AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Hasan Pasha (Nasûh Ağazâde)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 577–578 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Amasya a‘yânından Nasûh Ağa’nın mahdûmu olduğu münâsebetiyle "Nasûh Ağazâde”⁶⁵² diye meşhûrdur. Girit Muharebatında bir gözü sakat olduğundan “Kör Hasan Paşa” denmişdir. 1065 senesi Cumâdelâhiresinde ber vech-i hâss Amasya mutasarrıfı oldu.

Müşârün-ileyhin birâderi ve kethüdâsı dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa Amasya mütesellimi olup geldi. Acem Ali Mahallesinde kâin konağında oturup sancağı idâreye başladı.

Fakat Sadr-ı a’zam İbşir Paşa, gurur ve azametinden başka idâre-i devlette bir meziyet göstermediğinden ve hayırhâhâne nasihatları da dinlemediğinden rakîbi olan Arnavut Kara Murâd Paşa’nın kaynattığı fitne-i azîmeden recebin beşinci günü azl u katledildi. Rakîbi murâdına erdi.

Bu fitne esnasında kethüdâ-yı sadâret Amasyalı Salih Ağa, çavuşbaşı Gevikzâde Sarı Mahmûd Ağa, sipâhiler ağası Amasyalı Cebecizâde Ali Ağa, Mektûbî Hayreddînzâde Mehmed Efendi, arpa emîni Amasyalı Osmân Efendi gizlenmişlerdi. Vak’adan sonra kaçıp Amasya’ya can attılar. [116]

Köprülü Mehmed Paşa da Trablusşam Beylerbeyi olup kethüdâsını mütesellim göndermişdi. Zabt etmeden azledilip Köprü’ye gönderildi. Amasyalı Serdârzâde Halil Paşa da ma‘zûlen şa’bânın beşinde Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi olup geldi.

Şa’bânın gurresinde Hayreddînzâde Mustafa Efendi’nin yerine kadı-i esbak Ganîzâde Mahmûd Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. İstanbul’dan firar eden ricâlin derdest ve i‘zâmlarına dair fermân gelip yeniçerilerle sipâhiler arasında bürûdeti mûceb ve taharriyat ile hayli kimseler mutazarrır oldu.

Ramazânda firar ve ihtifâ eden ricâlin affıyla Amasya’da ikâmetlerine dair diğer bir fermân gelip ağalar ve efendiler meydana çıktı. Sivas Eyâleti Vezîr Seydî Ahmed Paşa’ya ve bunu iknaya muvaffak olan Hoca Ahmed Paşa’ya da Anadolu Eyâleti verildi.

Ancak ramazânın evâhirinde arpa emîni Osmân Efendi’ye bir yeniçeri pazar yerinde ağır sözler sarf ederek izzet-i nefsini fena kırmışdı. Bir sipâhi de mûmâ-ileyhe arka çıkmış, kavga büyümüşdü.

Yeniçeri serdarı Ya’kûb Ağa ile sipâhi kethüdâsı Rus Rıdvan Ağa arasında adavet vardı. Bu adavet, kavgayı fazla kızışdırdı. Yeniçerilerin maksadı, İstanbul’da İbşir Paşa’nın sarayına yapılan yağmayı Amasya’da İbşirlilere tatbîk etmekti.

Amasya Mütesellimi el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa’nın ve a‘yân ve ulemânın gayretlerine rağmen hâdise büyüdü. İki taraf birbiriyle çarpışdı hayli zâyiat oldu. [117] Sonra bir de yangın çıktı. Amasya kadısı kayıplara karışdı. Mütevellî Halil Paşa, sekbânlarıyla kavgayı yatışdırdı. Yağma ve yangından pek çok eşya zâyi oldu.

Kavga esnasında fedâkârâne çalışan Alaybeyi Hüseyin Bey, a‘yândan Mirza Beyzâde Mehmed Bey, sâbık Yörgüç Paşa Mütevellîsi Hasan Beyzâde Mehmed Bey vefât etdi. Müftü Hızır Efendi de menhûbâtın sahiplerine red ve iâdesi lüzûmuna fetva verdi.

Bîçâre Hızır Efendi, bu fetvasından dolayı Serdâr Yâkup Ağa’nın nüfûzuyla şevvâlin ilk onuncu günü azledilip yerine Sultân Bâyezîd vâizi meşhûr Sinan Efendizâde Mehmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu.

Şevvâlin yirmi birinde bu acıklı hâdiseyi tahkîke me’mûren bâ fermân-ı âlî Hakâlalı Haseki Mûsâ Ağa İstanbul’dan geldi. Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’nın kethüdâsı Hamza Ağa ve Sivas Vâlisi Seydî Ahmed Paşa’nın silahdârı Ahmed Ağa da gelip vak’ayı ve esbâbını öğrenmeye çalışdı.

Şevvâlin yirmi beşinde serdâr Ya’kûb Ağa, kethüdâsı Rıdvan Ağa, azlolup Seksen Altının Ebûbekir Ağa yeniçeri serdârı ve sipâhi müteneffizânından Şamlı Ali Ağa kethüdâyeri oldu.

Müteâkiben Mütesellim el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa da azledilerek esbak kethüdâyeri Koca Hızır Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu. Hızır Ağa, Amasya’nın Hızır Paşa Mahallesi a‘yânından olup “Meydanlı” demekle meşhûr idi. Zambak Dede’nin de azliyle Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa şehir kethüdâsı oldu. [118]

Kadı Mahmûd Efendi, Mûsâ Ağa’nın gelmesiyle meydana çıktı. Temârüz edib emînü’l-fetvâ Abdî Efendi’yi⁶⁵³ Amasya nâibi tâyin etdi. Hizmeti sebk eden Merzifonî Hocazâde Abdurrahman Efendi Erzurum Mollası ve Çavuşzâde Hasan Bey alaybeyi oldu.

Zilka’de evâhirinde emvâl-i menhûbenin sahiplerine redd-i iâdesi hakkında fermân gelip bütün hânelerde taharriyât yapıldı. Koca Hızır Ağa’nın şiddeti sâyesinde emvâl-i menhûbâtın çoğu bulunup sahiplerine verildi. Fakat Hızır Ağa da medhûl oldu. Pek çok adamlar hapsedildi.

1066 senesi muharreminde şikâyetler, pek çok müteneffizânı ve hâssaten Mütesellim Koca Hızır Ağa’yı da alâkadar etdiğinden Amasya sancağı Hasan Paşa’nın uhdesinden alınıp Canik Mutasarrıfı İbrâhim Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.

Footnotes

  • 652 Maliye defterlerinde bu şöhretle mestûr ve tahsilat-ı mâliyede bulunduğu mezkûrdur.
  • 653 Bu Abdî Efendi, Amasya şuarâsını ve vekâyi’i yazan tezkire müellifidir.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya. Because he was the son of Nasûh Ağa, one of the notables of Amasya, he is known as "Nasûh Ağazâde". Because one eye was disabled in the Cretan wars he was called "Kör Hasan Pasha" (Hasan Pasha the Blind). In the month of Cemâziyelâhir 1065 [1654-55] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya as has.

The pasha's brother and kethüda, el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa, one of the kapıcıbaşıs of the Exalted Court, came as mütesellim of Amasya. He settled in his mansion in the Acem Ali quarter and began to govern the sanjak.

But Grand Vizier İbşir Pasha, since he showed no merit in the administration of the state beyond his arrogance and grandeur, and did not listen to well-meant counsel, was, as a result of the great sedition stirred up by his rival Arnavut Kara Murâd Pasha, dismissed and killed on the fifth day of the month of Receb. His rival attained his wish.

During this sedition the sadâret kethüdâsı Salih Ağa of Amasya, the çavuşbaşı Gevikzâde Sarı Mahmûd Ağa, the sipahiler ağası Cebecizâde Ali Ağa of Amasya, the mektûbî Hayreddînzâde Mehmed Efendi, and the arpa emini (official in charge of the barley supplies of the army and the palace) Osmân Efendi of Amasya had gone into hiding. After the event they fled and threw themselves upon Amasya for their lives.

Köprülü Mehmed Pasha had also become beylerbeyi of Tripoli of Syria and had sent his kethüda as mütesellim; he was dismissed before he could take over the post and was sent to Köprü. Serdârzâde Halil Pasha of Amasya, also dismissed, came on the fifth of Şaban as mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs.

On the first day of the month of Şaban, the previous kadı Ganîzâde Mahmûd Efendi became kadı of Amasya in place of Hayreddînzâde Mustafa Efendi. A firman came ordering that the statesmen who had fled Istanbul be seized and sent to Istanbul; this led to a coolness between the janissaries and the sipahis, and through the searches that were made many people suffered harm.

In the month of Ramazan another firman came, that the statesmen who had fled and hidden should be pardoned and live in Amasya; the aghas and efendis came out. The Province of Sivas was given to Vizier Seydî Ahmed Pasha, and the Province of Anatolia to Hoca Ahmed Pasha, who had succeeded in persuading him to this.

But at the end of Ramazan a janissary, with harsh words in the marketplace to the arpa emini Osmân Efendi, had badly wounded his honour. A sipahi backed Osmân Efendi, and the quarrel grew.

There was enmity between the janissary serdar Ya'kûb Ağa and the sipahi kethüda Rus Rıdvan Ağa. This enmity inflamed the quarrel still more. The janissaries' aim was to apply in Amasya to İbşir's men the plunder carried out in Istanbul at İbşir Pasha's palace.

Despite the efforts of Mütesellim el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa and of the notables and scholars, the incident grew. The two sides clashed with each other and considerable losses were suffered. Then a fire broke out as well. The kadı of Amasya disappeared. The mütevelli Halil Pasha calmed the quarrel with his sekbans (paid soldiers). Many goods were lost in the plunder and fire.

Alaybeyi Hüseyin Bey, who had worked selflessly during the fighting, Mehmed Bey, Mirza Beyzâde, one of the notables, and the former mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha Waqf, Hasan Beyzâde Mehmed Bey, died. Mufti Hızır Efendi also gave a fatwa that the plundered goods must be returned to their owners.

Poor Hızır Efendi, because of this fatwa, through the influence of Serdar Yâkup Ağa, was dismissed within the first ten days of Şevval, and in his place Sinan Efendizâde Mehmed Efendi, the well-known preacher of the Sultan Bayezid Mosque, became mufti of Amasya.

On the twenty-first of Şevval, Hakâlalı Haseki Mûsâ Ağa came from Istanbul by imperial firman, charged with investigating this sad event. Hamza Ağa, kethüda of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and Ahmed Ağa, silahdar of Seydî Ahmed Pasha, Governor of Sivas, also came and tried to learn the event and its causes.

On the twenty-fifth of Şevval Serdar Ya'kûb Ağa and his kethüda Rıdvan Ağa were dismissed; Ebûbekir Ağa, nicknamed "Seksen Altının" (of the Eighty-Sixth), became janissary serdar, and Şamlı Ali Ağa, one of the influential sipahis, kethüdâyeri.

Then Mütesellim el-Hâc Süleyman Ağa too was dismissed and the former kethüdâyeri Koca Hızır Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya. Hızır Ağa was one of the notables of the Hızır Pasha quarter of Amasya and was known as "Meydanlı". With the dismissal of Zambak Dede, Taşçızâde el-Hâc İsmâil Ağa became city kethüda.

Kadı Mahmûd Efendi came out on Mûsâ Ağa's arrival. Pleading illness, he appointed the emînü'l-fetvâ (head of the muftiship's office) Abdî Efendi as nâib of Amasya. Hocazâde Abdurrahman Efendi of Merzifon, who had served before, became molla (chief kadı) of Erzurum, and Çavuşzâde Hasan Bey became alaybeyi.

At the end of Zilkade a firman came on the return of the plundered goods to their owners, and all houses were searched. Thanks to Koca Hızır Ağa's severity most of the plundered goods were found and given to their owners. But Hızır Ağa himself too remained under suspicion. Many people were imprisoned.

In the month of Muharrem 1066 [1655-56], since the complaints concerned many influential people and in particular also Mütesellim Koca Hızır Ağa, the sanjak of Amasya was taken from Hasan Pasha and given to İbrâhim Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Canik.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • müşârün-ileyh: the said (high-ranking) person
  • kâin: situated, located
  • hayırhâhâne: wishing well, with good intention
  • fitne-i azîme: great disorder, uprising
  • arpa emini: the official responsible for the barley and fodder needs of the palace and the army
  • derdest ve i'zâm: seizing and sending to the centre
  • bürûdet: coolness, a falling out between them
  • taharriyât: searches, investigations
  • mutazarrır: one who has suffered harm
  • ihtifâ: hiding
  • adâvet: enmity
  • zâyiat: losses
  • menhûbât, emvâl-i menhûbe: plundered goods
  • müteneffiz: influential, whose word carries weight
  • temârüz: pretending to be ill
  • emînü'l-fetvâ: the head of the office in the muftiship that prepares fatwas
  • molla: the high-ranking kadı of the great cities
  • medhûl olmak: to remain under suspicion, to be regarded as implicated in the matter

Kör Hasan Pasha

Nasûh Ağazâde Kör Hasan Pasha, who gives the entry its name, is a statesman who came from the local families of Amasya and rose as far as the vizierate. In his footnote Hüsâmeddin notes that he was recorded in the financial registers by this epithet and was engaged in the collection of revenues. In other sources he is met only in his activity a few years later. In Samet Tınas's study describing the Ottoman-Venetian struggle in the Köprülü period, it is related that in the summer of 1657, during the recapture of Bozcaada, "(Kör) Hasan Pasha, who was mutasarrıf in the Province of Anatolia" was sent with twenty galleys against six Venetian galleons anchored in the strait, defeated the Venetian ships and inflicted some two hundred casualties. In a later entry Hüsâmeddin too writes that while governor of Anatolia he became sadâret kaymakamı with the vizierate. This information shows that this man of Amasya, who lost an eye in the Cretan war, did not shrink from sea battles either.

İbşir Pasha's Fall and Its Reflection in Amasya

Hüsâmeddin's phrase "on the fifth day of Receb he was dismissed and killed" agrees exactly with the date in Abdülkadir Özcan's Kara Murad Pasha entry. According to that entry the rebellion began at the Atmeydanı on 2 Receb 1065 (8 May 1655); the sipahis gathered under the leadership of Kürt Mehmed and took the janissaries with them, and plundered the mansions of the grand vizier and the şeyhülislam. Although İbşir Mustafa Pasha took refuge in the palace, he was forced to hand the seal to the sultan and was killed on 5 Receb 1065 (11 May 1655). The same entry notes that the real organiser of the rebellion was Kaptanıderya Kara Murad Pasha, who appeared to be occupied with naval affairs as though he had nothing to do with anything. Hüsâmeddin's description of Kara Murad as "the rival who stirred up the sedition" agrees with this information.

The source of the incident in Amasya is likewise this Istanbul uprising. In Istanbul İbşir's palace had been plundered; it is stated plainly that the aim of the janissaries in Amasya was to apply the same to the "İbşirlis", that is, İbşir's men who had taken refuge in Amasya. Thus an insult in the marketplace quickly turned into an armed clash between janissary and sipahi, then plunder and fire. A noteworthy detail in Hüsâmeddin's account is that Mufti Hızır Efendi, who gave a fatwa for the return of the plundered goods to their owners, lost his post for this. That a janissary serdar could have a mufti dismissed is a concrete example of how powerful the leaders of the corps had become in the provincial cities of the period.

Köprülü's Governorship of Tripoli and Seydî Ahmed Pasha

The information that Köprülü Mehmed Pasha was appointed beylerbeyi of Tripoli of Syria and dismissed before he could take up the post is also in Mücteba İlgürel's Köprülü entry: on İbşir's coming to the grand vizierate the province of Tripoli had been given to him, but the post was taken from him before he went there and he returned again to the town of Köprü.

On Seydî Ahmed Pasha, to whom the province of Sivas was given, and Hoca Ahmed Pasha, who persuaded him to it, Mehmet Ali Ünal's study based on Evliya Çelebi offers an important supplement. According to this study, after the killing of İbşir, Seydî Ahmed Pasha, together with Abaza Hasan, besieged Aleppo for about two months; on the complaints of the people of the city the government dismissed him from Aleppo and gave him the province of Sivas, and a hatt-ı hümâyun containing counsel that "you should lift the siege of Aleppo and go to Sivas" was also sent with "Kehleli Ahmed Pasha, dismissed from Cyprus". Seydî Ahmed Pasha, having no choice, lifted the siege and turned to Sivas. Hüsâmeddin's information that Hoca Ahmed Pasha received the province of Anatolia in return for his success in this persuasion agrees directly with this account. In Ünal's study it is also related that during the siege of Aleppo Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, dismissed from Tripoli, came to Aleppo and tried to reconcile the parties.

The Emînü'l-fetvâ Abdî Efendi

For Abdî Efendi, whom Kadı Mahmûd Efendi made nâib, Hüsâmeddin gives important information in a footnote: this person is the author of the tezkire that wrote of the poets and events of Amasya. In the encyclopedia entry in which Turgut Akpınar introduces Hüsâmeddin's Amasya Tarihi, it is noted that one of the few works cited as a source in preparing the work is "Tezkire-i Abdî (Abdî of Amasya)". According to this, part of Hüsâmeddin's detailed account of seventeenth-century Amasya may rest on this local witness who lived through the events. This also explains why the events of 1065 can be transmitted day by day and name by name. In the sources examined no information was found on which library the tezkire is in today or whether it has been published.

Quarters and Register Records

The Acem Ali quarter, where Mütesellim Süleyman Ağa lived, takes its name from Hoca Acem Ali of Nishapur, one of the leading merchants of fifteenth-century Amasya. According to Selim Özcan's article studying Amasya in the period of the princes, the Acem Ali Fountain had been built in 1465 in front of this merchant's house in the quarter known by the same name. The Hızır Paşa quarter, to which Koca Hızır Ağa belonged, is the district known for the madrasa and bath that Atabeyzâde Hayreddin Hızır Pasha, lala of Bayezid II, built in 1466. The name Hızırpaşa survives today as a quarter name in the centre of Amasya.

According to Neşe İnak's study on the Amasya sharia court registers, Amasya register no. 11, covering the years 1064-1065, has survived to the present. In the list of kadıs in the same study Gânîzâde Mahmûd Efendi is seen as kadı of Amasya in the years 1061 and 1065; this agrees with Hüsâmeddin's showing Mahmûd Efendi as kadı in Şevval 1061 and Şaban 1065.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Volume 4 contents

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