was found as to whether the madrasa stands today.

Tuz Mehmed Pasha

Merzifonlu Tuz Mehmed Pasha is a name that will also touch the fate of Amasya in later entries. According to some biographical sources, he rose from among the beys, served as beylerbeyi of Kars, Van, Niğde and Kars again from 1728, was made governor of Diyarbekir with the vizierate for the courage he showed at Vidin, and then became serasker of the Vidin front. These sources place the vizierate in 1739; Hüsameddin dates it to Rebiülâhir 1151 [August 1738]. The summer of 1738 is the time when Hacı İvaz Pasha, as serasker of Vidin, defeated the Austrians at Mehadia and took over Ada Kale on 15 August. Tuz Mehmed Pasha's reward must have come during these successes.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Books

Other sources

Remainder of Volume 4 contents

Karekod · QR code

Bu sayfanın karekodudur. A5 olarak yazdırıp asabilir ya da yapıştırabilirsiniz; okutan kişi doğrudan bu içeriğe ulaşır.

This QR code links to this page. Print it on A5 and post it anywhere; scanning it opens this content.