AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Ahmed Pasha (Ankebût)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 575–576 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Ankebût Ahmed Paşa demekle meşhûrdur. 1060 senesi şa’bânının üçüncü günü boğaz muhâfızı oldukta ber-vech-i hâs Amasya sancağı mutasarrıfı olup a‘yândan Sefer Ağa’yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb etdi. [110]

Şa’bânın yirmi ikisinde dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından Amasyalı Serdârzâde Halil Ağa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi olup geldi. Bu esnada Mimâr Kâsım Ağa, ikinci defa Vâlide Sultân kethüdâsı olduğundan Köprülü Mehmed Paşa İstanbul’a gitdi.

Şevvâl evâilinde Sivas Beylerbeyi Hamamcı Mehmed Paşa azledilip Köprü’de mütekâid ve yerine İbşir Mustafa Paşa Sivas vâlisi oldu. Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa da kethüdâyeri iken ma‘zûl olup İstanbul’a gitdi.

1061 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Tâceddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya kadısı olup Mütesellim Sefer Ağa, birkaç gün sonra yine zehâir-i askeriyye sevk ve îsâline me’mûr olduğundan Mustafa Ağa mütesellim kâ’im-makâmı ve saferde Helvacı Mehmed Ağa kethüdâyeri idi.

Cumâdelûlâda Kara Abdî Bey’in azlinde Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa şehir kethüdâsı ve şa’bânda Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi’nin de azliyle selefi Fâzıl Hızır Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi oldu. Köprülü muhalifleri eski mevkilerini buldu.

Şevvâlin gurresinde Kadı İbrâhim Efendi’nin azline binâen Köprü kadısı Gânîzâde Mahmûd Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi. Birkaç gün sonra Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellisi Halil Ağa da İstanbul’a gidip sipâhi Mehmed Ağa evkâfı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.

Zilhiccenin dokuzuncu günü Köprülü Mehmed Paşa, vâlide kethüdâsı Mimâr Kâsım Ağa’nın delâlet ve himmeti sâyesinde vezâretle kubbe-nişîn olup [111] Sadr-ı a’zam Gürcü Mehmed Paşa’nın istirkâbıyla ertesi günü vezâreti ref‘ edilerek Trabzon ve bir hafta sonra Kefe beylebeyi oldu. Mimâr Kâsım Ağa da azl ve nefyedildi.

Yine zilhicce evâilinde Serdâr Hamza Ağa’nın ref‘inden Mahmûd Ağa Amasya serdârı oldu. Bu sene a‘yândan Niyâzoğlu Ali Bâlî Bey, ba‘dehû kibâr-ı meşâyih ve ulemâdan Şeyh Îcâdîzâde eş-Şeyh Hayreddîn Hızır Efendi bin Muhyiddîn Mehmed Efendi vefât etdi. Mahdûmu Abdüllatîf Efendi ders-i âm idi.

1062 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Mustafa Ağa’nın mütesellim vekâletinden azline ve Sefer Ağa’nın da tûl-i meksine binâen Bağdatlıoğlu el-Hâc Osmân Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu. Muharremin yedisinde mütesellimin muârızı olan Fâzıl Hızır Efendi de Amasya fetvâsından azledilip Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi Amasya mütfüsü oldu.

Safer gurresinde Kadı Mahmûd Efendi tarafından Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya nâibi olup Pehlivanzâde Ebûbekir Bey Amasya alaybeyi oldu. Bu esnada Köprülü Mehmed Paşa, Kefe’den ma‘zûlen Köprü’ye geldi.

Cumâdelûlâda Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa’nın ref‘inden Zambak Mehmed Çelebi yine şehir kethüdâsı ve Mahmûd Ağa’nın ref‘inden Yâkup Ağa Amasya serdârı ve ramazânda Müftü Dursunzâde’nin de azliyle selefi Fâzıl Hızır Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi oldu.

Şevvâlin gurresinde Nâib İbrâhim Efendi’nin ref‘iyle meşâhir-i fuzalâdan [112] Uzun Müderris Mehmed Efendi Amasya nâibi ve yirmi dokuzunda a‘yân-ı meşhûradan Abdülcelîlzâde el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi oldu.

Zilka’dede Yörgüç Paşa Evkâfı Mütevellîsi Hasan Beyzâde Mehmed Bey’in ref‘inden birâderi Mustafa Bey vakf-ı mezbûra evlâdiyet üzere mütevelli oldu. Köprü kazâsının idâresi kesb-i nezâket etdi. Çünkü iki taraf olmuşdu. Mehmed paşalarla Abaza Hasan ve Kıbleli Mustafa ağalar, bir türlü geçinemiyorlardı.

1063 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Kadı Mahmûd Efendi’nin müddeti temdîd edilip Uzun Müderris Mehmed Efendi Amasya niyâbetinde kaldı. Fakat Rebîülevvel gurresinde istifa edib Hasan Efendi Amasya nâibi oldu.

Rebîülevvel evâsıtında Rus Rıdvan Ağa kethüdâyeri ve Çavuşzâde Hasan Bey alaybeyi, Karamanoğlu Sinan Ağa Amasya serdârı vekîli oldu. Şa’bânda Zambak Dede’nin azliyle Kara Abdî Bey yine şehir kethüdâlığına geldi.

Şevvâlin gurresinde çoktan beri nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı olan Hakâlalızâde es-Seyyid Abdülkerîm Efendi Amasya kadısı oldukta evlâd-ı Rifâiyyeden es-Seyyid Mahmûd Çelebi nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı ve şevvâlin yirmisinde Köprülü Hacı Yûsuf Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.

Bundan akdem Köprülü Hamamcı Mehmed Paşa vefât edib mahdûmu [113] Mahmûd Bey Köprü’de teayyün etmişdi. Zilka’dede Amasya sancağı Ahmed Paşa’nın uhdesinden alınıp Anadolu Beylerbeyi Hasan Paşa’ya hâss tâyin edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. He is known as Ankebût Ahmed Pasha. When on the third day of the month of Şaban 1060 [1650] he became guardian of the Straits, he also became mutasarrıf (administrator) of the sanjak of Amasya as has, and appointed Sefer Ağa, one of the notables, as mütesellim (deputy who looked after the sanjak in his place) of Amasya.

On the twenty-second of Şaban, Serdârzâde Halil Ağa of Amasya, one of the kapıcıbaşıs of the Exalted Court, came as mütevelli of the imperial waqfs (evkâf-ı Sultâniyye). At this time, since Mimar Kâsım Ağa became kethüda of the Valide Sultan for the second time, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha went to Istanbul.

At the beginning of the month of Şevval, Hamamcı Mehmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas, was dismissed and retired in Köprü; in his place İbşir Mustafa Pasha became governor of Sivas. Kadızâde Mehmed Ağa too, while kethüdâyeri (the local steward of the sipahis), was dismissed and went to Istanbul.

On the first day of the month of Muharrem 1061 [1650-51], Tâceddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi became kadı of Amasya. Since the mütesellim Sefer Ağa was again assigned a few days later to the dispatch and conveyance of military provisions, Mustafa Ağa became deputy to the mütesellim; in the month of Safer Helvacı Mehmed Ağa was kethüdâyeri.

In the month of Cemâziyelevvel, on the dismissal of Kara Abdî Bey, Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa became city kethüda. In the month of Şaban, with the dismissal of Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi too, Fâzıl Hızır Efendi, who had been in this post before him, again became mufti of Amasya and müderris of the Sultâniyye (Sultan Bayezid) Madrasa. Those who were against Köprülü regained their former positions.

On the first day of the month of Şevval, on the dismissal of Kadı İbrâhim Efendi, Gânîzâde Mahmûd Efendi, Kadı of Köprü, came as kadı of Amasya. A few days later Halil Ağa, mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs, also went to Istanbul, and the sipahi Mehmed Ağa became mütevelli of the imperial waqfs.

On the ninth day of the month of Zilhicce, through the mediation and efforts of the valide's kethüda Mimar Kâsım Ağa, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha became kubbe vezir (vizier of the dome) with the rank of vizier. But because of the jealousy of Grand Vizier Gürcü Mehmed Pasha, the next day his vizierate was taken from him and he was made beylerbeyi of Trabzon, and a week later of Kefe. Mimar Kâsım Ağa too was dismissed and sent into exile.

Also at the beginning of Zilhicce, with the dismissal of Serdar Hamza Ağa, Mahmûd Ağa became serdar of Amasya (local commander of the janissaries). This year Niyâzoğlu Ali Bâlî Bey, one of the notables, and then one of the great sheikhs and scholars, Şeyh Îcâdîzâde eş-Şeyh Hayreddîn Hızır Efendi son of Muhyiddîn Mehmed Efendi, died. His son Abdüllatîf Efendi was a ders-i âm (scholar giving lectures open to the public).

On the first day of the month of Muharrem 1062 [1651-52], on the dismissal of Mustafa Ağa from the deputy mütesellimship and since Sefer Ağa did not return for a long time, Bağdatlıoğlu el-Hâc Osmân Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya. On the seventh of Muharrem Fâzıl Hızır Efendi, the opponent of the mütesellim, was also dismissed from the muftiship of Amasya and Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya.

On the first day of the month of Safer, Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi was made nâib (deputy judge) of Amasya by Kadı Mahmûd Efendi; Pehlivanzâde Ebûbekir Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya. At this time Köprülü Mehmed Pasha came to Köprü, dismissed from Kefe.

In the month of Cemâziyelevvel, with the dismissal of Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa, Zambak Mehmed Çelebi again became city kethüda, and with the dismissal of Mahmûd Ağa, Yâkup Ağa became serdar of Amasya. In the month of Ramazan, with the dismissal of Mufti Dursunzâde too, Fâzıl Hızır Efendi, the mufti before him, again became mufti of Amasya and müderris of the Sultâniyye.

On the first day of the month of Şevval, with the dismissal of Nâib İbrâhim Efendi, Uzun Müderris Mehmed Efendi, one of the well-known scholars, became nâib of Amasya. On the twenty-ninth of the same month Abdülcelîlzâde el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa, one of the well-known notables, became mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs.

In the month of Zilkade, with the dismissal of Hasan Beyzâde Mehmed Bey, mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha Waqf, his brother Mustafa Bey became mütevelli of this waqf by the family-waqf procedure (evlâdiyet üzere). The administration of the district of Köprü took on a delicate character, because two sides had formed in the town: the Mehmed Pashas and the Abaza Hasan and Kıbleli Mustafa Aghas could never get along.

On the first day of the month of Muharrem 1063 [1652-53] Kadı Mahmûd Efendi's term of office was extended and Uzun Müderris Mehmed Efendi remained in the nâibship of Amasya. But on the first day of Rebîülevvel he resigned and Hasan Efendi became nâib of Amasya.

In the middle of Rebîülevvel Rus Rıdvan Ağa became kethüdâyeri, Çavuşzâde Hasan Bey alaybeyi, and Karamanoğlu Sinan Ağa deputy serdar of Amasya. In the month of Şaban, with the dismissal of Zambak Dede, Kara Abdî Bey again came to the city kethüdalık.

On the first day of Şevval, when Hakâlalızâde es-Seyyid Abdülkerîm Efendi, who had long been nakîbü'l-eşrâf kaymakamı (deputy of the nakîb who looked after the affairs of the Prophet's descendants), became kadı of Amasya, es-Seyyid Mahmûd Çelebi, of the Rifâî lineage, became nakîbü'l-eşrâf kaymakamı. On the twentieth of Şevval, Mehmed Ağa, son of Hacı Yûsuf Ağa of Köprü, became mütevelli of the imperial waqfs.

Before this, Köprülü Hamamcı Mehmed Pasha had died, and his son Mahmûd Bey had entered among the notables in Köprü. In the month of Zilkade the sanjak of Amasya was taken from Ahmed Pasha and given as has to Hasan Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Anatolia.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • ber-vech-i hâs: as has, that is, with the sanjak's revenues counted directly as the pasha's salary
  • mutasarrıf: the pasha who governs the sanjak and holds its revenue
  • mütesellim: the deputy in the sanjak who stands in for the mutasarrıf and collects the tax
  • evkâf-ı Sultâniyye: the sultans' waqfs, in Amasya above all the waqfs of the Sultan Bayezid II Complex
  • mütekâid: retired
  • kethüdâyeri: the local steward who looks after the affairs of the sipahis in the sanjak
  • zehâir-i askeriyye: grain and provisions gathered for the army
  • gurre: the first day of the month
  • evâil, evâsıt, evâhir: the beginning, middle and end of the month
  • kubbe-nişîn: the vizier who sits under the dome in the Imperial Divan, the vizier of the dome
  • istirkâb: regarding someone as a rival and being jealous of him
  • ref': removal from office
  • nefy: exile
  • mahdûm: son
  • ders-i âm: a senior müderris who gives lectures open to the public
  • tûl-i mekes: staying a long time in a place and not returning
  • evlâdiyet üzere: by the procedure whereby the waqf is administered by descendants of the founder
  • kesb-i nezâket etmek: to take on a delicate, sensitive character
  • teayyün etmek: to enter among the notables, to stand out

Ankebût Ahmed Pasha and the Guardianship of the Straits

Ahmed Pasha of Amasya, known by the epithet Ankebût (spider), appears several times on these pages as mutasarrıf of Amasya. According to a record Hüsâmeddin gives in the biography volumes of his book, in Zilhicce 1056 [1646-47], while mutasarrıf of Amasya, he had moved to the governorship of Sivas. In this entry he holds Amasya together with the guardianship of the Straits as has; that is, the revenue of the sanjak was counted in place of the salary of the vizier who guarded the Dardanelles.

The guardianship of the Straits was no ordinary duty in those years. The Cretan War had begun in 1645, and the Venetian fleet, by closing the Dardanelles, threatened the sea route to Istanbul. According to Samet Tınas's study on the Ottoman-Venetian struggle, in 1650 the Venetians resumed the blockade of the straits, and Ankebût Ahmed Pasha was thereupon charged with protecting them. The forty galleys that left Istanbul on 6 May 1650 met the Venetian fleet in the straits; Ahmed Pasha began cannon fire from the land but achieved nothing, and the attempt to have provisions carried overland was frustrated when Venetian ships came to the area. The date 3 Şaban 1060 that Hüsâmeddin gives falls at the end of July 1650; that the appointment coincides with these blockade days shows that the two records complement each other.

The Years Köprülü Mehmed Pasha Spent in the Shadows

The most striking aspect of the entry is that the comings and goings, between the town of Köprü (today's Vezirköprü) in Amasya and Istanbul, of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, the future grand vizier, in these years can be followed step by step. Hüsâmeddin's short notes such as "Köprülü's opponents regained their former positions" show that even the changes of officials in Amasya were read according to the rivalry between circles close to and distant from Köprülü.

Present-day research also confirms the relationship between Mimar Kâsım Ağa and Köprülü. According to the encyclopedia entry written by Semavi Eyice, Kâsım Ağa became kethüda of Turhan Sultan at the beginning of Zilkade 1061 (October 1651), about two months after the death of Kösem Sultan; when Gürcü Mehmed Pasha learned that he had proposed his fellow townsman Köprülü for the grand vizierate, he was removed from the kethüdalık, his goods were confiscated, he was thrown into the Kanlıkuyu dungeon at Yedikule and later exiled to Cyprus. Since Gürcü Mehmed Pasha is known to have become grand vizier on 30 October 1651, the vizierate of the dome and the next day's fall that Hüsâmeddin relates for 9 Zilhicce 1061 fall in the same weeks as these events.

There are two differences to be noted here. First, Hüsâmeddin places Kâsım Ağa's becoming kethüda of the valide for the "second time" in Şaban 1060; the encyclopedia entry writes that he asked Kösem Sultan for the kethüdalık but did not get it, and was brought to the kethüdalık only in Zilkade 1061. Second, the encyclopedia entries treating Gürcü Mehmed Pasha and Köprülü say that Köprülü's vizier's rank was lowered and he was sent to the sanjak governorship of Köstendil; Hüsâmeddin, however, speaks first of Trabzon, a week later of the beylerbeyiship of Kefe, and writes that in Safer 1062 Köprülü returned to Köprü dismissed from Kefe. Which of the sources is right cannot be resolved from these pages alone; although it is evident that Hüsâmeddin took his information from the Amasya records of the period, he has not given his source here.

İbşir Mustafa Pasha's Governorship of Sivas

İbşir Mustafa Pasha, who is said to have become governor of Sivas in Şevval 1060, is the man who in later entries, as grand vizier, would deeply affect Amasya too. According to M. Münir Aktepe's entry, İbşir, of Abaza origin, had in 1648, while suppressing the rebellion of Varvar Ali Pasha, also rescued Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, who was a captive in Ali Pasha's hands; at the end of 1650 he was, soon after the governorship of Aleppo, brought again to the governorship of Sivas. Hüsâmeddin's record corresponds to this second governorship of Sivas.

Two Sides in the Town of Köprü

Near the end of the entry it is written that in the town of Köprü the "Mehmed Pashas" and the Abaza Hasan and Kıbleli Mustafa Aghas could never get along. The Abaza Hasan mentioned here is the leader of the great Celâlî rebellion that would shake Anatolia a few years later; according to Mücteba İlgürel's entry, he was made Türkmen voyvoda of Yeni İl in 1648 and began his first rebellion when he was dismissed from this post. That the parties to this local quarrel in the town would later split into the Abaza and Köprülü camps shows that the enmities in Amasya and its surroundings extended to the events of 1658-1659.

The Yörgüç Pasha Waqf

The Yörgüç Pasha Waqf, whose mütevelli change is mentioned, is the waqf of the Yörgüç Pasha Mosque on the bank of the Yeşilırmak in Amasya. According to Emine Naza Dönmez's entry, the mosque is a tabhane-plan building built, according to its door inscription, by Atabeg Yörgüç Pasha in 834 (1430); it also includes a tomb containing four sarcophagi belonging to Yörgüç Pasha and his family. The building stands today. That the waqf was administered "evlâdiyet üzere" is a fine example showing that, even after more than two centuries, the mütevelliship remained with the pasha's descendants.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

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